Zinziri ndi kambalame kakang'ono kakang'ono ka thrush kamene kamakonda kukhazikika m'malo otseguka monga steppes kapena meadows. Simawoneka kawirikawiri, koma mafunde a zinziri amamveka ku steppe kapena kudambo mukamakulira mbalamezi nthawi zambiri. Kwa ambiri omwe sadziwa bwino zinziri, zitha kuwoneka ngati mbalame zotopetsa komanso zopanda mawu. Koma, zinziri ndi mbalame yosangalatsa kwambiri, ngati sizodabwitsa. Pakadali pano, pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya mbalamezi padziko lapansi ndipo iliyonse ya izo ndi yapadera munjira yake.
Kufotokozera zinziri
Zkhwere wamba kapena, monga amatchulidwira nthawi zambiri, zinziri, ndi za m'banja laling'ono la nkhuku za nkhuku... Zakhala zosangalatsa kwa anthu osati masewera okha, komanso ngati mbalame yokongoletsa kapena nyimbo. Komanso masiku akale ku Asia anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati omenya nkhondo, kukonza ndewu za zinziri.
Maonekedwe
Kukula kwa zinziri zocheperako ndikochepa: mbalameyi siyidutsa masentimita 20 m'litali ndi magalamu 150 kulemera. Sichikuwala ndi nthenga zowala, m'malo mwake, mtundu wake umafanana ndi utoto wachikasu kapena masamba akugwa. Nthenga za utoto wonyezimira zimakutidwa ndi mabala ang'onoang'ono amdima ndi owala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinziri zizibisala bwino munkhalango zowuma.
Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mwa amuna, thupi lakumtunda ndi mapiko ali ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana wosiyanasiyana. Liwu lalikulu ndi ocher-bulauni, pomwe mawanga ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, yofiirira-bulauni imwazikana. Mutuwo ndi wamdima, wokhala ndi mzere wopyapyala wonyezimira womwe umayenda pakati, pamwamba pa diso palinso mkondo wina wowala, wonyezimira womwe ukuyenda motsatira mutu kuchokera m'mphepete mwa mphuno pambali pa chikope, kenako mpaka m'khosi, ndikupanga mozungulira diso la mbalameyo magalasi owala ndi akachisi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kungakhale kovuta kuwona zinziri zikubisalira muudzu kapena kugwadira pansi, chifukwa utoto wake umalumikizana kwathunthu ndi malo ozungulira. Mbali imeneyi ya utoto imalola mbalame kuti zizidzibisa bwino komanso zimawateteza monga adani.
Khosi la amuna limakhala lakuda, lakuda bulauni, koma pofika nthawi yophukira limanyezimira. Khosi la mkazi ndilopepuka kuposa utoto waukulu komanso limakutidwa ndi madontho akuda ndi mikwingwirima. Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi ndiyopepuka kuposa yakumwambayi. Zinziri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa pachifuwa chawo, omwe amapangidwa ndi nthenga zamtundu waukulu chifukwa chophatikizana ndi zakuda, komanso nthenga zopepuka kuposa utoto waukulu.
Mapiko a mbalamezi ndi aatali kwambiri, pomwe mchira ndi waung'ono kwambiri. Miyendo ndi yopepuka, yayifupi, koma osati yayikulu.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Zinziri ndi mbalame zosamuka. Zowona, iwo omwe amakhala m'malo otentha samachoka komwe amakhala, koma mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'malo ozizira zimasunthira kumwera kugwa kulikonse.
Mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri zosamuka, zomwe zimatha kuuluka maulendo ataliatali ndikukwera kumwamba, zinziri zimauluka pang'ono osati mofunitsitsa. Ngakhale kwa adani, amakonda kuthawa pansi. Ndipo, atakwera mlengalenga, zimauluka pansi, ndikupanga mapiko awo pafupipafupi.
Zinziri zimakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, zomwe zimakhudzanso mawonekedwe azikhalidwe zawo komanso mawonekedwe awo.... Ngakhale kupanga ndege ndi kukhazikika kuti apumule, mbalamezi sizidzakhala panthambi zamtengo pachilichonse. Adzatsikira pansi, ndipo monga momwe amachitira kumalo awo obisalako, adzabisala muudzu. Ngakhale ndi zazing'ono, zinziri sizimawoneka zokongola konse, m'malo mwake, zimawoneka ngati zolimba. Mwa kugwa, iwonso amanenepa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuwoneka onenepa kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Anthu omwe amawasaka panthawiyi amadziwa bwino momwe zinziri zingakhalire zolimba kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira asanachoke.
Zinziri zimasunthira pagulu: zimauluka nthawi yozizira kupita kumayiko aku South Asia ndi Africa, komwe kulibe nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yozizira, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo amabwerera kumadera awo ndi madera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ziziri zapakhomo, zowetedwa kuti zipeze nyama ndi mazira athanzi, zatha kuthawa, komanso nzeru zouikira. Koma mbalamezi ndizodabwitsa modzichepetsa mndende. Iwo samadwala ndipo amadziwika ndi mkhalidwe wamtendere, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri kukulira ndikusunga kumbuyo ndi minda yaying'ono.
Ndi zinziri zingati zomwe zimakhala
Zinziri zamtchire sizikhala motalika: zaka 4-5 zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zaka zolemekezeka kwambiri kwa iwo. Kunyumba, kuyika zinziri zimasungidwa zochepa: mpaka pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Chowonadi ndichakuti ali ndi zaka chimodzi, amayamba kuthamanga kwambiri ndikuwasunga pafamu amakhala opanda nzeru.
Mitundu ya zinziri // zamoyo
Pakadali pano pali mitundu khumi ya zinziri: eyiti - akukhala lero ndipo atukuka kwambiri, ndipo awiri - atha, ngati sichinali chifukwa cha kulakwitsa kwa munthu, ndiye mwina ndi chilolezo chake.
Zamoyo:
- Zinziri zofala.
- Zinziri zopanda nzeru kapena zaku Japan.
- Zinziri za ku Australia.
- Zinziri zamabere akuda.
- Harlequin zinziri.
- Zinziri za Brown.
- Zinziri za buluu zaku Africa.
- Zinziri zopakidwa utoto.
Mitundu yowonongeka ikuphatikizapo:
- Zinziri ku New Zealand.
- Zinziri za Canary.
Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu siziwala ndi kunyezimira kwa nthenga, kupatula zinziri zamtambo zaku Africa, zamphongo zomwe zimapatsa dzina lawo mitundu... Kuchokera pamwambapa, mtundu wawo suli wosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa zinziri zina zonse, koma gawo lakumunsi la mutu, kuyambira m'maso ndi pansi, pakhosi, pachifuwa, pamimba ndi mchira, limakhala ndi utoto wowonekera, pakati pa buluu ndi buluu.
Pamasaya, pachibwano ndi pakhosi pali malo owoneka bwino owoneka ngati misozi m'malire ndi mzere wakuda. Koma zazikazi za zinziri za buluu zaku Africa ndi zinziri zodziwika bwino, zosadabwitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi utoto wofiyira wosalala komanso wamimba wopepuka, yoyera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zkhwere za ku Japan, zomwe sizili zazikulu kwambiri (90-100 magalamu ndi zolemera zamwamuna wamkulu), zidakhala kholo la mitundu yonse ya zinziri zoweta, kuphatikiza nyama, yomwe imalemera magalamu 300, yomwe imalemera katatu kuposa kholo lawo.
Amuna a zinziri zojambulidwa amadziwika ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri: mutu ndi khosi lawo ndi zotuwa zakuda, kumtunda kwa thupi kulijambulidwa ndi safiro wakuthambo osakanikirana pang'ono ndi imvi, chifuwa, mimba ndi nthenga zouluka ndi zofiirira, mlomo ndi wakuda, ndipo miyendo ili yowala -lalanje. Mitunduyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri pakati pa zinziri zazikulu: kulemera kwake kumayambira magalamu 45 mpaka 70, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 14 cm.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mitundu ya zinziri zambiri ndi yayikulu: mbalamezi zimakhala pafupifupi ku Old World: ku Europe, Asia ndi Africa. Komanso, malinga ndi malo omwe amakhala, zinziri zimagawika kuti azingokhala komanso kusamuka. Zkhwere zongokhala zimangokhala kumadera otentha, komwe sikufunika kusamukira kumwera. Ndipo mbalame zosamuka zimakhala m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chake, ndikumayamba kwa nthawi yophukira, zimakwera pamapiko ndikuwuluka kupita kumayiko akumwera nthawi yachisanu. Zzinziri zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango ndi m'mapiri pakati paudzu utali, kumene kumakhala kovuta kuti azindikire.
Madera ndi malo okhala anthu ena, kuphatikiza zinziri zosowa:
- Zinziri zopanda nzeru kapena zaku Japan zimakhala ku Manchuria, Primorye ndi kumpoto kwa Japan, ndipo zimauluka kumwera kwa Japan, Korea kapena kumwera kwa China kuti zizichita nyengo yozizira. Amakonda kukhazikika m'minda yodzala ndi udzu, tchire laling'ono m'mbali mwa mitsinje, komanso m'minda yolima yomwe yabzala mpunga, balere kapena phala.
- Zinziri za ku Australia zimafalikira ku Australia konse, koma pakadali pano sizikhala ku Tasmania, ngakhale zidapezeka kumeneko mpaka zaka za m'ma 1950. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kum'mwera chakum'mawa chakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Australia, komwe kumakhala malo odyetserako ziweto komanso minda yobzala mbewu.
- Zikhwere zakuda zakuda zimakhala ku Hindustan, komanso m'maiko aku Southeast Asia, komwe zimakhazikika m'minda, monga zinziri zina zonse, panjira.
- Zzinziri za Harlequin zimapezeka ku Africa, Madagascar ndi Arabia Peninsula. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi malo odyetserako ziweto komanso minda yomwe ili ndi zomera zochepa.
- Zikhwere za Brown zimapezeka pazilumba zomwazikana ku Oceania, komanso ku Australia ndi Tasmania. Amakhala m'madambo, m'zigwa, m'ziyangoyango zamatchire ndi madambo. Amapewa malo ouma ndipo amakhala m'madambo. Komabe, ku New Zealand ndi New Guinea, amathanso kukhala kumapiri.
- Zinziri zaku buluu zaku Africa zimakhala mdziko la Africa kumwera kwa Sahara. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo odyetserako ziweto kapena m'minda yaulimi pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena nyanja.
- Zinziri zopakidwa utoto zimakhala ku Africa, Hindustan, Southeast Asia, Australia ndi Oceania. Amakonda kukhazikika m'madambo onyowa m'malo athyathyathya komanso amapiri.
Zakudya za zinziri
Pofuna kupeza chakudya, zinziri zimamwaza nthaka ndi mapazi ake, monga momwe nkhuku wamba imachitira. Zakudya zake zimakhala ndi theka la nyama, theka la zakudya zamasamba. Mbalamezi zimadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono monga nyongolotsi, tizilombo, komanso mphutsi zawo. Zakudya zazomera zomwe zinziri zimadya zimaphatikizapo mbewu ndi mbewu za zomera, komanso mphukira ndi masamba a mitengo ndi zitsamba.
Ndizosangalatsa! Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadyetsa chakudya cha nyama, ndipo ndi zaka zokha zomwe chakudya chomera chimakula m'zakudya zawo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Zinziri zimafika m'malo osanjikiza kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena koyambirira kwa chirimwe ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kufunafuna bwenzi, kenako ndikumanga chisa. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mitala, zilibe mitundu iwiri iwiri, ndipo sizikhala zokhulupirika kwa anzawo. Pa nthawi ya chibwenzi, amuna amayesa kusangalatsa osankhidwa awo mothandizidwa ndi nyimbo, zomwe, zimafanana ndi kulira kuposa kuyimba kwenikweni.
Kawirikawiri, nkhondo zoopsa zimachitika pakati pa amuna kufunafuna chidwi cha mkazi yemweyo, pomwe wopambanayo atsimikiza, yemwe adzasankhidwe kukhala "mayi" wamphapayo.
Chisa chimamangidwa mwakuchepa kwakanthawi kwinakwake ku steppe kapena kudambo. Komanso, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimasankha minda yodzalidwa ndi mbewu zambewu ngati malo awo okhala.
Mbalame zimaphimba pansi pa dzenje ndi nthenga ndi udzu wouma, pambuyo pake chisa chimakhala chokonzeka, kuti muthe kuyamba kuyikira mazira ndikuswetsa ana amtsogolo. M'chisa ichi, mkazi amayikira mazira a bulauni-mitundu, kuchuluka kwake kumatha kukhala kofanana ndi zidutswa 10 kapena 20.
Zofunika! Kukula msinkhu mu zinziri kumachitika atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi, pambuyo pake mwana mbalameyo amatha kuyamba kufunafuna mnzake kapena, ngati tikulankhula za yamphongo, yesetsani kumenya nkhondo ndi ena omwe adzafunse kuti akhale ndi ufulu wokhala ndi osankhidwa ake.
Kenako njira yotsegulira nyemba imayamba, yomwe imakhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Nthawi yonseyi, zinziri ziyenera kukhala pachisa, osazisiya. Wosankhidwa wake satenga nawo mbali poti amaswa, kotero kuti nkhawa zonse zokhudzana ndi anawo zigwere gawo la akazi.
Anapiye amabadwa ataphimbidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira okhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pamutu, kumbuyo, mbali ndi mapiko, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofanana ndi chipmunks... Amadziyimira pawokha ndipo amatha kuchoka pachisa akangouma. Zinziri zimakula mwachangu kwambiri, kotero kuti patatha pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka zimakhala zosadalira, mbalame zazikulu. Koma mpaka izi zitachitika, mkazi amawasamalira ndipo, pakagwa ngozi, amabisala pansi pamapiko ake.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani a zinziri zakutchire ndi nkhandwe, ermines, ferrets komanso hamsters. Amawononga mazira ambiri ndikupha nyama zazing'ono, ndipo nthawi zina, zikagwidwa, zitha kuwononga mbalame zazikulu. Mbalame zomwe zimakonda kulanda nyama monga sparrowhawk ndi mbalame zazing'onozi ndi zoopsa ku zinziri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zinyama zina, monga mpheta ndi mphamba, zimatsata ziweto zawo zikakwera zinziri, motero zimadzipatsa chakudya kwa nthawi yaitali.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero chenicheni cha zinziri zamtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu sichingathe kuwerengedwa, popeza kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi ndizochulukirapo, ndipo malo awo amakhala otakata kwambiri ndipo amakhala pafupifupi theka la dziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina ya zinziri, monga zinziri zofala, zaku Japan komanso utawaleza, zimasungidwa mu ukapolo, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwawo.
Ndizosangalatsa!N'zosadabwitsa kuti, kupatula zinziri za ku Japan, zomwe zalandira Conservation Status "Pafupi ndi Ziwopsezo", zinziri zonse zazikuluzikulu zimatchedwa "Zosasamala Zazikulu".
Zinziri pakangoyang'ana koyamba zingawoneke ngati zosawoneka bwino komanso zosasangalatsa mbalame. Chifukwa chakutha kwawo modabwitsa, mbalamezi zakhazikika theka la dziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi-akatswiri amtsogolo amakhulupirira kuti ndi zinziri zomwe zidzakhale imodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe zitha kupulumuka ku Ice Age komanso kugwirizananso kwatsopano kwamayiko. Ndipo, ndizotheka kuti ngakhale zitatha zaka zana limodzi kapena mazana awiri miliyoni, ma quill qua adzamvekabe padziko lapansi lomwe lasintha mawonekedwe ake.
