Makoswe ndi mtundu womwe umaimiridwa ndi makoswe a banja la mbewa, ndipo umakhala ndi mitundu yopitilira sikisi. Makoswe otere a gulu la Mammals ndi ofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wamunthu, nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ngati ziweto zokongoletsera, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kwachilengedwe komanso kafukufuku wamankhwala osiyanasiyana.
Kufotokozera kwa makoswe
Oyimira mbewa ngati mbewa ndiye nyama zofala kwambiri padziko lapansi.... Makoswe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mbewa zamakhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe. Amakulanso, amakhala olimba kwambiri komanso okhwima m'malamulo, okhala ndi mphuno yowongoka kwambiri komanso mphuno yayitali. Maso a khosweyo ndi ochepa.
Pazizindikiro zoyambirira zowopsa, makoswe amtundu wa mbewa amatulutsa madzi onunkhira mwamphamvu, chifukwa chake anthu ena amtunduwu amachenjezedwa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amthupi lawo, amatha kufinya mosavuta m'mabowo ang'ono kwambiri, omwe m'mimba mwake mulibe gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a mbewa.
Maonekedwe
Makoswe ali ndi thupi lowulungika, lomwe limadziwika kwambiri ndi makoswe, komanso malamulo okhazikika. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwa munthu wamkulu kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 8-30 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kwa khoswe kumatha kukhala pakati pa 38 g mpaka 500 g. Zina, nthawi zina zowonekera kwambiri kusiyanasiyana kwakunja zimadalira mtundu wamtundu ndi malo okhala mbewa zam'mayi.
Mphuno ya khosweyo ndi yolitali komanso yosongoka, ndi maso ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono. Mchira wa mitundu yambiri yomwe ilipo lero ili pafupifupi maliseche, yokutidwa ndi masikelo ndi tsitsi lochepa. Khoswe wakuda amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa malaya akuda mchira. Kutalika kwa mchira, monga lamulo, ndikofanana ndi kukula kwa thupi ndipo nthawi zambiri kumawadutsa, koma palinso makoswe otchedwa Short-Tailed.
Pa nsagwada za mbewa yamagulu oyamwa, pali awiriawiri azitsulo zazitali zazitali. Zolemba pamtundu zimadziwika ndi mizere yolimba, chifukwa chake kupera chakudya mwachangu komanso mwachangu. Pakati pa molars ndi incisors pali diastema, yoyimiriridwa ndi nsagwada yopanda mano. Ngakhale kuti makoswe oterewa ali mgulu la omnivores, amasiyana pakati pa oimira nyama zakutchire posakhala ndi mayini.
Ma incis a nyama amafunika kupukusa mosalekeza, zomwe zimalola kuti khoswe atseke pakamwa pake. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakusowa kwa mizu, komanso kukula kopitilira muyeso kwa incisors. Mbali yakutsogolo ya incisors imakutidwa ndi enamel yolimba, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kulibe enamel yosanjikiza, chifukwa chopera kwa incisors sikufanana, kotero mano amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a chisel. Mano onse ndi olimba modabwitsa ndipo amatha kukukuta konkire ndi njerwa, alloys ndi zitsulo zilizonse zolimba, koma poyambirira mwachilengedwe adapangidwa kuti azidya chakudya chokhacho chomwe chimachokera kuzomera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chovala cha makoswe chimakhala cholimba komanso cholimba chifukwa cha tsitsi lotetezedwa bwino. Mtundu wa ubweya ukhoza kukhala wotuwa kapena utoto wakuda, nthawi zina ndimakhala ndi utoto wofiyira, lalanje komanso wachikaso.
Makoswe sanakhazikike bwino pamiyendo yawo, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti makoswe azikwera mwachangu malo osiyanasiyana. Komabe, zovuta izi zimagwiridwa bwino ndi zala zolimba komanso zoyenda kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti makoswe amatsogolera moyo wapadziko lapansi komanso wokwanira, amatha kukwera mitengo ndikukonzekeretsa zisa m'mabowo akulu osiyidwa a nyama zina kapena mbalame.
Moyo, machitidwe
Makoswe mwachibadwa ndi agile komanso nyama zolimba kwambiri.... Amathamanga bwino, ndipo pachizindikiro choyamba changozi amatha kufikira liwiro la 10 km / h ndikuthana ndi zopinga zazitali mita. Zochita zatsiku ndi tsiku za oimira awa a suborder mbewa ngati, monga lamulo, kuyambira 8 mpaka 15-17 km. Makoswe amadziwa kusambira ndikusambira bwino kwambiri, amatha kugwira nsomba zazitali kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhala m'madzi kwa masiku opitilira atatu osawononga moyo kapena thanzi.
Makoswe amagwiritsa ntchito mabowo okumbidwa kapena kutayidwa ndi nyama zina ngati pothawirapo, komanso malo achilengedwe ndi yokumba, zisa za mbalame zosiyanasiyana. Makoswe amatha kukhala m'modzi payekhapayekha ndikupanga madera okhala ndi anthu osiyanasiyana kapena magulu amabanja. Mkati mwa gulu limodzi, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi anthu mazana angapo, maudindo ovuta kupangidwa amapangidwa ndi kukhalapo kwaimuna yayikulu, komanso akazi ambiri olamulira. Gawo la aliyense pagulu lotere limatha kufikira mamita zikwi ziwiri.
Masomphenya a khosweyo sanakule bwino ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ocheperako osapitilira 16 madigiri. Pachifukwa ichi, chinyama chimakakamizika pafupifupi kutembenuza mutu wake mosiyanasiyana. Dziko lowazungulira limawoneka ndi makoswe oterowo mwakachetechete, ndipo mdima wolimba kwa iwo umayimira mtundu wofiira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mphamvu yakununkhiza ndi kumva kwa oimira mtundu wa Khoswe imagwira ntchito bwino, chifukwa chake, nyama izi zimatha kuzindikira phokoso ndikumafupikira mkati mwa 40 kHz.
Makoswe amatha kutulutsa fungo pang'ono, koma nthawi yomweyo, makoswe amatha kulekerera kutulutsa kwa radiation mpaka 300 roentgens / ola popanda zovuta.
Ndi makoswe angati omwe amakhala
Utali wamoyo wamakoswe mwachilengedwe umadalira mtundu wa mitunduyo. Mwachitsanzo, makoswe amvi amatha kukhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka, koma zitsanzo zina zimakhala zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa makoswe akuda wamba, monga lamulo, sikupitilira chaka chimodzi. M'malo a labotale, makoswe amatha kukhala pafupifupi kawiri kutalika. Guinness Book of Records ili ndi chidziwitso pa makoswe akale kwambiri omwe adatha kukhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Pofika chaka chimodzi ndi theka, maliseche amatha kupanga makoswe, chifukwa chake, kuti azindikire kugonana kwa mbewa yayikulu, m'pofunika kuwunika mosamalitsa maliseche anyamayo.
Kusiyana pakati pa akazi ndi amuna:
- chinthu chachikulu chosiyanitsa chamwamuna wamkulu ndi kupezeka kwa machende akulu, omwe amawonekera bwino mchira wa nyama;
- mkazi amadziwika ndi mizere iwiri yamabele m'mimba;
- kugonana kwa mbewa kumadziwika mosavuta ndi mtunda pakati pa anus ndi mtsempha wa mkodzo;
- zazikazi ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi amuna ndipo zimakhala ndi thupi lopanda mphamvu komanso lamphamvu;
- akazi amadziwika ndi thupi lokongola la oblong, ndipo amuna ali ndi thupi lopangidwa ndi peyala;
- mwa akazi, ubweya ndi wosalala, wosalala komanso wofewa, ndipo amuna amadziwika ndi malaya okhwima komanso olimba;
- akazi ndiwokwiya kwambiri, chifukwa choteteza ana awo;
- mwa amuna, mkodzo umakhala ndi fungo lakuthwa komanso losasangalatsa.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kudziwa kugonana kwa ana amphaka obadwa kumene, makamaka ngati mbewa yosakwana masiku asanu. Monga lamulo, ana obadwa kumene ali ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono amdima omwe amakhala pakati pa anus ndi maliseche. Akamakula, machende amapanga m'malo mwa mabala oterowo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti makoswe awiri azaka ziwiri kapena zitatu za moyo amabereka ana mpaka zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi, omwe, atakula msinkhu, amaberekanso mwakhama kwambiri.
Mitundu yamphongo
Mtundu wa Khoswe umaimiridwa ndi mitundu ingapo yamitundu, yomwe imagawika m'magulu. Mitundu ina masiku ano ndi nyama zomwe zatha kalekale.
Onani magulu:
- Norvegicus;
- Rattus;
- Xanthurus;
- Leucopus;
- Mafusiketi.
Mitundu yofala kwambiri masiku ano ya Khoswe Wamtundu:
- Khosi lakuda, kapena Pasyuk (Rattus norvegicus) ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri womwe umapezeka ku Russia. Mitundu yomwe idayambitsidwa mwangozi ndi synanthropus yoona. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi 18-25 cm ndi kulemera kwa 150-400 g. Mchira ndi wamfupi kuposa thupi. Mphuno yotakata imakhala ndi malekezero olakwika. Mitengo yaying'ono kwambiri imakutidwa ndi ubweya wa imvi, pomwe mitundu yakale imakhala ndi mthunzi wofiira wa mtundu wa agouti. Tsitsi lakunja limanyezimira komanso lalitali. M'mimba, tsitsi loyera limakhala ndi mdima;
- Khoswe wakuda (Rattus rattus) - ndi wocheperako kukula ngati khoswe wamvi ndipo ali ndi chopanikiza chochepa, makutu akulu ozungulira, mchira wautali. Kukula kwa khoswe wakuda wamkulu kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 16-22 cm ndikulimbitsa thupi kwa magalamu 130-300. Mchira umakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Mtundu wa malaya amayimiridwa nthawi zambiri ndi nsana wakuda ndi bulauni wobiriwira, mimba yakuda yakuda kapena phulusa komanso mbali zowala. Anthu ena amafanana ndi mbewa yaimvi, koma ndi opepuka, achikasu kumbuyo;
- Khoswe wamng'ono (Rattus exulans) ndi mtundu wachitatu wamakoswe wofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chachikulu kusiyana kwa kobadwa nako kukula kwakukulu kwambiri kwa thupi. Kutalika kumatalika masentimita 11.5-15.0 ndi masekeli 40-80 g. Mitunduyi ili ndi thupi lophatikizana, lofupikitsidwa, mphuno yakuthwa, makutu akulu ndi malaya abulauni;
- Khoswe wamtundu wautali (Rattus villosissimus) ndi mbewa yaubweya wautali yokhala ndi ziwerengero zambiri zoberekera. Amuna okhwima ogonana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi pakati pa 185-187 mm ndi mchira kutalika kwa 140-150 mm. Kutalika kwa thupi la mkazi wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi 165-167 mm, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira sikupitilira 140-141 mm. Kulemera kwapakati pamunthu wamwamuna ndi 155-156 g, komwe kwa mkazi ndi 110-112 g;
- Khoswe wa Kinabuli (Rattus baluensis) - ndi mtundu wina wapadera womwe umafanana ndi wolanda mbewu yotentha Nepentes Raja. Woyimira wamkulu kwambiri wamaluwa amakopa makoswe potulutsa timadzi tokoma, ndipo makoswe amapereka chomera ichi ndi ndowe zawo;
- Khoswe waku Turkestan (Rattus pyctoris) ndimomwe amakhala ku Afghanistan, Nepal, China, India, Pakistan ndi Iran, Uzbekistan ndi Kyrgyzstan. Kutalika kwakukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumasiyana mkati mwa 17-23 cm, ndi mchira wa 16.5-21.5 cm.Dera lakumbuyo limakhala lofiirira mofiirira, ndipo pamimba pamadzaza ndi ubweya wonyezimira;
- Khola lazitsulo zasiliva (Rattus argentiventer) ndi mtundu wamba, wokhala ndi chovala chofiirira kwambiri chopanda tsitsi lakuda. Mbali yam'mimba ndi yotuwa, mbali zake ndi zopepuka, ndipo mchira wake ndi wa bulauni. Kutalika kwa khoswe wamkulu ndi 30-40 cm, ndi mchira kutalika kwa 14-20 cm ndi kulemera kwa 97-219 g;
- Kalulu fluffy tailed, kapena Khoswe wakuda wakuda (Conilurus penicillatus) ndi mbewa yotalikirapo yokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 15-22 ndi kulemera kwa 180-190 g. Mchira nthawi zambiri umakhala wautali kuposa thupi, umafika masentimita 21 mpaka 23. Pali mtolo wa tsitsi kumapeto kwa mchira. Kumbuyo kwake kumayang'aniridwa ndi mithunzi yofiirira yakuda yolowetsedwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Mimba ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi zoyera pang'ono. Chovalacho si chokulirapo koma cholimba;
- Khoswe wofewa (Millardia meltada) ndimomwe amakhala ku Nepal, India ndi Sri Lanka, Bangladesh ndi East Pakistan. Kutalika kwa thupi la makoswe akulu kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 80-200 mm, ndi mchira kutalika kwa 68-185 mm. Chovala cha mbewa ndi chofewa komanso chopyapyala, chofiirira kumbuyo, choyera pamimba. Mchira wakumtunda ndi wamdima wakuda.
- Khoswe Wamtundu (Rattus adustus) - mitundu yokhayo yoyimira komanso yapadera yomwe idapezeka zaka zopitilira 70 zapitazo. Malinga ndi magwero ena, mbewa yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi mtundu wa chijasi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Makoswe amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound, ndipo mtima wa mbewa yotere umamenya pafupipafupi 300-500 kumenyedwa pamphindi.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Makoswe, omwe ali nthumwi zofala za banja la mbewa, adawoneka ngati mtundu wakale anthu asanakhalepo. Oimira mtundu wambiri wa Khoswe amakhala kulikonse. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezeka mdera la Europe, amakhala m'maiko a Asia, South ndi North America, amakhala ku Oceania ndi Australia, ku New Guinea komanso kuzilumba za Malay Archipelago.
Komabe, makoswe oterewa sangawoneke mochuluka m'magulu ozungulira komanso ozizira. M'madera apakati pa Russia, pali mitundu ingapo yamakoswe: imvi ndi yakuda. Ngati ndi kotheka, pasanathe tsiku, khoswe wamkulu amatha kuthana ndi mtunda waukulu, mpaka makilomita makumi asanu.
Khosweyo amatha kuzolowera zovuta, zovuta kupirira, kotero amatha kupezeka ngakhale m'malo osiyidwa asayansi ku Antarctica.
Zakudya zamphongo
Makoswe ali m'gulu la makoswe omnivorous, koma zakudya zamtundu uliwonse zimadalira momwe malo amakhalira, komanso moyo. Khoswe aliyense, pafupifupi, amadya loko wa 20-25 g patsiku, koma njala ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa makoswe, chifukwa chake, atatha masiku atatu akumenyedwa ndi njala, nyama, amafa. Kusowa kwa madzi kumakhudza makoswewo moipa kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 25-35 ml patsiku.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti makoswe amvi amasinthidwa kuti azidya chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, chifukwa chake, makoswe otere amafunikira chakudya cha nyama. Komabe, makoswe otuwa pafupifupi samasunga chakudya. Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha makoswe akuda chimayimiriridwa makamaka ndi zakudya zazomera:
- mtedza;
- mabokosi;
- dzinthu;
- zipatso zosiyanasiyana;
- chomera chobiriwira.
Pafupi kwambiri ndi malo okhala anthu, makoswe amatha kudya chakudya chilichonse chomwe chilipo. Makoswe omwe amakhala kutali ndi anthu amadya timakoswe tating'onoting'ono, ma molluscs ndi amphibiya, kuphatikizapo achule, zitsamba, ndi newt, komanso amadya mazira a mbalame kapena anapiye. Okhala m'mbali mwa nyanja amadya zinyalala, nthumwi za nyama zam'madzi ndi zomera zimaponyedwa kumtunda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale khoswe wanjala samadya konse. Makoswe oterewa amakhala ndi thanzi labwino.
Kubereka ndi ana
Makoswe amtundu uliwonse amaberekanso mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Makoswe oterewa amafika msinkhu wakutha msinkhu, ndipo amaswa ana awo kwakanthawi kochepa. Mwa mkazi wokhwima, estrus imachitika masiku asanu aliwonse mchaka chonse, kupatula gawo la bere.
Mkazi aliyense wamkulu amatha kubala ana oposa khumi ndi anayi chaka chimodzi. Nthawi yakuyimilira mwa oimira dongosolo la Makoswe ndi banja la Mbewa imatha masiku 21-23. Ali ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka, akazi mwachilengedwe amayandikira msambo, kotero kuti kuzungulira kumayamba kusakhazikika, kenako kumatha.
Mwana asanabadwe asanabadwe, mayi woyembekezera amayamba kukonzekera chisa cha ana ake. Malo omwe adasankhidwa kale amakhala ndi udzu wofewa. Nthawi zambiri amakumba dzenje latsopano, lomwe mkaziyo amakula ndikusamalira mwapadera. Pali nthawi zina pamene chisa chokonzedwa chimakhala ndi chakudya chomwe chimatha kupereka chakudya kwa mkazi masiku angapo atabereka.
Kutengera mtundu wa mbewa, kuchuluka kwa ana onse obadwa mu zinyalala m'modzi kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu asanu ndi atatu mpaka khumi ndi asanu. Makoswe amakanda amabadwa amaliseche komanso akhungu, okhala ndi ngalande zotsekedwa kwathunthu komanso makina osakwanira bwino a thermoregulation.
Ana akhoswe akhanda sangathenso kuchotsa palokha zakudya zilizonse zomwe zakonzedwa mthupi lawo, chifukwa chake chachikazi amayenera kunyambita mimba zawo nawo. Ntchitoyi imathandizira kwambiri njira zonse zamagetsi. Zitsamba zimadya mkaka, mafuta omwe amafikira 9%. Kulephera kudya kumawonetsedwa pakati pa makoswe, chifukwa chake amayi nthawi zonse amadya ana akufa kapena osadziwika, ndipo abambo osasamala nthawi zambiri amawononga ana onse.
Ndizosangalatsa! Makoswe am'nyumba (Rattus norvegicus) amatha kukwatirana ngakhale ndi makoswe akuda (Rattus rattus), koma anawo samakhalabe ndi moyo, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala kukana mazira ndi thupi la amayi kapena kubadwa kwa ana akufa.
Mu kanthawi kochepa chabe, matupi a makoswe amakutidwa ndi ubweya, ndipo pafupifupi sabata limodzi atabadwa, maso ndi makutu a anawo amatseguka. Ma incisors oyamba mwa makanda amapezeka pafupifupi tsiku lachisanu ndi chinayi. Ana a masabata atatu amatha kuyendayenda ndikukafufuza malowo patokha. Ana amphaka amwezi amakhala atakonzeka moyo wodziyimira pawokha, koma pofika zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zokha amakhala ndi kukula kwa munthu wamkulu.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe amphaka ndi agalu oweta komanso amphaka komanso amphaka, ma ferrets, nkhandwe, nkhumba, ma hedgehogs, komanso mbalame zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kadzidzi, kadzidzi, chiwombankhanga, kabawi ndi mphamba ndi mbalame zina zikuluzikulu zolusa. M'mayiko ena, makoswe amadyedwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kwa zaka zana zapitazi, gawo logawira makoswe akuda latsika kwambiri ndikugawika kwambiri. Zimavomerezedwa kuti mbewa zakuda zikulowedwa m'malo ndi Pasyuk yemwe ndi wolimba komanso wolimba. Komabe, mbewa zakutchire siziposa anthu, chifukwa pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri komanso zothandiza kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewa ziziyang'aniridwa mwamphamvu.
Ndi oyang'anira makoswe, kuchuluka kwa nyama zoterezi kumachepetsedwa chifukwa chosowa chakudya komanso malo ogona. Mwazina, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumayendetsedwa ndi matenda komanso ena odyetsa.
Mitundu yambiri yamakoswe pakadali pano siili pachiwopsezo. Gulu la mitundu yosawerengeka komanso yotetezedwa limaphatikizapo mbewa Yamadzi Abodza (Xeromys myoides Thomas). Kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosawerengeka komanso yophunziridwa bwino kumadalira kukula kwa malo okhala makoswe ndi anthu.
Khoswe Wam'madzi amakhala m'gulu la nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Mitundu yosowa imeneyi yomwe ili mdera laling'ono imayimiriridwa ndi anthu zikwi ziwiri omwe amakhala ku Franklin Island. Amakhulupirira kuti kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndi moto kumatha kuyambitsa kuchepa kwa makoswe a kangaroo, omwe adadziwika ndi dzina lachilendo kuchokera ku khoswe wa kangaroo musk.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Anthu akhala akumenya nkhondo yawo ndi mbewa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kulimbana koteroko kudakwanitsa kupeza dzina lapadera - kufotokozera. Komabe, kum'mawa, makoswe amaimira nzeru ndi chuma, chonde ndi chitukuko, chifukwa chake chithunzi cha mbewa m'maiko otere ndichabwino. M'madera akumadzulo, oimira banja la mbewa amachitidwa monyansidwa komanso kusamala. Kuti apange chithunzi cholakwika kwambiri, anthu anali ndi zokwanira kukumbukira miliri ingapo yama mliri yokhudzana ndi khoswe, wonyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndizosangalatsa!Makoswe a Synanthropic amawononga chuma kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu ndi chifukwa chakudya ndikuwononga chakudya ndi zinthu zopanda chakudya, kuwonongeka kwamagetsi amagetsi, omwe amayambitsa moto wambiri.
Komanso, mitundu ina ya makoswe imawononga kwambiri ntchito zaulimi. Makoswe nthawi zambiri amadya mbewu. Zotsatira zake, njira zingapo zolimbirana tsopano zakonzedwa ndikupitilizabe kupangidwa, kuphatikiza kuwopseza ndikuwononga. Makoswe ndi amodzi mwa malo owopsa achilengedwe a matenda ambiri a anthropozoonotic ndi zoonotic.
Makoswe oterewa amakhala ndi zinthu zoopsa za tularemia, mliri, matenda a chiwewe, toxoplasmosis, typhoid, leptospirosis, komanso rickettsioses, sodoku ndi matenda ena ambiri owopsa kwa anthu ndi ziweto. Zosavomerezeka kwa anthu, oimira banja la Mbewa amatha kulowa m'makona obisika kwambiri a nyumba ya anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi amdima ndi mpweya wabwino.
Ambiri amavomereza kuti ndizosatheka kuwononga makoswe aliwonse, kuphatikiza makoswe, zana limodzi peresenti.... Kotala la zaka zana zapitazo, njira zazikulu zowachotsera zidayambitsidwa, ndipo kuchuluka koyenera kwamalo omwe amamasulidwa ku makoswe kunawonetsedwa:
- 80% - zotsatira zake ndizokhutiritsa;
- 90% - zotsatira zake ndi zabwino;
- 95% - zotsatira zake ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, cholinga chachikulu chobwezeretsa ndikukhazikitsa ndikusunga zisonyezo zamtundu wovomerezeka wa kuchuluka kwa makoswe, pomwe sipadzakhala madandaulo kuchokera kwa anthu.
