Osati kale kwambiri, kutsatira panda wofiira, alendo adapeza chinthu chatsopano choti azipembedza - binturong, mphaka woseketsa kapena bere marten. Ndizachilendo bwanji osakhala nkhumba ya chimbalangondo: ikukwawa m'mitengo, Binturongs nthawi zambiri imang'ung'udza.
Kufotokozera kwa binturong
Nyama yomwe ili ndi dzina lachilatini lotchedwa Arctictis binturong imayimira ma civerrids, osati ma raccoon, monga momwe amalingalira kale, ndipo ndi mtundu wokhawo wa mtundu wa Arctictis (binturongs). Dzina loti "chimbalangondo cha mphaka" limaperekedwa chifukwa cha mphalapala komanso zikhalidwe za mphaka, zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ndi chimbalangondo (kupumula ndi phazi lathunthu pansi).
Maonekedwe
Binturong, yolemera makilogalamu 10 mpaka 20, wofanana ndi galu wamkulu... Chinyama chachikulire chimakula mpaka mamita 0.6-1, ndipo izi sizilingalira mchira, womwe ndi wofanana m'litali ndi thupi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mchira wandiweyani wolimba wokhala ndi nsonga yogwira ndi gawo lodabwitsa kwambiri la thupi la mphaka ndipo, mwendo wake wachisanu (kapena dzanja?) Ndi kinkajou okha omwe amakhala ku America omwe ali ndi mchira wofanana. Binturong ndiye yekhayo amene amadyera nyama ku Old World.
Tsitsi lalitali kwambiri komanso lolimba kwambiri limamera pamchira wa binturong (wopepuka kumunsi), ndipo mwinjiro wake wonse ndiwokhwimitsa, wotsitsimuka komanso wochuluka. Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso lowala, makamaka la makala amoto, osungunuka ndi imvi (zomwe galu anthu amazitcha "mchere ndi tsabola"). Palinso anthu amdima wakuda omwe amasakanikirana ndi tsitsi loyera, koma loyera kapena lotuwa.
Thupi lotalikalo limabzalidwa pamiyendo yayifupi ndi mapazi akuluakulu asanu. Mitu yayikulu imagundika pamphuno yakuda, mwa njira, kukumbukira kwambiri galu - lobe yake imangokhala yozizira komanso yonyowa. Koposa zonse, mtundu wa "mchere ndi tsabola" umafotokozedwa pamutu ndi pakamwa: vibrissae yolimba, komanso mbali zakunja za auricles ndi nsidze, zimakonkhedwa kwambiri ndi "mchere" woyera.
Binturong ili ndi maso ozungulira, ofiira amdima okhala ndi cilia wamfupipafupi ndi mano 40 okhala ndi mano a canine a 1.5-sentimita. Mphaka ali ndi makutu owoneka bwino, ozungulira, pamwamba pake ngayaye tsitsi lalitali limakula. Kuwona ndi kumva kwa Binturong sizabwino monga kumva kununkhira ndikukhudza. Nyamayo imanunkhiza mosamala chinthu chilichonse chatsopano, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito kamvekedwe kake kaatali kuti ikakhudze.
Moyo, machitidwe
Binturong ndi chilombo choyenda usiku, koma kuyandikira kwa anthu kumamuphunzitsa kuti azikhala wokangalika masana. Catfish imakonda kusungulumwa, imangotembenukira kokha kuti ibereke: pakadali pano imapanga awiriawiri ndipo imagwirizana m'magulu akulu, komwe mkazi amatsogolera. Mphaka chimbalangondo amakhala mumitengo, yomwe imathandizidwa kwambiri ndimatupi aminyewa / mafupa a lamba wamapewa, omwe amachititsa kuyendetsa miyendo yakutsogolo.
Zofunika! Miyendo imakonzedwanso m'njira yosangalatsa: yakutsogolo imasinthidwa kukumba, kukwera, kugwira ndi kutsegula zipatso, ndipo kumbuyo kumakhala ngati chothandizira ndi balancer mukakweza.
Mukakwera kapena kuyendayenda pa nthambi, binturong imagwiritsa ntchito zala zonse zakutsogolo (popanda kutsutsa), mosiyana ndi zala zakumbuyo. Mphaka amatha kubwerera kumbuyo mapazi ake (monga lamulo, akamapita pansi) kuti agwiritsitse thunthu ndi zikhadabo zake.
Kukwera mwaulere kumaperekedwanso chifukwa cha mchira wa prehensile, womwe umapangitsa kuti binturong ikukwawa pang'onopang'ono pamtengo ndi nthambi (osangolumpha ngati ma viverrids ena). Kutsikira pansi, chilombocho sichikufulumira, koma chimakhala chovuta mosayembekezeka, chimadzipeza m'madzi, momwe imawonetsera luso losambira komanso losambira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chinsinsi chamafuta (civet) chimachokera kumatenda a endocrine, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zonunkhira kuti izi zitheke kununkhira kwa zonunkhira ndi zonunkhiritsa. Lingaliro loti chinsinsi cha binturong chimanunkhira ngati mbuluuli wokazinga zimawoneka ngati zotsutsana.
Kumtchire, zokometsera zonunkhira (zomwe zimasiyidwa ndi amuna ndi akazi) zimakhala zodziwikiratu, kuwuza amuna amtundu anzawo za msinkhu wa Binturong, jenda komanso kukonzeka kukwatira. Polemba nthambi zowongoka, nyama imakanikizira ma gland ake kumatako, ndikukoka thupi. Nthambi zojambulidwa zimadziwika mosiyana - chinyama chagona kumbuyo kwake, chimakwirira nthambiyo ndi zikoko zakutsogolo ndikudzikoka, ndikuyikakamiza pamatope.
Amuna amathanso kulemba gawo lawo ndi mkodzo, kunyowetsa zala zawo / mchira wawo, kenako ndikukwera mtengo... Nyama zimakhala ndi phokoso lokwanira, lomwe, limodzi ndi kulira kwamphongo, kumaphatikizapo kulira, kulira komanso kubangula kosakhala abwenzi. Mboni zikuwonetsetsa kuti pakati pa moyo wokhutira ndi moyo kumatha kuseka, ndipo wokwiya amatha kufuula mokweza.
Kodi Binturongs amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Mwachilengedwe, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 10, koma zimawonjezera nthawi yakukhala padziko lapansi kawiri mpaka 2,5.5 akangogwera m'manja abwino - kwa eni nyumba kapena kumalo osungira nyama. Amadziwika kuti Binturongs amasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama ku Berlin, Dortmund, Duisburg, Malacca, Seoul ndi Sydney. M'malo osungira nyama ku Thailand, amphaka aphunzira kujambula kutsogolo kwa kamera ndikulimbana ndi zithunzi zazitali, kulola kuzisita ndikufinya kwa maola ambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nyamazi zimakhala pamanja, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakwera khosi ndi mapewa a alendo, ndipo sizimakana kukalandira chithandizo. Alendo amadyetsa amphaka ndi nthochi ndi maswiti (marshmallows, muffins, ma pie okoma ndi ma milkshake).
Zakudya zam'madzi zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa magazi m'magazi, ndichifukwa chake nyama zimayamba kudumphadumpha ndikuthamanga, komabe, mukangomanganso (nthawi zambiri ikatha ola limodzi), amagona pomwepo.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Mwa mkazi wokhwima, ma peyala awiri amabele amadziwika bwino. Komanso akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa amuna ndipo amakhala ndi nkhono yaikulu yonga mbolo. Mbali imeneyi ya maliseche achikazi ndi chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka nkongo, kamene kali ndi mafupa. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe azakugonana amatha kutsatiridwa ndi utoto - akazi nthawi zina amakhala owoneka bwino kuposa amuna (osakhala akuda kwambiri ngati imvi).
Binturong subspecies
Kutengera njirayi, pali 9 kapena 6 subspecies Arctictis binturong... Nthawi zambiri amalankhula za sikisi, popeza ena mwa magawo ang'onoang'ono, mwachitsanzo, A. b. kerkhoveni wochokera ku Indonesia ndi A. azungu ochokera ku Philippines (Palawan Island group) ali ndi mitsinje yopapatiza kwambiri.
Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yodziwika bwino ya binturong ndi:
- A. binturong albifrons;
- A. kuyimana kuyimba;
- A. binturong menglaensis;
- A. binturong kerkhoveni;
- A. binturong woyera;
- A. binturong penicillatus.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Binturong amakhala ku Southeast Asia. Apa mulingo wake umayambira ku India kupita kuzilumba za Indonesia ndi Philippines.
Mayiko omwe binturong amapezeka:
- Bangladesh ndi Bhutan;
- China, Cambodia ndi India;
- Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan ndi Sumatra);
- Republic la Lao;
- Malaysia (Malacca Peninsula, Sabah ndi Sarawak);
- Myanmar, Philippines ndi Nepal;
- Thailand ndi Vietnam.
Ma Binturong amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira.
Zakudya za Binturong
Mphaka amakhala ndi menyu osazolowereka, ngati mukukumbukira kuti ndi amphaka: ali ndi masamba 70% ndipo ndi 30% yokha ya mapuloteni azinyama.
Zowona, zakudya za Binturong zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yowonjezereka, yomwe imafotokozedwa ndi luso lawo lapadziko lonse - nyama zimakwera mitengo, zimayenda pamtunda, zimasambira ndikudumphira modabwitsa. Binturongs nthawi zambiri amadula mbale yomwe amakonda, zipatso, osati ndi mapazi awo, koma ndi mchira wawo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Tizilombo, achule, nsomba, molluscs, crustaceans ngakhale nyama zonyansa ndiomwe amapereka ma protein azinyama. Binturongs amawononga zisa za mbalame pakudya mazira ndi anapiye.
Ali ndi njala, amatha kulowa m'nyumba za anthu, koma anthu sawukiridwa. Mu ukapolo, kuchuluka kwa mbeu kuzinyama kumakhalabe kofanana: mndandanda wonsewo umakhala ndi zipatso zotsekemera monga nthochi, mapichesi ndi yamatcheri. Akasungidwa kumalo osungira nyama ndi kunyumba, Binturong amapatsidwa mazira a zinziri zomwe amakonda, komanso timapepala ta nkhuku / nkhuku ndi nsomba. Musaiwale kuti amphaka ndi nyama, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangapereke phala la mkaka.
Kubereka ndi ana
Malungo achikondi amasunga Binturongs chaka chonse, kupitilira nyengo... Kugonana kumayambitsidwapo masewera apachisangalalo aphokoso ndi kuthamanga ndi kudumpha. Pogonana, mkaziyo amakumbatira thupi la mnzakeyo, ndikukanikiza mchira wake kumunsi kwa mchira wake. Asanabereke, mkazi amakonzekeretsa chisa chake pamalo otetezedwa bwino kwa adani, nthawi zambiri mumabowo. Mimba imatenga masiku 84-99, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ana obadwa kumachitika mu Januware - Epulo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mzimayi amabereka 1 mpaka 6 (pa avareji, awiri) ana osamva osawona, iliyonse imalemera mopitilira 300 g. Ana ongobadwa kumene amatha kuzungulirazungulira ndikung'ung'udza, ndipo pambuyo pa ola limodzi amamatira pabere la mayi.
Pakatha masabata 2-3, anawo ayamba kuwona bwino ndipo atha kutuluka mchisa, limodzi ndi mayi. Pakadutsa masabata 6-8, amalemera makilogalamu awiri: panthawiyi, mayi amasiya kuyamwa, ndipo amayamba kudyetsa anawo ndi chakudya chotafuna.
Mwa njira, wamkazi wa Binturong samathamangitsa wamwamuna atabereka (zomwe sizomwe zimachitika ma viverrids), ndipo amamuthandiza kusamalira ana. Pochoka pachisa, akazi ena amalemba chizindikiro ana awo. Kubereka kwazimayi kumachitika miyezi 30, mwa amuna koyambirira - miyezi 28. Ntchito zoberekera oimira mitunduyo zimapitilira zaka 15.
Adani achilengedwe
Monga ma wyverrs ambiri, ma binturong, makamaka achichepere ndi ofooka, amawopsezedwa ndi adani / nthenga zazikulu:
- akambuku;
- akambuku;
- nyamazi;
- nkhwangwa;
- ng'ona;
- agalu olusa;
- njoka.
Koma wamkulu Binturong amatha kudziyimira pawokha. Mukamuyendetsa pakona, amakhala woopsa kwambiri ndipo amaluma kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Arctictis binturong adaphatikizidwa ndi International Red List of Vulnerable status ndipo ili mu Zowonjezera III za Msonkhano wa CITES. Mitunduyi imadziwika kuti ndi yotetezeka chifukwa chakuchepa kwa 30% kwa anthu pazaka 18 zapitazi. Zowopsa zazikulu ndikuwononga malo (kudula mitengo mwachisawawa), kusaka ndi kugulitsa. Malo okhala a Binturong akusintha cholinga chawo, mwachitsanzo, amasandulika minda yamagwalangwa yamafuta.
Kumpoto kwamtunduwu (kumpoto chakumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi China), kusaka kosalamulirika ndi malonda a binturong kumachitika... Komanso kumpoto, kuphatikiza za. Borneo, kuli kutayika kwa nkhalango. Ku Philippines, nyama zimagwidwa zamoyo kuti zigulitsidwe kwina, chifukwa chomwecho zimasakidwa ku Vientiane.
Ku Republic of Lao, ma binturong amagulitsidwa ngati okhala m'malo osungira anzawo ndi malo ogulitsira ndege, ndipo m'malo ena a Lao PDR, nyama yamphaka imadziwika kuti ndi yabwino. Ku Vietnam, nyama zimagulidwa kuti zisungidwe m'nyumba ndi m'mahotelo, komanso kuphera, kulandira nyama m'malo odyera ndi ziwalo zamkati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Binturong pakadali pano ikutetezedwa ndi malamulo m'maiko angapo. Ku India, mitunduyi yaphatikizidwa mu CITES Zowonjezera III kuyambira 1989 ndipo yatchulidwa mu Chinese Red Book kuti ili pachiwopsezo.
Kuphatikiza apo, Binturong adalembedwera pa Wildlife / Protection Act of India Ndandanda I, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizotetezedwa kwambiri pamitundu yonse. Arctictis binturong amatetezedwa ku Thailand, Malaysia ndi Vietnam. Ku Borneo, mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Gawo II la Sabah Wildlife Conservation Act (1997), lomwe limalola kusaka binturong ndi layisensi.
Nyama ndizotetezedwa mwalamulo ku Bangladesh chifukwa cha Wildlife Protection Act (2012). Tsoka ilo, olamulira ku Brunei sanapereke lamulo limodzi lokhazikika lomwe mabungwe amitundu yonse akuyesetsa kuteteza Binturong.
