Nguluwe, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nkhumba zakutchire, kapena nkhumba zakutchire, boar, boar ndi ena, ndi am'banja la mammalian. Mawu akuti boar amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kutanthauza nkhumba yaimuna yoweta, yomwe ndi mbadwa za nguluwe.
Kufotokozera za nkhumba
Thupi la nkhumba zakutchire limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lodulira, lodulidwa, lakuda kapena lofiirira... Pamayimidwe oyima paphewa, kukula kwake kwa nyama kumafikira masentimita 90, ndiyokwera kwambiri. Nguluwe zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama zokonda kukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Kupatula achikulire omwe amalekana. Nyama izi ndizothamanga kwambiri, zamatsenga komanso zimasambira bwino. Nguluwe zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimakhala usiku. Amakhala ndi minyewa yakuthwa, ndipo ngakhale kuti nyamazi nthawi zambiri sizikhala zaukali, zitha kukhala zowopsa kwambiri. Kuukira nkhumba zakutchire kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa, ngakhale kupha kumene.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kugwira nkhumba zakutchire ndi bizinesi yolemekezeka komanso yowopsa kwambiri. M'madera ena ku Europe ndi India, imasakidwabe ndi agalu monga kale, koma mkondo wakalewu umasinthidwa ndi mfuti kapena mfuti ina.
Kuyambira kale, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zosaneneka, liwiro lake komanso nkhanza zake, nguluwe yakutchire ndi imodzi mwazinyama zomwe amakonda kwambiri posaka. Chisangalalo chonse chothamangitsa komanso nyama yopanda chikho, khungu ndi mutu wa nkhumba zakutchire, zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri kupangira nyama zolumikizidwa pakhoma, amayamikiridwa. Malo ogona osowa omwe amapezeka osakhala ndi nkhope yachisoni pakhoma. Ndipo nyama ya nguluwe amaonedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri pamasewerawa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ku Europe, nguluwe ndi imodzi mwazinyama zinayi zodziwika bwino zomwe zimathamangitsa nyama zomwe zidapezeka pazolemba za Richard III, King of England.
Maonekedwe
Nguluwe zakutchire ndi za banja la artiodactyl nkhumba, koma osati zoweta. Ngakhale zili ndiubwenzi wapamtima, nguluwe zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi nkhumba zoweta. Izi ndichifukwa cha momwe zinthu ziliri, chifukwa chake chilengedwe chapatsa nguruwe zabwino zina zodzitetezera komanso kupirira kupulumuka.
Nguluwe ili ndi thupi lalifupi komanso loluka kwambiri. Mapangidwe olimba komanso ataliatali amiyendo imalola kuti nyamayo izitha kuyenda mosavuta pamtunda wawutali m'malo ovuta. Mutu wa nguluwe umasinthidwanso pang'ono. Ili ndi mawonekedwe otalikirana kwambiri pamphuno. Makutu amaimilira pafupifupi kumutu kwenikweni. Komanso, mutu wa chilombochi uli ndi mwayi waukulu wopulumuka kuthengo - zibambo ziwiri zakuthwa zomwe zikukula.
Chovala cha nkhumba ndi chokulirapo. Ili ndi kusasunthika kwa ma bristles owuma, omwe amapanga nthawi ndi nthawi mtundu wa mane kumtunda, womwe umawoneka ngati nyama ili ndi mantha kapena ikukonzekera kuukira. Mtundu waubweya wokha umatha kusinthidwa kutengera dera lomwe nguruwe inayake imakhala. Ubweya umaperekedwa kwa nyama osati kungotenthetsa, komanso kubisala, ndipo izi zimachitikanso. Mtundu wa nguluwe zakutchire umasiyana ndi khwangwala wakuda mpaka bulauni yofiirira.
Kulowera kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo, thupi la boar limapita pocheperako. Kumbuyo kwake kuli ponytail yaying'ono, yopyapyala yodzaza ndi ngayaye za ubweya. Kutsogolo, theka lalikulu la thupi limapangidwa bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nguluwe zakutchire zisamangoyenda mtunda wautali, komanso kupitilira mdani pakufunafuna ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kutalika kwathunthu kwa thupi kumatha kufikira masentimita 180. Unyinji wa nyama yayikulu umafika makilogalamu zana mpaka mazana awiri, kutengera malo okhala, chakudya ndi mitundu. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kukula kwa kufota kwa anthu akuluakulu makamaka kumafika masentimita 1000 kutalika.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nguluwe ndizosavuta kupanga chiweto... Zomwe, zidachitikira ana akale kwambiri a nkhumba zathu zoweta, zodyetsedwa bwino komanso zosangalatsa. Amawonetsa zisonyezo zachikhalidwe, ndichifukwa chake amasonkhana mosavuta pagulu, kukhala m'magulu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kwenikweni, gulu lankhumba limakhala ndi gulu la akazi ndi ana awo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pali yamwamuna m'modzi mwa akazi atatu. Nguluwe zakale zimakonda kukhala padera; ali ndi zaka, amakhala ndi zida zankhondo ngati mbali yawo, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi pankhondo.
Amuna okha ndi omwe amateteza madera ndi ana. Koma nthawi yomweyo, musanyoze mkazi - mayi, pafupi ndi ana ake. Mzimayi, pafupi ndi anawo, ndi woopsa kwambiri pa nkhumba zakutchire, chifukwa amachitira nkhanza aliyense wobwera. Ngakhale mano ake ndi ofooka pang'ono, amatha kupondaponda mnzake, akumudalira ndi mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi lake ndi ziboda, ndikuvulaza kwambiri.
Kodi ma nguluwe amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Ziwerengero zapakati zikuwonetsa kuti kutalika kwa zaka zonse khumi ndi ziwiri mpaka khumi ndi zinayi. Ndizodabwitsa kuti nyamazi, mosiyana ndi zina zambiri, zimakhala ndi moyo wautali kuthengo. Zaka zawo zakufa pafupi zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri. Kukula msinkhu kwa nkhumba zakutchire kumayambira zaka chimodzi ndi theka. Kukwatana nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu Novembala-Disembala-Januware.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Nguluwe yaikazi ndi yotsika poyerekeza ndi yamphongo kukula kwake. Amakhalanso ndi mutu wawung'ono kwambiri komanso mayini ochepa.
Mitundu ya nguluwe
Kutengera malo okhala nguruwe zakutchire kapena nguluwe zakutchire, amagawika m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Awa ndi nthumwi zakumadzulo, kum'mawa, India ndi Indonesia. Komanso nguluwe zakutchire zimagawika m'magulu asanu ndi anayi.
Nkhumba zaku Africa zamtchire, nkhumba za mangrove ku Indonesia, babirussa, African savannah warthog, nguluwe zakutchire zochokera ku nkhalango zaku Asia ndi Europe, Madagascar nkhumba zowuluka, nkhumba yayikulu yaku Africa, ndi nkhumba za pygmy ndi Javanese. Mitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakunja kwakanthawi chifukwa chakukhala kwawo kulikonse.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo okhala ndi kufalitsa nkhumba zakutchire ndizofala kwambiri. Mutha kukumana ndi nyama zolusa zam'mimbazi m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, komanso m'nkhalango za steppe ndi taiga.
M'malo ena adawonongedweratu. Oimira mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ndi nguluwe zaku Europe, zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango kuchokera kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa Europe ndi North Africa mpaka India, zilumba za Andaman ndi China. Adabadwira ku New Zealand ndi ku United States podutsa nkhumba zazikulu zoweta ndi nyama zakutchire.
Zakudya za nkhumba
Ngakhale zitha kukhala zankhanza - menyu nyama zakutchire makamaka masamba... Sachita manyazi kudya nawo mizu, acorn, muzu masamba, zipatso ndi bowa, komanso mitundu yonse ya ma tubers opatsa thanzi. Mwachitsanzo, pakakhala njala, nyengo yozizira ikagwa, nguluwe imasinthira chakudya chokhutiritsa. Mwachitsanzo, zovunda, mazira a mbalame, mphutsi zomwe zimapezeka pansi ndi pansi pa khungwa la mitengo, komanso khungwa lokha.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nguluwe yayikulu imadya makilogalamu atatu kapena asanu ndi limodzi patsiku. Nguruwe zimafuna madzi ochuluka tsiku lililonse. Kubwera kukamwa kwa mitsinje ndi nyanja kwa iye, nguluwe zakutchire zimathanso kudya nsomba zomwe zagwidwa kumene.
Nguluwe zakutchire zimathandiza m'nkhalango. Kudya zinyalala pamalo omwe amakhala, iwo, pamodzi ndi masamba, udzu ndi mizu, amadya tizirombo tamtundu uliwonse, mphutsi ndi tizilombo, potero amachita ntchito zaukhondo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zonse amakumba pansi ndi mano awo komanso mphamvu zochepa pofunafuna chakudya, chomwe chimakhudza mtundu wake.
Kubereka ndi ana
M'ngalande imodzi, yaikazi imabereka nguruwe sikisi mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Mtundu wawo wamizere umawathandiza kubisala pakati pa masamba ndi nthambi za dera lomwe akukhalalo. Monga lamulo, sipangakhale ana opitilira amodzi pachaka. Komabe, palinso zochitika za kubadwa kwa 2-3 mwa akazi. Zimatengera nyengo ya nkhumba.Kuyamwitsa ana akhanda kumatenga miyezi itatu kapena itatu ndi theka... Monga lamulo, kale mu sabata lachitatu la moyo, ana a nkhumba amakhala otakataka ndipo amatha kuyenda mosadalira. Ngakhale izi, mayiyo amangokhalira kuchitira nkhanza aliyense wobwera. Mkazi wokonda nkhondo amateteza ana ake mosamala kwambiri.
Osapeputsa mphamvu zake. Ngakhale nguluwe yamtchire imatha kudzitchinjiriza komaliza, kapena kuchita nawo. Nyama yovulazidwa kale siyisiya kulimbana ndi wolakwayo mpaka atatsiriza kupuma. Ndipo pamaso pa mulu wa minofu ndi mano akuthwa, ndizowopsa kwa mdani wa nguluwe. Ngakhale kwa osaka mwakhama kwambiri - ofunafuna zosangalatsa, ili silili vuto konse.
Komanso nkhumba zimatha kuzimiririka ukapolo. Kwa izi, ndikofunikira kusankha nkhumba zoyenera. Mukasankha imodzi yothandizira kusamalira, muyenera kuganizira zinthu monga gwero la ziweto, magwiridwe antchito, kukhazikika ndi kusinthasintha, zaka zakutha msinkhu ndi zina zofunikira zokhudzana ndi kubereka komwe kungafune.
Ndizosangalatsa!Chibadwa cha nguluwe chiyenera kukhala chogwirizana ndi cholinga chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusankhidwa kwa ma sires okhala ndi zofooka zakubadwa monga umbilical kapena inguinal hernias, cryptorchidism, rectal prolapse itha kupewedwa pofufuza mosamalitsa mtundu woyambirira wa ziweto.
Nguruwe zonse zakutchire zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakuswana ziyenera, makamaka, kukhala seronegative ya brucellosis. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna onse ayenera kudzipatula ndi kuzolowera masiku osachepera 45-60 asanakwatirane ndikuyesedwa (kapena kuyesedwanso) matenda owopsa kwa abale ena asadalowetsedwe m'gulu. Ngati atenga nawo mbali posankha ndi nguluwe zakutchire zochokera kumatenda akulu (okhala ndi ana a nkhumba opitilira 10) omwe amafika msinkhu msanga (miyezi 5½ - 6), nthawi zambiri amabereka ana ang'onoang'ono obala kwambiri, omwe amathanso kutha msinkhu akadali aang'ono. Magwiridwe antchito monga chakudya chokwanira komanso phindu tsiku lililonse amalandilanso.
Kusintha kwa mafupa ndi kulingalira za zovuta zapano kapena zomwe zingagwire oyendetsa ntchito ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Zovuta zilizonse zowawa zomwe zingalepheretse nkhumba kuti zisayandikire yaikazi, kuti zizitha kukula, kuswana bwino ndikutulutsa umuna ziyenera kudziwikiratu. Mwachitsanzo, zovuta kapena zosakhalitsa zaminyewa yamafupa zimatha kupweteketsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhumba ziwoneke ngati zosakondera kukhazikitsa. Nguluwe zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa ngati chiyembekezo choberekana kwa miyezi 3-6.
Adani achilengedwe
Ngakhale kukula kwakukulu, zisonyezo zamphamvu, komanso ziphuphu zakuthwa, ngakhale nguluwe yamtchire ili ndi adani m'malo achilengedwe. Wamkulu wosazindikira za nkhumbazi ndi nkhandwe. Chinthuchi ndikuti nkhandwe imawononga kwambiri ziweto zakutchire pakudya nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizingadzisamalire zokha. Nthawi yomweyo, nguluwe sizikhalabe ngongole.
Ziwerengero zimadziwa milandu yambiri pomwe mimbulu imamwalira pankhondo kuchokera ku zilonda zakuthwa. M'mayiko otentha, monga India, Central Asia kapena Transcaucasia, nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama zamphaka zakutchire. Monga akambuku, nthawi zambiri - ziphuphu ndi akambuku. Nyama yamtchire ndi chidutswa chokoma cha kambuku, ndi ludzu la nyamayi ali wokonzeka kumenya nkhondo ngakhale ndi wamkulu woyimira mtunduwo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kuphatikiza pa mdani wa nyamayo, masoka achilengedwe ndi zovuta zina zimapanganso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ana osakhwima. Makanda ambiri adawotchedwa m'chigawo cha steppe ndi moto m'nkhalango, kusefukira kwamadzi komwe kukubwera, komanso ngozi zina.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, mdani wolimba wa nyama iliyonse anali ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi munthuyo. Kusaka nyama yamtchire ndi chisangalalo chodziwika bwino mibadwo yonse, mtundu wa zosangalatsa, zamasewera, ngakhale zitamveka zankhanza bwanji. Kuphatikiza pa chisangalalo chomwecho, zikopa za nyama ndi nyama ndizotchuka kwambiri. Malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha nyama ndikudya kapena kumwa.
Madzi akulu, malo opezera zipatso kapena mabulosi ndiwo malo obisalira osaka mwaphamphu, momwe zimakhala zosavuta kugwira nyama mwadzidzidzi. Mwamwayi, nguluwe yakutchire si yophweka, ndizovuta kwambiri kumugwira, chifukwa ndi wankhondo wolimba mtima, akumenyera mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake komanso kuti athandize ana ake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kusanthula deta kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za 2000 kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa nguluwe zakutchire mu kukula kwa Russian Federation. Palinso njira yothetsera kuchuluka kwa anthu kuchokera pakukhumudwa kwakanthawi kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi. Pakadali pano, zololedwa zapachaka zovomerezeka zimachokera ku 100 mpaka 120 anthu zikwi.
Mtengo wamalonda
Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zingapezeke mukasodza nyama zakutchire ndi ma bristles, nyama ndi zikopa.... Kulemera kwakanthawi m'nyengo yozizira ndikokwera 10% kuposa nthawi yotentha. Pafupifupi, nyama imodzi yamtchire imatha kupatsa mlenje ma kilogalamu 50 a nyama. Dera la chikopa chofikirali limafika ma 300 cm.
Ndizosangalatsa!Amasaka nguruwe zakutchire powayang'ana panthawi yothirira kapena kukhala m'malo odyetserako ziweto. Kusaka ndi agalu kumachitidwanso.
Chilombochi chimadumphira m'malo otseguka ndi liwiro la mphezi, chisanayang'ane mosamala ndikuwunkhiza. Komanso, nguluwe imathamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamayende bwino. Kukumana ndi nguluwe yaukali kungakhale komaliza kwa mlenje wosazindikira yemwe wachititsidwa khungu ndi chilakolako.
