Bandicots (Bandicota) ndi nthumwi zambiri zamagulu amakoswe ndi mbewa zapadziko lapansi. Dzinalo la zinyama zotere zimamasuliridwa kuti "khoswe-nkhumba" kapena "khoswe wa nkhumba".
Kufotokozera kwa bandicoots
Ma bandicoots onse ndi mbewa zazikulu. Kutalika kwakutali kwa nyama yayikulu ya makoswe kumafikira 35-40 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kupitilira kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Mchira wa nyama ndi wautali mokwanira, wofanana kukula kwa thupi. Maonekedwe a bandicoots amadziwika kwambiri ndi onse oimira banja la Mbewa, koma dera lamphuno la nyamayo ndilotambalala komanso lokulirapo. Mtunduwo umakhala wakuda, wokhala ndi mthunzi wowala m'mimba.
Maonekedwe
Kusiyanasiyana kwina kwa mawonekedwe akunja a bandicoot kumachitika kokha chifukwa cha mtundu wina wa makoswe am'mayi:
- Indian bandicoot - mmodzi wa oimira waukulu mbewa banja. Kutalika kwa thupi, kupatula mchira, nthawi zambiri kumafika masentimita 40, ndikulemera kwa thupi kwa 600-1100 g. Mtundu wa nyama yonseyo ndi wamdima, kuyambira pakumveka kofiirira komanso kofiirira mpaka pafupifupi wakuda. Pansi pake thupi ndi lopepuka, loyera. Miyendo yakutsogolo ili ndi zikhadabo zazitali komanso zamphamvu. Ma incisors ndi achikaso kapena lalanje. Chovalacho chimakhala chokulirapo komanso chachitali, kupatsa nyamayo mawonekedwe owoneka ngati owuma;
- Chibengali, kapena bandicoot yaying'ono ali ndi kufanana kwina ndi mitundu ina ya bandicoot, ali ndi mtundu wakuda wofiirira. Chovalacho ndi chachitali, koma chochepa. Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 15-23 cm, ndi mchira kutalika kwa masentimita 13-18. Kulemera kwa nthumwi za mtunduwu kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi kulemera kwa ma bandicoots ena akuluakulu ndipo pafupifupi 180-200 g. Kwa makoswe oterewa, machitidwe owopsa komanso achangu omwe amakhala achilendo kubangula kosasangalatsa;
- Chibama, kapena Myanmar bandicoot Si yayikulu kwambiri kukula kwake, motero nyama zazikulu zotere zimatha kusokonezedwa mosavuta ndi achinyamata - oyimira bandicoot yaku India. Mbeu yamphongo imakhala ndi thupi lokulirapo, kamangidwe kokhala kothinana, kotchinga komanso kotakata mwamphamvu kwambiri kokhala ndi makutu ozungulira omwewo. Chovalacho ndi chachitali komanso chosalala, koma ndi chochepa. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda, wakuda-bulauni. Mchira ndi wautali, wamtundu wokhotakhota, wokhala ndi mphete yopepuka kumunsi. Ma incisors ndi achikasu achikasu.
Ngakhale kufalikira kwakukulu komanso kuyandikira kwa anthu, ma bandicoots onse sanaphunzirebe bwino mpaka posachedwa, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe awo tsopano ndi funso lalikulu kwambiri. Ali wokondwa kwambiri, mwana wamwamuna wamkulu wa ku Bengal amakweza tsitsi lake lonse lalitali kumbuyo kwake, komanso amatulutsa phokoso losalala, koma lomveka bwino.
Moyo, machitidwe
M'madera momwe muli achifwamba ambiri, dera lonselo limakumbidwa ndi mabowo awo ambiri. Ngakhale kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwa oimira mtundu wa makoswe ndi mbewa zazing'onozo ku biotope ya anthropogenic, zinyama za bandicoots zimakonda kupanga maenje okha, koma kunja kwa nyumba za anthu.
Nthawi zambiri, ma burrows amapezeka pansi, ndipo pokonzekera, monga lamulo, amagwiritsa ntchito zipilala kapena milu yosiyanasiyana, komanso magawo akulu azadothi m'minda ya mpunga.
Mwachitsanzo, maenje a Indian bandicoot ndi akuya kwambiri, okhala ndi zipinda zingapo zingapo nthawi imodzi, zopangidwa kuti azisunga chisa ndikusungira chakudya, kuphatikiza mbewu, mtedza ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'modzi yekha kapena wamkazi wamkulu wokhala ndi ana ake amakhala mumtsinje uliwonse. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti bandikot azikhala mwachindunji mnyumbamo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Indian bandicoot, pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ndi mitundu yaying'ono ya bandicoot, ndi m'gulu la nyama zomwe zimayenda usiku, chifukwa chake zimagwira ntchito mumdima wokha.
Ku Thailand, mwachitsanzo, m'malo ambiri amphesa omwe amalima, ndi 4.0-4.5% yokha ya ma burrows omwe aphunziridwa omwe amakhala mkati mokhalamo anthu, ndipo osapitilira 20-21% ya ma burrows a makoswe omwe ali pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu.
Kodi bandicoot imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Kumtchire, Indian Bandicoot ndi obadwa nawo, oimira mitundu ina yamtundu wama mbewa ndi mbewa zochepa amakhala zaka chimodzi ndi theka kapena kupitirirapo.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Poganizira zosakwanira, sikutheka kutsimikizira kukhalapo kapena kupezeka kwathunthu kwa zizindikilo zilizonse zakudziwika kwakugonana mwa nyama za bandicoot za mtundu wa Makoswe ndi mbewa zapabanja, sizotheka.
Mitundu ya bandicoots
Pakadali pano pali mitundu itatu yokha:
- Indian bandicoot (Bandicota indica);
- Bengal bandicoot (Bandicota bengalensis);
- Bandicoot yaku Burma (Bandicota savilei).
Ndizosangalatsa! Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina yemwe adachitika m'zaka zapakati pa 90s m'zaka zapitazi, Indian bandicoot ndi phylogenetically yoyandikira kwambiri kwa omwe amayimira mtundu wa makoswe a Lamellar (Nesokia) kuposa mitundu ina yonse ya bandicoot.
Mpaka posachedwa, ofufuza sanathe kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ubale wapakati pawo komanso ndi ena oimira pafupi mtundu wa Makoswe ndi banja la Mbewa.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mitundu ndi malo okhala ma bandicoots ndiosiyanasiyana. M'madera omwe amagawidwa, mtundu uliwonse wa mbewa yamtunduwu, nthawi zambiri imakhala limodzi kapena mitundu ingapo ya bandicoot. Nyama zoterezi zimakonda kupezeka makamaka kumadera akumwera chakum'mawa ndi Central Asia, kuphatikizapo:
- China;
- India;
- Nepal;
- Myanmar;
- Sri Lanka
- Indonesia;
- Laos;
- Malaysia;
- Thailand;
- Taiwan;
- Vietnam.
Malo achilengedwe a Indian Bandicoot ndi malo achinyezi, komanso madera omwe ali madera ochepa.... Chowona kuti bandicoot yaku India imasambira mokwanira, koma sichikwera pamwamba pa 1.5 zikwi mita pamwamba pa nyanja, zikuwonetsanso. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kumpoto kwa Thailand, zigoba zankhondo zaku India ndizofala kwambiri m'malo okhala ndi mpunga wamphesa womwe umadutsa m'minda yayikulu ya chimanga.
Ndizosangalatsa! Indian bandicoot idayambitsidwa kudera la Malay Archipelago, kumadera ena a kumtunda kwa Malaysia, komanso Taiwan, komwe idakwanitsa kuchulukana mwamphamvu, ndikukhala ochulukirapo.
Oimira tibanja ting'onoting'ono tomwe ndimakonda kwambiri pakati pa mbewa ponseponse, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo okhala anthu ochepa. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwachisamba kwambiri, anthu onse akuchira mwachangu, chifukwa chake, makoswe oterewa amakhala ambiri.
Zakudya za bandicoot
Bandicoots nthawi zambiri amakhala makoswe omnivorous. Pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, zinyama zotere zimadyetsa zinyalala zosiyanasiyana, komanso zimadya kwambiri mitundu yonse yazakudya zamasamba.
Ndizosangalatsa! Khanda lankhalamba lachikulire lomwe lili mkati mwa khola lomwe limadzipangira lokha limakhala ndi chipinda chosungitsira chakudya, momwe makilogalamu angapo azipatso ndi tirigu amatha kukwana.
Nyama zazing'ono zotere zimakonda mbewu monga chimanga ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri akunja ndi akunja, oimira akuluakulu amitundu ya Indian bandicoot, ngati kuli kotheka, nthawi ndi nthawi, amatha kuthana ndi nkhuku zomwe sizokulirapo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ponena za kubereka kwa bandicoot yamtundu uliwonse ndi zazing'ono, zimadziwika kokha kuti akazi nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zinyalala zisanu ndi zitatu pasanathe chaka chimodzi. Mu zinyalala zilizonse zotere, pali ana kuyambira eyiti mpaka khumi ndi zinayi.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Hamster Brandt
- Jerboas
- Gerbil
- Malo ogona a nkhalango
Bandicoots amabadwa akhungu, komanso opanda tsitsi. Mzimayi amakhala ndi mapaipi asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi anayi amchere, mothandizidwa ndi anawo kwakanthawi. Oimira mtundu wamakoswe ndi mbewa zazing'ono amakula msinkhu kufikira miyezi iwiri yokha.
Adani achilengedwe
Ngakhale kuti ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, ma Bandicoots nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndikudya, ndipo nyama ya nyamazi yatchuka kwambiri m'maiko ena akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Nyama zoterezi ndizofalitsa pafupipafupi komanso mwachangu matenda opatsirana omwe ali owopsa pamoyo ndi thanzi la ziweto ndi anthu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kafukufuku wambiri wa minda ya chinanazi kumpoto kwa Thailand akuwonetsa kuti mwa mitundu itatu ya tizirombo ta makoswe tomwe timapezeka, anthu onse ku bandicoot aku Burma amakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi.
Nthawi zambiri ma bandicoots amasakidwa kuti angosangalala.... Bandicoot nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, choncho makoswe amadzulo amatha chifukwa cha misampha yapadera kapena nyambo zapoizoni.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
M'magawo onse ogawa, ma bandicoots pakadali pano ndi ochulukirapo, chifukwa chake ali pachiwopsezo.
