Yellowtail, kapena Lacedra waku Japan, ndi moyo wam'madzi wama thermophilic womwe umadziwikanso kuti Yellowtail Lacedra. Nsomba yamtengo wapatali chotere ndi nthumwi ya banja la Carangidae, dongosolo la Scad ndi mtundu wa Serioli. Yellowtails ndi omwe ali mgulu la nsomba za pelagic, zofala kwambiri m'mbali mwa nyanja, komanso m'madzi otseguka.
Kufotokozera kwa yellowtail
Nyama yam'madzi Seriola quinqueradiata ndiyofunika kwambiri ndi okhala ku Japan, komwe wokhala m'madzi otchedwa namondwe kapena hamachi. Kutalika pafupifupi kwa munthu wokhwima pogonana nthawi zambiri kumakhala mita imodzi ndi theka ndikulemera kwa thupi makilogalamu 40. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ichthyologists amakono amasiyanitsa pakati pa yellowtails ndi lacedras.
Malinga ndi asayansi, lakedra ndi yellowtails ndi nsomba ziwiri zosiyana kotheratu. Yellowtails ndi yooneka ngati yaying'ono kukula, motero kutalika kwake sikumangodutsa mamitala olemera mpaka ma kilogalamu khumi ndi anayi. Kuphatikiza apo, michira yachikaso ili pamphumi kwambiri, ngati nsomba ya pinki, ndipo pakamwa pa nsomba zotere zimasunthira pansi. Ku lacedra, pakamwa pamakhala pakatikati, ndipo mzere wa pamphumi umasalala moyenera, chifukwa cha zodziwika bwino za zakudya.
Akatswiri azachipatala amaumirira kuti lacedra imakula mwachangu kwambiri kuposa yellowtail, ndipo zingakhale zolondola kuitcha nsomba zotere zagolide, osati yellowtail konse.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Oimira squadron mackerel, banja la Stavridovye ndi mtundu wa Serioli ali ndi thupi lokulirapo lotikumbutsa mawonekedwe a torpedo, opanikizika pang'ono kuchokera mbali. Pamwamba pa thupi pamakhala ndi sikelo zazing'ono. Pamzere wotsatira pali mamba pafupifupi mazana awiri. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe zishango m'mbali mwa mzere. M'mbali mwa caudal peduncle amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa keel wachilendo wapadera. Mutu wa nsomba ya Seriola quinqueradiata ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi woponda pang'ono.
Chomaliza cham'mbuyo cham'mbali cha yellowtail, kapena lakedra yaku Japan, chimakhala ndi cheza chachisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi chofiyira komanso chopindika chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba yodziwika bwino. Msana umakhala kutsogolo kwa dorsal fin yoyamba, yomwe imalunjika kutsogolo. Mphepete yachiwiri yam'madzi mwa nsomba ili ndi 29 mpaka 36 kuwala kofewa. Kutalika kwakumalako kwakutali kumadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa kuwala kolimba katatu ndi cheza 17-22. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kuwala koyamba kwa anthu akuluakulu a Seriola quinqueradiata kumakhala ndi khungu.
Yellowtail imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosangalatsa: thupi limakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu wonyezimira wokhala ndi malo akuda pang'ono kumbuyo kwake ndi zipsepse zachikaso, komanso kudzera m'maso mwa nsombazo, kuyambira pamphuno mpaka koyambira kwa caudal peduncle, pali mzere wopapatiza koma wowoneka wachikaso.
Moyo, machitidwe
M'njira yawo yamoyo, lachedra ndi ofanana ndi mitundu ina yonse ya mullet yomwe ikukhala pano. Pamodzi ndi nsomba zilizonse za pelagic, ma yellowtails ndi osambira abwino omwe amatha kuyenda mofulumira kwambiri m'madzi. Chifukwa cha chikhodzodzo, thupi la nsomba ya pelagic limadziwika ndi kusalowerera ndale kapena zabwino, ndipo limba lokha limagwira ntchito ya hydrostatic.
Pakati pa kusamukira kwachilengedwe kumpoto, ma yellowtails achikulire nthawi zambiri amapita limodzi ndi ma sardine a manambala osiyanasiyana, komanso anchovy ndi mackerel, omwe amasakidwa kwambiri ndi chilombo cham'madzi Seriola quinqueradiata. M'dzinja, pomwe kumayamba nyengo yozizira, achinyamata onse achikulire komanso achikulire amasamukira kumadzi akumwera, ndikupita kumalo ozizira pachaka.
Kusiyana pakati pa lakedra ndi ena ambiri am'madzi otentha kwambiri ndikuti mchilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, kuyambira Julayi mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala, ma yellowtails amasamukira kumadera akumwera kwa Nyanja ya Japan kupita mbali zakumpoto, kukafika ku Sakhalin ndi Primorye.
Kodi lacedra amakhala motalika bwanji
Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali kwa nthumwi za banja la Stavridovye (Carangidae), dongosolo la Stavridovye ndi mtundu wa Serioli silitali kwambiri. Pafupifupi, nsomba zoterezi komanso zotentha sizikhala zaka zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Oimira mitundu ya Seriola quinqueradiata amakhala makamaka pakati ndi kumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean. Mwachilengedwe, lacedra ndi nsomba yaku East Asia, ndipo ma yellowtails amapezeka m'madzi a Korea ndi Japan. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, m'nyengo yotentha ya chilimwe, munthu wamkulu amakonda kwambiri kusambira kuchokera kumadzi aku Japan kupita kudera la Russia, chifukwa chake amapezeka ku Primorsky Territory, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Sakhalin. Nsomba zambiri zam'madzi zam'madzi zimapezeka m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuchokera ku Taiwan mpaka kumwera kwa Kuriles.
Zakudya za chikopa
Zitsanzo zazikulu za Seriola quinqueradiata ndizomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi zomwe zimadyetsa makamaka nsomba. Ma juveniles ang'onoang'ono amadyetsedwa kokha ndi nsomba zazing'ono, komanso pa plankton wamba. Nsomba zoweta zimasakidwa ndi njira ya cauldron, momwe gulu lachikaso chachikaso lazungulira nyama yomwe lingathe kulifinya ndikulifinya ngati mtundu wa mphete. Nthawi yomweyo, chakudya chochuluka cha anthu am'banja la Carangidae chimaphatikizapo:
- sardinella;
- sardinops;
- sadini;
- anangula;
- toering herring;
- nkhandwe hering'i;
- dobara.
Kukula mu ukapolo, lakedra amadya nyama yosungunuka yokonzedwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zotsika mtengo. Nthawi zina pazogwiritsira ntchito izi chakudya chamagulu chapadera chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chimapangidwa potengera nsomba. Ndi chifukwa cha chakudya chochepa chonchi ndiye kuti nyama ya nsomba zomwe zawetedwa sizothandiza kwenikweni komanso ndi zokoma, koma ngakhale "wowonjezera kutentha" amakhala wofunika kwambiri m'misika yakunyumba ndi yakunja.
M'malo okhala ndi malo osakira, mutha kuwona ma anchovies, hering'i ndi sardini zikudumpha m'madzi mwamantha. Nthawi yomweyo, madziwo amawoneka kuti amawira, akuwoneka ngati mphika wowotcha.
Kubereka ndi ana
Pafupifupi ali ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka, oimira nyama zam'madzi za banja la Stavrid ndi mtundu wa Seriola amafika pokhwima ndikugonana. Njira yoberekera mu chikasu imagawanika mosiyanasiyana. Kubzala kwa wokhala m'madzi Seriola quinqueradiata amatha kutambasula kwambiri pakapita nthawi, chifukwa chake zimatenga miyezi ingapo. Lacedra imaberekanso m'nyengo yotentha, pomwe kutentha kwamadzi kumakhala kosavuta kuti mazira akule bwino.
Fry yomwe yangobadwa kumene imayamba kukhala m'madzi, chifukwa cha mtundu wa pelagic wa mazira komanso gawo lazachiphuphu la oimira mitunduyo. Kukula mwachangu kwa chilombocho sikudyetsa kokha pa plankton, komanso mwachangu cha anchovy, mackerel yamahatchi ndi hering'i. Mwakuwoneka, mwachangu lacedra ndimtundu weniweni wa nsomba zazikulu. Akakulira mu ukapolo komanso m'malo awo achilengedwe, mwachangu amakula ndikukula msanga kwambiri.
Mtundu wosakanikirana wa Seriola quinqueradiata umakupatsani mwayi wopeza anthu omwe amagulitsa bwino pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, ndipo mwachilengedwe, nsomba zakutchire zopitilira zaka ziwiri zimawerengedwa ngati chikho. Ndi anthu awa omwe amapezeka muzithunzi zambiri. Nsomba zokonda kutentha zam'nyanja zidaperekedwa kale ndi anthu aku Japan zodabwitsa kwambiri. Anthu okhala mdziko lino ali otsimikiza kuti mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wawo, lacedra amatha kubweretsa mwayi kunyumbayo.
Pakulera kopangira, mphutsi zomwe zimagwidwa zimasanjidwa ndikuziyika m'mayikidwe oyenda a nayiloni kapena a nayiloni kuti ateteze kudya anzawo ndikuchepetsa zovuta zakusowa kwa mpweya.
Adani achilengedwe
Oyimira sukulu zam'nyanja zokonda kutentha Seriola quinqueradiata ndizosavuta kwa nsomba zazikuluzikulu komanso zodya nyama zomwe zimatha kuthamanga msanga m'madzi. Komabe, anthu amadziwika kuti ndi mdani wamkulu wachilengedwe wa lacedra. Nsomba zamtengo wapatali zam'madzi zimagwidwa zochuluka, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutchuka kodabwitsa kwa nyama yokoma komanso yathanzi, yokoma.
Nthawi yosodza kwa yellowtail lakedra ku South Korea imayamba mzaka khumi zoyambirira za Seputembala ndipo imatha mpaka koyambirira kwa mwezi woyamba wachisanu, kenako asodzi amasaka nsomba zotere kuyambira kumapeto kwa February mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Lakedra, wokhala pakuya kwamamita 40-150, imagwidwa mwangwiro ndi jig kapena opunthira pamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoponyera. Nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale asodzi osadziwa zambiri, omwe ali ndi mwayi wosankha bwino, amatha kugwira zitsanzo zazikulu zolemera makilogalamu 8-10.
Ali mu ukapolo, anthu ambiri amafa chifukwa cha matenda ndi tiziromboti, zomwe ndizofala pamitundu yonse yama serioles. Ndipo chiwopsezo chapadera ku ziweto chikuyimiriridwa ndi chotupa chachikulu cha bakiteriya monga vibriosis, chotsatira zizindikiro za kolera.
Mtengo wamalonda
Yellowtail ili mgulu la nsomba zamtengo wapatali zamalonda. Ku Japan, mitundu yam'madzi yam'madzi yotchedwa Seriola quinqueradiata ndi chinthu chotchuka kwambiri komanso chodziwika bwino cha aquaculture, komanso chokulirapo chopangidwa mwaluso pamakampani ogwiritsira ntchito zitseko kapena m'malo okhala ndi mipanda yamadzi achilengedwe. Nsomba iliyonse yomwe imagwidwa m'nyengo yozizira imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Lakedra yakutchire imasiyanitsidwa ndi nyama yolimba yokhala ndi kuwala, koma fungo labwino kwambiri lomwe limakhala bwino ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophikira.
Chakudya chokoma cha lakedra chimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira, ndipo kukoma kwake kumatikumbutsa nyama ya tuna. Fillet Seriola quinqueradiata ili ndi potaziyamu wambiri, sodium ndi magnesium, chitsulo ndi zinc, calcium ndi phosphorous, komanso selenium ndi vitamini complex yonse. Mukalandira chithandizo cha kutentha, nyama yachikaso imawala kwambiri, koma sataya zinthu zake zopindulitsa, ndipo nyama yaiwisi imapezeka mu sushi ndi sashimi. Pali maphikidwe ambiri ophika nsomba zoterezi, koma kuphika ndi kuwotcha kumawerengedwa kuti ndi achikale.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha nsomba zokonda kutentha zotchedwa yellowtail pano zapezeka pagombe la Japan ndi Korea. Malinga ndi akatswiri, ngakhale atagwira mwachangu, komanso pamtengo wokwera kwambiri, lero oimira banja lalikulu la Scarecrow (Carangidae), dongosolo la Scarecrow ndi mtundu wa Seriola sakuwopsezedwa kuti atheratu.
