Chinyamacho, chifukwa choyandikira kwambiri kwa anthu, chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chomwe chimaphunziridwa kwambiri ndi ma possum. Komanso, nkhandwe kuzu ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri pakati pa nyama zonse ku Australia.
Kufotokozera kwa possum woboola pakati
Trichosurus vulpecula ili ndi mayina angapo ovomerezeka (nkhandwe yooneka ngati nkhandwe, burashi, kuzu-nkhandwe) ndipo ndi am'banja la couscous lochokera ku marsupials okhala ndi mbali ziwiri.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Ichi ndi chinyama chokongola, ngakhale chonenepa kwambiri chokhala ndi mphuno yosongoka, pomwe pamatuluka makutu owongoka, milomo yogawanika kumtunda ndi maso akuda ozungulira. Zilonda zazikulu za nsagwada zakumunsi zimasiyana ndi zingwe zazing'onozo.
Kulemera kwake kwa nkhandwe wamkulu kuzu kumasiyana makilogalamu 1.2 mpaka 4.5 (osachepera mpaka 5 kg) ndi thupi lalitali masentimita 35-55. Mchira wa pubescent, womwe umakula mpaka masentimita 24-35, umangokhala wopanda nsonga yokutidwa ndi khungu lolimba. Thupi la phenum lopangidwa ndi nkhandwe limakhala loluka komanso lokhathamira, khosi ndi lalifupi, mutu ndi wolitali. Pamakutu (wamaliseche mkati) amakula tsitsi lachikaso kapena lofiirira. Ma Vibrissa ndi atali komanso akuda, theka lachiwiri la mchira ndilofanana.
Kuzira kwake kulibe tsitsi, zikhadabo zowoneka bwino zimawoneka pazala zamanthu zamiyendo yakumbuyo: pazala zina, zikhadazo ndizopanga zenga, zazitali komanso zamphamvu. Ankhandwe a Kuzu ali ndi khungu lapadera (pafupi ndi anus) lomwe limapanga chinsinsi ndi fungo lamphamvu lamkati.
Zoona. Oimira owoneka bwino kwambiri amtunduwu okhala ndi ubweya wokulirapo (kuphatikiza mchira) amakhala ku Tasmania. Kuzu wakumaloko ndi olemera nthawi 2-3 kuposa achibale awo omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa Australia ndipo amakhala ndi malaya ochepa omwe alibe bulashi pamchira.
Mtunduwo umasankha mtundu wa nyama - umatha kukhala wosiyana, kuyambira imvi yoyera mpaka bulauni kapena yakuda, ndipo chovala chakumunsi ndi m'khosi chakumunsi nthawi zonse chimakhala chopepuka. Maalubino amapezekanso pakati pa ma possum ooneka ngati nkhandwe.
Moyo, machitidwe
Ankhandwe kuzu amakhala osungulumwa, omamatira kudera lina ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuwayendera bwino. Kukhazikitsa chiwembu chanu, pakati pomwe pali mitengo yazisa, sichimachitika kale kuposa zaka 3-4. Chiwembu chachimuna chimafika mahekitala atatu mpaka atatu, chachikazi - pang'ono, mahekitala 1-5.
Kuzu amalemba malire, alendo osawopa (makamaka amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso anzawo), koma lolani amitundu anzawo omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akhale m'gawo lawo. Masana, phenum woboola pakati amagona, amapita kukafunafuna chakudya patatha maola 1-2 dzuwa litalowa.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala pothawirapo:
- nkhalango zowirira;
- "Zisa" kapena mabowo amtengo;
- nyumba zosiyidwa kapena zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono (attics ndi sheds).
Kuzu amayenda pang'onopang'ono pansi, koma sakuwonetsa kupindika kulikonse pamtengo, ngakhale kusinthasintha kwakeko ndikukwera. Kusunthika kwake nthawi zonse kumamupangitsa kuti asamawoneke ngati gologolo, koma ngati wodekha.
Mchira wa prehensile umathandiza kwambiri poyenda ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ndi zisoti zachifumu, zomwe mothandizidwa nazo nyamayo imakhazikika pa nthambi kenako imayamba kuyika zikhadabo zakuthwa zooneka ngati chikwakwa. Pofunafuna chakudya, Kuzu samangoyendera mitengo yozungulira, komanso amayenda pansi, kuyang'ana nyumba zapafupi ngati atakumana naye akupita.
Vosum yooneka ngati nkhandwe sichititsidwa manyazi ndi kuyandikira kwa anthu, komwe amapindula nako kokha. Nyama zimakhala minda yamaluwa ndi mapaki, ndikupanga magulu ambiri m'malo mokweza kumeneko.
Kuzu amakonda kulankhula momasuka, ndichifukwa chake amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa opusa kwambiri marsupial - munthu amamva kulira kwake patali mpaka makilomita 0,3. Zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za mawu, malinga ndi akatswiri a zoo, zimafotokozedwa ndi kupezeka kwa gawo la cartilaginous la kholingo (pafupifupi kukula kwa nsawawa), lomwe mulibe ma marsupial ena. Chifukwa cha chida ichi, kuzu hiss, squeal, squeal, snaps, grunt and even chirped.
Kodi nkhandwe kuzu amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Brushtail imakhala pafupifupi zaka pafupifupi 11-15, ndipo imayika zaka zambiri ikajambulidwa. Mwa njira, possum yooneka ngati nkhandwe imakhala yoweta mosavuta, imazolowera chakudya chatsopano popanda vuto lililonse ndipo sichisonyeza kupikisana ndi eni ake (sichikanda, sichiluma kapena kukalipira). Komabe, pali anthu ochepa omwe akufuna kusunga kuzu kunyumba: kununkhira kotereku kumachokera mthupi lake.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumatha kutsatiridwa kukula - wamkazi wa nkhandwe kuzu ndi wocheperako kuposa wamwamuna. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna amakhala ndi khungu lotukuka lomwe lili pachifuwa. Mkazi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi khola lodziwika bwino pamimba, pomwe amanyamula mwana wake akabereka.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mtundu wopangidwa ndi nkhandwe umakhala ku Australia (makamaka madera akum'mawa, kumpoto ndi kumwera chakumadzulo), komanso zilumba za Kangaroo ndi Tasmania. M'madera ouma komanso ouma pang'ono ku Australia, nkhandwe kuzu ndizosowa. M'zaka zana zapitazo, mitunduyo idayambitsidwa ku New Zealand. Apa kuzu adakula kwambiri kotero kuti adakhala chiwopsezo chenicheni pamasewera am'deralo.
Zosangalatsa. Akatswiri a zinyama akuganiza kuti ndi Kuzu (okonda kwambiri mazira a mbalame ndi anapiye) omwe akuyenera kutsika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa anthu a kiwi, omwe amakhala ku New Zealand.
Mchira wa burashi nthawi zambiri umakhala m'malo okhala ndi nkhalango kapena tchire lolimba, komanso mumakhala malo opanda mitengo komanso achipululu. Kuzu saopa mizinda yomwe amakhala m'minda ndi m'mapaki.
Zakudya za nkhandwe kuzu
M'madera ena, mpaka 95% ya chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha kuzu chimagwera pamasamba a bulugamu, ndipo m'nkhalango zotentha, masamba achitsulo, omwe ndi owopsa kwambiri pa ziweto, amakhala chakudya chake chachikulu.
Kawirikawiri, zakudya za ossum zooneka ngati nkhandwe zimaphatikizapo zosakaniza ndi zinyama:
- chisakanizo cha masamba;
- maluwa ndi zipatso;
- zipatso;
- zosawerengeka;
- mazira a mbalame;
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.
Ngati ziweto zimakhala pafupi ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, zimadya msipu kapena zimadya masamba, ndikukhazikika m'minda yam'mizinda.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ku Australia, nyengo yokhwima ya nkhandwe kuzu siyokhazikika ndi chimango chokhwima, koma kuchuluka kwa zochitika zogonana kumadziwika mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira (maanja ena amakhala ndi ana munthawi zonse ziwiri). Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia, chonde chimakwera pakati pa Meyi ndi Juni. Ku New Zealand, masewera okwatirana a kuzu adayamba kuyambira Epulo mpaka Julayi. Pakadali pano, zazikazi zimakhala zamanjenje kwambiri ndipo movutikira kwambiri zimavomereza owatsatira, kuwasiya patali pafupifupi mita imodzi.
Pofunafuna kubwererana, yamphongo ndiyochenjera, imapereka mawu amtendere, kukumbukira mawu a mwana. Pamapeto pa kugonana, mnzake amasiya mkazi wokhala ndi umuna, kukana kwathunthu udindo wa abambo.
Mimba ndi yaifupi kwambiri ndipo imatenga masiku 16-18. Mkaziyo amabweretsa mwana mmodzi (nthawi zambiri, mapasa), amene amamudyetsa mkaka ndipo amanyamula m'thumba kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Atasiya thumba, mwana akukwawa pamsana pa amayi ake ndikukhala pamenepo kwa miyezi ingapo, ngakhale ali kale wokhoza kupeza ndi kutafuna chakudya cholimba paokha. Kudyetsa mkaka kumaima miyezi 6-10. Ankhandwe a Kuzu amakhala okonzeka kuberekana pakatha chaka choyamba kapena chachiwiri cha moyo.
Adani achilengedwe
Vutoli looneka ngati nkhandwe limasakidwa ndi zilombo zolusa zapadziko lapansi ndi nthenga:
- mphamba (mitundu ina);
- Chiwombankhanga cha ku Australia;
- nkhono (mitundu yosankhidwa);
- Parrot yaku New Zealand;
- kuyang'anira abuluzi (m'mapiri ndi m'chipululu);
- nkhandwe ndi agalu a dingo;
- amphaka amphaka.
Mndandanda wa adani a nkhandwe kuzu watsogozedwa ndi munthu yemwe adafafaniza nyama chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wamtengo wapatali, womwe umatumizidwa kumayiko ambiri kuchokera ku Australia.
Zoona. Amadziwika kuti mu 1906, zikopa za nkhandwe za 4 miliyoni zidagulitsidwa m'misika yamaubweya aku London ndi New York, yoperekedwa pansi pa mayina "Australian possum" ndi "Adelaide chinchilla".
Nzika zaku Australia ndi New Zealand zidapha michira ya burashi osati kokha chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wowala komanso wofunda, komanso nyama, ngakhale ikununkhira bwino.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Gulu loyamba la nkhandwe kuzu (lokhazikitsa malonda odalitsika a ubweya) lidabweretsedwa ku New Zealand mu 1840, ndipo pofika 1924 ziweto zidakulirakulira kotero kuti kutumizidwa kwa zikopa kunadzakhala gwero labwino la ndalama. Chisangalalo cha alenje sichinali chokwanira - kunapezeka kuti gulu lankhondo la nkhandwe silimangotenga ng'ombe ndi chifuwa chachikulu, komanso limayambitsa kuwonongeka kosatheka kwa zomera zakomweko, makamaka mitengo.
Atakhazikika m'nkhalango za New Zealand, mchira wa burashi unasinthiratu ku mtundu wina wazakudya zawo - masamba amitengo yamtengo wapatali yodziwika kuti imapezeka mdzikolo. Masambawo anali okoma kwambiri kwakuti kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu kudakwera mpaka 50 kuzu pa hekitala (kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa ku Australia). Zowona, patangopita nthawi pang'ono, kuchuluka kwa nyama kudatsikirabe, kumayandikira anthu 6-10 pa hekitala, koma panthawiyi mbewu zina zamitengazo zinali zitazimiririka kale, ndipo Kuzu idasinthira mitengo ina, ngakhale yosakongola (mwa mawu am'mimba).
New Zealand idakhala paradaiso weniweni wa nkhandwe kuzu. Panalibe olusa aku Australia (monga ma dingo), omwe amapikisana nawo pazakudya komanso ngakhale tiziromboti tomwe timayang'anira kubereka kosalamulirika kwa Kuzu.
Chakudya chochuluka chomwecho chidapangitsa kuti akhale ndi zibwenzi ngakhale ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi mchira. Ku New Zealand yolemera, adasiya kupikisana, monga momwe adazolowera ku Australia, ndipo adayamba kukhala pafupi, akukhala minda yaying'ono, yodzaza.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, a Kuzu, omwe adayambitsa njira yosinthira nkhalango ku New Zealand, adayenera kusintha mitengo yomwe idatsalira: yokoma kwambiri pofika nthawiyo inali itamasulidwa kale m'masambawo ndipo adzaweruzidwa kuti adzafa posachedwa. Malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe kuzu pafupifupi anthu 70 miliyoni, kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa nkhosa ku New Zealand.
Kusodza kwamalonda kwa Kuzu kumachitika pachilumbachi. Tasmania. Kuphatikiza apo, mitunduyi imaloledwa kutumizidwa pachilumba cha Kangaroo, pomwe michira ya burashi imavulaza anthu komanso zomera zakomweko. The possum yooneka ngati nkhandwe imadziwikanso kuti ndi tizilombo ku Australia, komwe imawononga kwambiri minda ya paini.
Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN, nkhandwe kuzu adatchulidwa kuti "Osadandaula Kwambiri" chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa mitunduyo, akuganiza kuti ndi ambiri komanso amakhala m'malo otetezedwa. Anthu oteteza zachilengedwe ali ndi chidaliro kuti palibe zowopsa zilizonse zomwe zingawonongeke, kupatula kudula mitengo yayikulu.
