Coho saumoni ndi imodzi mwamadzi abwino kwambiri ogulitsa nsomba ku Pacific Northwest. Nsomba za Coho ndizofunika kwambiri ndi asodzi chifukwa cha kusodza kosavuta komanso kopindulitsa, komanso nyama yokoma.
Kufotokozera kwa coho saumoni
Iyi ndi nsomba yomwe imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yakunyanja, ndipo imakonda madzi otentha amadzi.... Salimoni wa coho ali ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi mamembala ena a Pacific salmon. Anthu ang'onoang'ono omwe amanyamula ana amakhala ndi nkhama zoyera, malirime akuda komanso mawanga angapo kumbuyo. Pakati pa nyanja, matupi awo ndi osalala, kumbuyo kwake ndi chitsulo chamtambo, chowumbika mozungulira, chofewa pambuyo pake. Mchira wa squat wa coho saalm ndi wokulirapo m'munsi ndi mawanga amdima obalalika pamwamba, nthawi zambiri pamwamba. Mutu ndi waukulu, wowoneka bwino. Mukasamukira kumadzi am'nyanja, nsomba za coho zimakhala ndimano akuthwa.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kulemera kwakukulu kwa achikulire kumakhala pakati pa 1.9 mpaka 7 kilogalamu. Koma nsomba kunja kwa nkhalangoyi si zachilendo, makamaka ku Northern British Columbia ndi ku Alaska. Amuna ang'onoang'ono obala, masentimita 25 mpaka 35 kutalika, amadziwika kuti jacks.
Amabwerera ku mitsinje yamakolo awo chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomu kuposa achikulire ena. Kutengera ndi gawo la moyo, nsombazi zimasintha mawonekedwe awo. Pakubala, amuna akulu amakhala ndi mphuno yolumikizana, ndipo mtundu wamthupi umasinthiranso kukhala wofiira. Nkhunda yayikulu ili kumbuyo kwa mutu wa nsombayo, thupi limakhala lophwatalala kwambiri. Maonekedwe azimayi samakhala ocheperako, osawoneka pang'ono.
Maonekedwe
Coho salmon nthawi zambiri amatchedwa salmon ya siliva ndipo amakhala ndi mdima wabuluu kapena wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mbali za silvery komanso mimba yopepuka. Nsomba imakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a moyo wake m'nyanja. Munthawi imeneyi, ali ndi utoto wapadera wokhala ndi mawanga akuda kumbuyo ndi kumtunda kwa mchira. Mukamadutsa m'madzi abwino mukamabereka, thupi la nsombayo limakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, wofiira-burgundy mbali. Amuna obereketsa amakhala ndi mphuno yokhotakhota, yolumikizidwa ndipo amakulitsa mano awo.
Ana asanakwere kunyanja, amataya zithunzi za mikwingwirima yowongoka komanso mawanga othandiza kubisalanso m'madzi amchere. Mofananamo, amakhala ndi mdima wakumbuyo ndi wopepuka wamimba, wofunikira kubisala m'malo anyanja.
Moyo, machitidwe
Nsomba za nsomba za coho ndi woimira anadcomous wa nyama. Amabadwira m'madzi opanda madzi, amakhala chaka chimodzi m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje, kenako amasamukira kumalo am'madzi am'nyanja kukafunafuna chakudya chachitukuko. Mitundu ina imasuntha makilomita opitilira 1600 kuwoloka nyanja, pomwe ina imatsalira kunyanja pafupi ndi madzi oyera omwe adabadwiramo. Amatha pafupifupi chaka ndi theka akudya m'nyanja, kenako amabwerera kumalo osungira madzi amchere kuti akakhwime. Izi zimachitika nthawi yophukira kapena koyambirira kwachisanu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Imfa ya nsomba za coho silingaganizidwe pachabe. Akaberekana ndikufa, matupi awo amakhala ngati gwero la mphamvu ndi zopatsa thanzi m'thupi lamadzi. Mitembo yosiyidwa yawonetsedwa kuti ikuthandizira kukula ndi kupulumuka kwa nsomba zoswedwa mwa kuyambitsa mankhwala a nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous m'mitsinje.
Salmon wamkulu nthawi zambiri amalemera 3.5 mpaka 5.5 kilogalamu ndipo amakhala 61 mpaka 76 cm. Kukula msinkhu kumachitika pakati pa zaka zitatu ndi zinayi. Kumayambiriro kwa kutha msinkhu, nthawi yokwatirana ndi kubereka imafika. Mzimayi amakumba zisa pansi pamtsinje, pomwe amaikira mazira. Amawasakaniza kwa milungu 6-7, mpaka atabadwa mwachangu. Nsomba zonse za coho zimafa zitabereka. Mwachangu omwe angoswedwa kumene amakhalabe m'ming'alu yakuya ya mwalawo mpaka chikwama cha yolukacho chitengeke.
Kodi coho saalm amakhala bwanji?
Monga mitundu yonse ya nsomba za Pacific, nsomba za coho zimakhala ndi moyo wopatsa chidwi.... Nthawi yayitali imakhala zaka 3 mpaka 4, koma amuna ena amatha kufa zaka ziwiri. Amatuluka m'mazira kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, anawo amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwa chaka chimodzi asanasamuke kupita kunyanja. Amakhala panyanja kwa zaka ziwiri, zomwe zikukula mofulumira chaka chatha. Akakhwima, amatseka bwalolo ndikusunthira m'madzi awo achibadwidwe kuti akamaliza moyo wawo pobereka. Akamaliza kubereka, akuluakulu amafa ndi njala, ndipo mitembo yawo imakhala msana wazunguliro wa michere m'mbali mwa mitsinjeyo.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
M'mbuyomu, coho saumoni anali wofala komanso wochuluka m'malo ambiri amphepete mwa nyanja aku Central ndi Northern California, kuyambira ku Smith River kufupi ndi malire a Oregon mpaka ku San Lorenzo River, Santa Cruz County, pagombe laku California. Nsombazi zimapezeka ku North Pacific Ocean komanso m'mitsinje yambiri ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuchokera ku Alaska mpaka pakati pa California. Ku North America, ndizofala kwambiri m'mbali mwa nyanja kuchokera ku Southeast Alaska kupita ku Oregon chapakati. Pali zambiri ku Kamchatka, pang'ono kuzilumba za Commander. Kuchulukitsitsa kwa anthu kumakhala pagombe la Canada.
Ndizosangalatsa!M'zaka zaposachedwa, kugawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba za salmon kwatsika kwambiri. Ikupezekabe m'mitsinje yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo njira zambiri zoberekera zachepetsedwa kwambiri kukula kwake ndipo zachotsedwa m'malo ambiri.
Kummwera chakumtunda, nsomba za coho sapezeka pamiyala yonse ya San Francisco Bay komanso m'madzi ambiri kumwera kwa Bay. Izi zikuyenera kukhala chifukwa cha zovuta zakuchulukirachulukira kwamatauni komanso kusintha kwina kosasinthika pamadzi ndi malo okhala nsomba. Salimoni wa Coho nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mitsinje ing'onoing'ono yam'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso mitsinje ikuluikulu monga Klamath River system.
Zakudya zamchere za Coho
M'madzi amchere, nsomba za coho zimadya plankton ndi tizilombo. M'nyanja, amasintha ndikudya nsomba zazing'ono monga hering'i, gerbil, anchovies ndi sardine. Akuluakulu nawonso nthawi zambiri amadyetsa mitundu ina ya nsomba, makamaka pinki nsomba ndi chum nsomba. Mitundu ya nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa zimasiyana malinga ndi malo okhala komanso nthawi ya chaka.
Kubereka ndi ana
Salmon okhwima ogonana amalowa m'malo amadzi opanda mchere kuti abereke kuyambira Seputembara mpaka Januware.... Ulendowu ndi wautali kwambiri, nsombazi zimayenda makamaka usiku. M'mitsinje yayifupi yaku California, kusamuka nthawi zambiri kumayamba pakati pa Novembala ndikupitilira pakati pa Januware. Salimoni wa Coho amasunthira kumtunda kukagwa mvula yambiri, kuwulula mchenga womwe ungapangike kumtsinje wa mitsinje yambiri yaku California, koma imatha kulowa mumitsinje ikuluikulu.
Mumitsinje ya Klamath ndi Eel, kubereka nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu Novembala ndi Disembala. Amayi nthawi zambiri amasankha malo oberekera okhala ndi magawo oyambira mpaka abwino. Amakumba zisa mwa kutembenukira mbali yawo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe amphamvu, achangu, miyala imakakamizidwa kutuluka ndikunyamula kamtunda pang'ono kutsika. Kubwereza izi kumabweretsa kupsinjika kozungulira kokwanira okwanira wamkazi wamkulu. Mazira ndi milt (umuna) amatulutsidwa mchisa, komwe chifukwa cha hydrodynamics amakhalabe mpaka atabisika.
Pafupifupi mazira zana kapena kuposapo amaikidwa mu chisa chilichonse cha nsomba zachikazi. Mazira oberekedwawo amaikidwa m'miyala pomwe mkazi amakumba kupsinjika kwina kumtunda, kenako ndikubwereza. Kubzala kumatenga pafupifupi sabata imodzi, pomwe coho amaikira mazira okwanira 1,000 mpaka 3,000. Makhalidwe akakhalidwe ndi kapangidwe ka chisa nthawi zambiri kumapereka mpumulo wabwino wa mazira, mazira ndi kutaya zinyalala.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nthawi yosakaniza imakhudzana kwambiri ndi kutentha kwamadzi. Mazirawo amaswa pambuyo pa masiku 48 pa 9 degrees Celsius ndi masiku 38 pa 11 degrees Celsius. Ikatha kuthyola, mitengo ya silt imasintha.
Ili ndiye gawo losatetezeka kwambiri pamoyo wa nsomba za coho, pomwe zimatha kuyikidwa m'manda, kuzizira, kuphatikiza ndi kuyenda kwa miyala, kuyanika ndi kukhalapo kale. Alevins amakhalabe pakati pamiyala kwamasabata awiri kapena khumi mpaka matumba awo atengeke.
Pakadali pano, mitundu yawo imasintha kukhala yachangu kwambiri. Mitundu yachangu kuchokera ku siliva kupita ku mithunzi yagolide, yokhala ndi zilembo zazikulu, zowongoka, zowulungika ndi zakuda motsatira mzere wotsatira wa thupi. Ndizocheperako kuposa mipata yayikulu yomwe imawalekanitsa.
Adani achilengedwe
Chiwerengero cha nsomba za coho chimakumana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo zam'mlengalenga komanso nyengo, kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala chifukwa chakukonzekera kwamatauni komanso kumanga madamu. Kuwonongeka kwa madzi, chifukwa cha ntchito zaulimi ndi kudula mitengo, kumakhudzanso.
Ntchito yosamalira ndikuphatikizapo kuchotsa ndi kusintha madamu omwe amaletsa kusamuka kwa nsomba. Kubwezeretsa malo okhala owonongeka, kupeza malo okhala, kukonza kwamadzi ndi kayendedwe kake kukuchitika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa 2012 wa anthu aku Alaska adawonetsa deta pamwambapa... Udindo wa anthu a coho saalmon ku California ndi Pacific Northwest amasiyanasiyana. Kuyambira 2017, imodzi yokha mwa mitundu ingapo ya nsomba izi yatchulidwa mu Red Book ngati ili pangozi.
Zifukwa zochepetsera izi ndizokhudzana kwambiri ndi anthu ndipo ndizambiri komanso zolumikizana, koma zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- kutaya malo abwino okhala;
- kusodza nsomba mopitirira muyeso;
- nyengo monga nyanja ndi mvula yambiri.
Zochita zaumunthu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa ma salmonid zikuphatikiza kuwedza mopitilira muyeso masheya am'madzi ndikuwonongeka ndikuwonongeka kwa malo abwino amadzi amchere komanso malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja. Izi zachitika chifukwa chakusintha kwa chuma ndi nthaka ndi madzi zokhudzana ndi ulimi, nkhalango, migodi yamiyala, kutukuka m'mizinda, kupereka madzi ndi malamulo amitsinje.
Mtengo wamalonda
Coho salmon ndiwofunika kwambiri pamalonda am'nyanja ndi mitsinje. Nsombayi imakhala yachitatu mu graph yomwe ili ndi mafuta, patsogolo pa adani awiri okha - sockeye saumoni ndi chinook saumoni. Nsombazo zimakhala zachisanu, mchere, zakudya zamzitini zimakonzedwa kuchokera pamenepo. Komanso pamafakitale, mafuta ndi zinyalala amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ufa wa chakudya. Pali njira zambiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kugwira nsomba za coho. Maphunzirowa akhazikitsidwa ndipo amakoka maukonde, komanso kusodza. Njira zonsezi zili ndi maubwino awo ndipo zimapatsa chidwi kwa angler.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Nsomba nsomba
- Nsomba zochuluka
- Nsomba zam'madzi
- Nsomba za Mackerel
Zolemba zamadzi wamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira nsomba za coho zimaphatikizapo makapu, zokopa zamkuwa kapena zasiliva. Nyambo yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa anthu amaphatikizapo mazira ndi mavuvi.
