Nkhandwe yaying'ono iyi yakhala ukonde waubweya wake wamtengo wapatali. Korsak ndichinthu chosakira malonda, mphamvu zake zomwe zatsika pang'ono kuyambira zaka zapitazo.
Kufotokozera kwa Korsak
Vulpes corsac, kapena corsac, ndi mtundu wa ankhandwe ochokera kubanja la canine.... Ndi yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa nkhandwe yakum'mwera, ndipo imawoneka ngati kachilombo kofiira (wamba) nkhandwe. Corsac ndi squat ndipo ili ndi thupi lokhalitsa, ngati ilo, koma ndilocheperapo ndi nkhandwe zofiira kukula, komanso kutalika kwa fluffiness / mchira. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi nkhandwe wamba kumapeto kwakuda kwa mchira, komanso nkhandwe zaku Afghanistan ndi chibwano choyera ndi milomo yakumunsi, komanso mchira wopandautali kwenikweni.
Maonekedwe
Nyama yosaoneka bwino imeneyi imakula mopitilira theka la mita yolemera makilogalamu 3-6 ndikutalika mpaka kufota mpaka 0,3 m. Corsac ili ndi imvi kapena yofiirira, yakuda pamphumi, mutu wokhala ndi mphuno yayifupi komanso masaya otambalala. Lalikulu ndi lotambalala m'munsi mwa makutu, lomwe mbali yawo yakumbuyo ili yojambulidwa ndi imvi kapena yofiirira, yoloza kumtunda.
Tsitsi loyera loyera limamera mkati mwa ma auricles, m'mphepete mwa makutu ndi malire kutsogolo kwa zoyera. Pafupi ndi maso, kamvekedwe kamakhala kopepuka, kansalu kakang'ono kakuda kamawonekera pakati pakona zakutsogolo ndi milomo yakumtunda, ndipo ubweya woyera wokhala ndi chikasu pang'ono umawonedwa pakamwa, pakhosi ndi m'khosi (pansi).
Ndizosangalatsa! Corsac ili ndi mano ang'onoang'ono, omwe amagwirizana ndi kapangidwe ndi nambala (42) ndi mano a nkhandwe zotsalazo, koma mayini ndi mano odyetsa a corsac amakhalabe olimba kuposa a nkhandwe wamba.
Korsak ndiwokongola kwambiri nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chachisanu, ubweya wonyezimira, wofewa komanso wandiweyani, wojambulidwa ndi imvi yotumbululuka (yokhala ndi ocher). Mtundu wofiirira umawonekera pakati kumbuyo, wophatikizidwa ndi "imvi", yomwe imapangidwa ndi nsonga zoyera za silvery za tsitsi loyang'anira. Ndi kutsogola kwa omalizira, malaya kumbuyo amakhala otuwa, koma zosiyana zimachitika ubweya wofiirira utalamulira.
Mapewa ndi akuda kufanana ndi kumbuyo, koma mbali zonse zimakhala zopepuka. Mwambiri, gawo lakumunsi kwa thupi (lomwe lili ndi chifuwa ndi kubuula) limakhala loyera kapena loyera moyera. Kutsogolo kwa Corsac kumakhala chikasu chowonekera kutsogolo, koma kotuwa-chikasu m'mbali, miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyopepuka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ubweya wachilimwe wa corsac ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi nyengo yachisanu - ndikosowa, kochepa komanso kovuta. Tsitsi kumchira nalonso likuwonda. Tsitsi lakuda silimawoneka nthawi yotentha, ndipo utoto umakhala wunifolomu: kumbuyo, ngati mbali, kumakhala kofiirira, konyansa kapena kamchenga konyansa.
Mchira wa corsac yoyimirira, yolimba komanso yobiriwira, umakhudza nthaka ndikofanana theka la kutalika kwa thupi komanso kuposa (25-35 cm). Tsitsi kumchira limakhala lofiirira kapena lakuda mdima, lofiirira pansi. Mchira nthawi zonse umakhala wowala pansipa, koma nsonga yake imakhala ndi mdima wakuda, pafupifupi tsitsi lakuda. Mutu wa chilombo mu ubweya wa chilimwe umakhala wowoneka wokulirapo, ndipo corsac yokha imayamba kukhala yolimba, yopyapyala komanso yotsamira.
Moyo, machitidwe
A Korsaks amakhala m'magulu am'banja, amakhala m'malo (okhala ndi ma burrows ambiri ndi njira zosatha) kuyambira 2 mpaka 40 km², nthawi zina mpaka 110 km² ndi zina zambiri. Moyo wobowoleza umafotokozedwa ndi nyengo yomwe masiku otentha nthawi yotentha amakhala usiku wozizira, ndipo nthawi yozizira mphepo imakhala yozizira komanso mphepo yamkuntho imalira.
Nyengo yoipa ndi kutentha, corsac imakhala mumtanda, nthawi zambiri simawoneka pamtunda masiku awiri kapena atatu. Mwiniwake samakumba maenje, kukhala ndi iwo omwe asiyidwa ndi nyongolotsi, ma gerbils akuluakulu ndi agologolo agulu, nthawi zambiri - mbira ndi nkhandwe. Kapangidwe kamkati kakuyenera kukonzanso, kuwonetsetsa kuti pali malo angapo oti atuluke mwadzidzidzi.
Ma burrows, mpaka 2.5 mita kuya, atha kukhala angapo, koma m'modzi yekha ndi amene amakhala... Chilombocho chisanatuluke, chimayang'anitsitsa mosamala, kenako chimakhala pansi pafupi ndi khomo lolowera, ndikuyang'ana malowo kenako ndikupita kukasaka nyama. M'dzinja, madera ena, a Korsaks amasamukira kumwera, nthawi zambiri amabwereza njira ya saigas yoponda chipale chofewa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhandwe zisamavutike kuyenda ndikuwedza.
Zofunika! Kuchuluka kwa nyama zolusa kumachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza moto wam'mapiko kapena kufa kwa mbewa. Ndikusamuka koteroko, a Korsaks amadutsa malire amtundu wawo ndipo nthawi zina amawonekera m'mizinda.
Polumikizana ndi ma congeners, Korsak amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikilo, zowonera, komanso zonunkhira. Monga nkhandwe zonse zimalira, kuuwa, kulira, kulira kapena kuuwa: nthawi zambiri zimaweta nyama zazing'ono pakuwa, ndikuzifikitsa pamakhalidwe.
Kodi Korsak amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Kumtchire, ma corsac amakhala zaka 3 mpaka 6, kuwirikiza kawiri moyo wawo (mpaka zaka 12) ali mu ukapolo. Mwa njira, steppe fox imakhazikika mosavuta m'ndende, kuzolowera anthu. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, m'zaka za zana la 17, Korsakov adakondedwa kuti aziweta m'nyumba zaku Russia.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Pali malingaliro olakwika akuti akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. M'malo mwake, ndi amuna omwe amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi, koma kusiyana kumeneku sikofunikira kwenikweni kwakuti akatswiri azowona amalankhula zakusowa kwa mawonekedwe azakugonana kukula (komabe, monga mtundu wa nyama).
Magulu a Korsak
Pali ma subspecies atatu a steppe fox, omwe amasiyana wina ndi mzake kukula, mtundu ndi geography:
- matenda a corsac corsac;
- Vulpes corsac turkmenika;
- Vulpes corsac kalmykorum.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Korsak amakhala madera ambiri aku Eurasia, ndikugwidwa Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Kazakhstan, komanso zigawo zingapo za Russia, kuphatikiza kumwera kwa Western Siberia. Ku Europe, mitunduyi imafalikira kudera la Samara, North Caucasus kumwera ndi Tatarstan kumpoto. Dera laling'ono lamtunduwu lili kumwera kwa Transbaikalia.
Kunja kwa Russian Federation, mtundu wa Korsak umaphatikizapo:
- kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China;
- Mongolia, kupatula nkhalango ndi mapiri;
- kumpoto kwa Afghanistan;
- kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Iran;
- Azerbaijan;
- Ukraine.
Kufalikira kwakukulu kwa nkhandwe kumadziwika pakati pa mitsinje monga Ural ndi Volga. M'zaka zaposachedwa, bobak atabwezeretsanso, kulowa kwa Korsak kudera la Voronezh kudanenanso. Amadziwika kuti ndi wamba ku Western Siberia ndi Transbaikalia. Nkhandwe imapewa nkhalango, nkhalango zowirira komanso minda yolima, posankha malo amapiri okhala ndi masamba ochepa - madera ouma ndi zipululu, pomwe kulibe chipale chofewa... Kuphatikiza apo, chilombocho chimakhala m'zipululu, chimapezeka m'madambo a mitsinje, mabedi owuma komanso pamchenga wosakhazikika. Nthawi zina korsak imalowa m'mapiri kapena kudera lamapiri.
Zakudya za Korsak
Nkhandwe imasaka yokha kumadzulo, kuwonetsa zochitika masana. Corsac imamva kununkhira bwino, kuwona kwamaso ndi kumva, mothandizidwa ndi momwe amamvera nyama ikamayenda / mwamantha motsutsana ndi mphepo.
Zofunika! Pambuyo pachisanu chozizira, kuchuluka kwa Korsakov kumatsika kwambiri. Zadziwika kuti m'malo ena kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe zimatsika modzidzimutsa, zimatsika ndi 10 kapena ngakhale nthawi 100 m'nyengo yozizira.
Atazindikira cholengedwa, chilombocho chimabisa kapena kuchipeza, koma, mosiyana ndi nkhandwe yofiyira, sadziwa mbewa. Chakudya chikatha, sichimapewa kuwonongeka ndi zinyalala, ngakhale chimanyalanyaza zomera. Kutha kukhala opanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zakudya za Korsak ndi:
- mbewa, kuphatikizapo ma voles;
- nsabwe;
- ma jerboas ndi agologolo apansi;
- zokwawa;
- mbalame, anapiye awo ndi mazira;
- hares ndi hedgehogs (osowa);
- tizilombo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ankhandwe oterewa amakhala okhaokha ndipo amakhala awiriawiri mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wawo. Mchitidwewu umabwera mu Januware - February. Amatsagana ndi kukuwa kwamadzulo kwamamiyala ndi ndewu za akazi achichepere kapena osakwatiwa.
Ma Corsac amakwatirana m'makola, ndipo ana agalu ogontha komanso akhungu amabadwira m'malo omwewo masiku 52-60 pambuyo pake (nthawi zambiri mu Marichi - Epulo). Mzimayi amabweretsa kuchokera ku 3 mpaka 6 ana obiriwira abulu (osachepera 11-16), 13-14 cm wamtali ndikulemera pafupifupi 60 g. Patatha milungu ingapo, ana agaluwo amawona maso awo, ndipo ali ndi zaka mwezi umodzi ayesa kale nyama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tiziromboti m'mabowo, mayiyo amasintha khola lake pakukula kwa mwana kawiri. Mwa njira, makolo onse amasamalira ana agalu, ngakhale abambo amakhala mosiyana ndi banja.
Mwa miyezi 4-5, nyama zazing'ono zimakhala zosazindikirika ndi abale achikulire. Ngakhale kukula kwakachulukirachulukira komanso kufalikira koyambirira, anawo amakhala pafupi ndi mayi mpaka nthawi yophukira. Pakazizira, achinyamatawa amathandizananso mpaka nthawi yozizira m khola limodzi. Ntchito zobereka mu corsacs zimatsegulidwa pa miyezi 9-10.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani akulu a corsac ndi nkhandwe wamba komanso nkhandwe... Yotsirizira imasaka nkhandwe, yomwe, ngakhale imatha kuyenda bwino (40-50 km / h), imathamanga ndikuchepetsa. Zowona, malo okhala ndi nkhandwe amakhalanso ndi vuto: Ma Corsacs amadya masewera (mbawala, saigas), ogonjetsedwa ndi mimbulu. Nkhandwe yofiira sikuti ndi mdani, koma wopikisana naye pa steppe: onsewa amasaka nyama zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo makoswe. Chiwopsezo chimachokera kwa anthu. Ngati corsac satha kuthawa, amadzionetsera ngati wamwalira, kudumpha ndikuthawa mwayi woyamba.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN sukutanthauza kuchuluka kwa corsac padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mitunduyo ili mgulu la "zosafunikira kwenikweni". Chifukwa choyamba chakuchepa kwa nkhandwe zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi malonda aubweya, pomwe khungu lachinyama la nyama limayesedwa. Kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazo zisanachitike, zikopa za 40 mpaka 50 zikwi za corsac zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku Russia chaka chilichonse. M'zaka zapitazi, nyengo yozizira yaku Russia ya 1923-24 idakhala "yobala" makamaka, pomwe zikopa zikwi 135.7 zidakololedwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mongolia sinatsalire kumbuyo kwa dziko lathu, kutumiza ku Soviet Union kuyambira 1932 mpaka 1972 mpaka zikopa 1.1 miliyoni, pomwe kuchuluka kwa zotumiza kunja kunali ku 1947 (pafupifupi 63,000).
Kusaka corsac tsopano kumayendetsedwa ndi malamulo adziko lonse (omwe adakhazikitsidwa ku Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan ndi Uzbekistan), momwe mitunduyo imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri pamalonda a ubweya. Njira zoterezi ndizoletsedwa monga kusuta m'mabowo, kung'amba kapena kusefukira kwa dzenje ndi madzi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo zapoizoni. Kusaka ndi kutchera kanyama kovomerezeka kumaloledwa ku Russia, Turkmenistan ndi Kazakhstan kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi.
Zowopsa zina zikuphatikiza kudyetsa ziweto mopitirira muyeso komanso kumanga zomangamanga, kuphatikiza nyumba ndi misewu, komanso chitukuko cha ntchito zamigodi. M'madera ambiri ku Siberia, komwe kumalima malo omwe anamwali, corsac idathamangitsidwa m'malo okhala nkhandwe zofiira, osinthidwa moyandikana ndi anthu. Kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe zomwe zikupita zikuchepa kutsatira kusowa kwa anyani, omwe maenje awo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi adani ngati pogona... Korsak imapindula ndi kuwononga makoswe owopsa, ndipo imaphatikizidwa m'mabuku a Red Data Books of the Russian Federation, makamaka, Buryatia ndi Bashkiria.
