Onyamula malupanga (Khirhorhorus) ndi nthumwi za mtundu wophera nsomba wa Ray wa banja la Peciliaceae (Poesiliidae) ndi dongosolo la nsomba za Carp-toothed (Cyrrinodontiformes). Mitundu ina ya malupanga yatchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu wamba komanso akunja.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe
Pakadali pano, mitundu yopitilira makumi awiri yamtundu wosakanizidwa imadziwika, yosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa thupi ndi kukula kwake. Thupi la nsombayo ndilolimba, lokhathamira, lathyathyathya mbali zonse ziwiri... Mkazi ndi wokulirapo kuposa wamwamuna, komanso wamtali.
Kutalika kwakutali kwa thupi lonse la nsomba yayikulu yamkazi kumasiyana mkati mwa masentimita 12-15, ndipo kutalika kwamphongo kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 8.5-12.0. kuzungulira, komanso mikwingwirima yofiira yofanana. M'kamwa mwake mwasandulika pang'ono ndipo mukuyenera kudya chakudya kuchokera kumtunda kwamadzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Malupanga a Aquarium komanso anthu omwe amakhala m'malo achilengedwe amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Chikhalidwe cha mtunduwo ndi kupezeka kwa mbali yayitali komanso yowongoka, ya xiphoid kumapeto kwa caudal kumapeto kwamwamuna. Dzina losazolowereka la mtundu uwu limafotokozedwa ndendende mawonekedwe amtunduwu. Mtundu wa nsomba zachilengedwe ungayimilidwe ndi chikaso, chofiira, chobiriwira kapena lalanje.
Mwa mkazi, mtundu wa zipsepse ndi thupi nthawi zambiri umakhala wosawoneka bwino komanso wosawonekera kwenikweni. Nsomba zosakanizidwa za aquarium zimakhala ndi utoto wowala kwambiri, chifukwa chake, zoyera, zofiira, mandimu ndi lalanje, zofiirira ndi zakuda, komanso matani a chintz amapambana. Mawonekedwe azipsepse, omwe amatha kuphimbidwa, ma lyre-tailed ndi mpango, nawonso amasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Osoka malupanga ndi nsomba zopezeka ku Central America, komwe oimira mitunduyo amapezeka mumtsinje ndi m'madziwe a Mexico, Goduras ndi Guatemala. Okonza malupanga nawonso amapezeka m'madzi othamanga komanso othamanga, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale m'madambo osaya kwambiri kapena m'malo opangira ma hydraulic.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, nsomba yowala komanso yachilendo idayambitsidwa ku Europe, komwe idakhala yotchuka kwambiri ngati chiweto cham'madzi. Chakutalilahu, atumbanji twindi adiña muRussia. Masiku ano, oimira mitunduyo adatsimikiza kuti ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zodziwika bwino komanso zodziwika bwino za m'madzi.
Kusunga Malupanga
Osoka malupanga ndiwodzichepetsa pankhani yosunga nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi, zomwe ndizoyenera kwa oyamba kumene kapena osadziŵa zambiri.... Komabe, munthu ayenera kulingalira mosamala pakusankhidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa nyanja yamchere, kulingalira za mtundu wina wamakhalidwe ndi machitidwe aomwe amalupanga, komanso kusankha zakudya zoyenera.
Kutentha kwamadzi mu aquarium kuyenera kukhala 22-26 ° C ndikutsika kololeka mpaka 15 ° C. Kuuma kwakukulu kwa madzi kumakhala mkati mwa 8-25 ° dH ndi acidity pa 7-8 pH.
Kukonzekera kwa aquarium, voliyumu
Opanga malupanga ndi nsomba zazikulu zokwanira, chifukwa chake kukula kwa aquarium kuyenera kukhala malita 50. Pachifukwa ichi, aquarium yosungira anthu ogwira lupanga iyenera kukhala yokwanira mokwanira. Monga lamulo, anthu ogwira lupanga safunikira kupanga zochitika zapadera, koma kutsatira magawo abwino kwambiri amadzi ndiye chitsimikizo chachikulu chokhala ndi ziweto zotere.
Ndizosangalatsa! Madzi amchere okhala ndi malupanga amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro, chomwe chimachitika chifukwa chazisangalalo komanso ntchito zochuluka za nsomba zomwe zitha kulumpha.
Omasulira malupanga amafunika mpweya wabwino komanso kusefera kwamadzi, ndipo kukhazikitsa masabata pafupifupi theka la voliyumu kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala nsomba zoterezi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti anthu akumanga lupanga safuna mpweya wambiri, chifukwa chake, kusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi sikofunikira.
Nsomba zimakhala zomasuka pamaso pazomera zamoyo zam'madzi, zomwe zimayimilidwa ndi Vallisneria, Echinodorus, Cryptocoryna, Riccia ndi Duckweed, zomwe zimatsanzira mosavuta chilengedwe chawo. Sikofunikira kwenikweni kukonzekeretsa malo okhala malupanga, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti nsomba zizipeza malo osambira osambira.
Ngakhale, machitidwe
Osoka malupanga ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zamtendere zamtendere komanso zamtendere, koma akatswiri samalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu iyi ndi mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri. Anthu ochepa okhala m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi nthawi zambiri amathamangitsidwa ndi mitundu imeneyi. Ndi oyandikana nawo ofanana kukula ndi machitidwe ofanana kapena kupsya mtima, amuna akumalupanga akumtunda, monga lamulo, samatsutsana.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti m'madzi a m'madzi otchedwa aquarium omwe ali ndi vuto losungunuka komanso amakhala pansi kwambiri, moyo waulesi, malupanga achikulire amatha kupukusa zipsepse. Mwazina, amuna amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kusalolera wina ndi mnzake pakakhala nthumwi zina za nsomba, kuphatikizapo akazi. Osoka malupanga amatha kukhala limodzi ndi ma plati, ma guppies ndi mollies, koma sangathe kukhala m'madzi okhala ndi cichlids aku South America ndi Africa, zakuthambo ndi ma acars. Opanga malupanga ndi ovuta kuyanjana ndi nthumwi zilizonse za banja la carp, kuphatikiza koi carp, nsomba zagolide ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'madera ambiri okhala ndi nyumba, malupanga angapo amatha kukhala mwamtendere, pamlingo wa akazi awiri kapena atatu okhwima ogonana amuna onse akulu.
Ma carps ambiri, komanso nsomba zagolide, ndi zolusa, chifukwa chake amatha kuwononga ngakhale munthu wamkulu komanso wamkulu. Sitikulimbikitsanso kuwonjezera ma barbs, nkhanu ndi nkhono, ma crustaceans ocheperako kumipanga.
Osoka ndi ma guppies, omwe amabala mwachangu mosiyanasiyana, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mawonekedwe amachitidwe. Poterepa, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amafa mu aquarium yachepa kwambiri.
Zakudya, zakudya
Anthu ogwira lupanga ndiwodzichepetsa kwathunthu pankhani yazakudya.... Nsomba zam'madzi zoterezi ndizoyenera kukhala mgulu la omnivores ndipo amakonda kudya mopitirira muyeso, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amadya zakudya zowuma ndi zakudya zina zopangidwa kale, zoyimiriridwa ndi ma granules, ma flakes ndi tchipisi, komanso chakudya chamoyo komanso chachisanu cha ma virus a magazi, brine shrimp ndi daphnia, mosangalala kwambiri. Chakudyacho chimasonkhanitsidwa ndi nsomba m'magawo aliwonse am'madzi am'madzi a m'nyanjayi, komanso amakhala pamtunda kapena kugwera pansi.
Zakudya za malupanga akuluakulu ayenera kuphatikiza zakudya zazomera, zomwe zitha kukhala ngati ma flakes kapena granules okhala ndi spirulina kapena mapiritsi apadera a algal. Mwazina, ndere zochokera m'makoma a aquarium, zokongoletsera zokongoletsa zimadyedwa mosavuta ndi nsomba zamtunduwu. Zakudya zam'madzi za aquarium ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana komanso zosiyanasiyana.
Zofunika! Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mukamagula chakudya chilichonse chouma cha nsomba, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi tsiku lopanga ndi mashelufu, chifukwa chake sikofunika kugula chakudya chosasunthika.
Chakudya chotchuka kwambiri komanso chotchuka cha nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zamtunduwu zimaperekedwa ndi chakudya chouma chokonzekera. Zakudya zopangidwa ndi kampani ya Tetra ndizabwino kwambiri. Chakudya choterechi chimayimiriridwa ndi chakudya cha mitundu ina ya nsomba, komanso chakudya chapadera kwambiri chomwe chimakongoletsa utoto. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa ku chakudya cholimba chodyetsa mwachangu.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kuswana malupanga ndiosavuta. Nsomba zotere zimakula msinkhu wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Feteleza imachitika mkati mwa mkazi, ndipo mwachangu amabadwa pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka.
Zofunika! Pazakudya zambiri komanso kutentha kwa madzi pamlingo wa 26-27 ° C, malupanga azimayi amatha kubereka pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse.
Matenda amtundu
Swordfish ndi nsomba zam'madzi zosagonjetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kupirira zovuta ngakhale zosavuta, koma chinsinsi choti azisungika bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, madzi apamwamba am'madzi am'madzi ndi chakudya chovomerezeka.
Opanga malupanga amatha kutenga matenda ambiri am'madzi am'madzi otchedwa aquarium, ndipo palibe zovuta ndi zina zochiritsira zawo. Moyo wamalamba am'nyumba, malinga ndi miyezo yodziwika bwino yam'madzi a m'nyanja, ndi a gulu lalitali, chifukwa chake, ndikukhazikitsa zinthu zabwino, nsomba zoterezi zimatha kukhala ndi zaka zisanu.
Ndemanga za eni
Amapanga malupanga ku Aquarium ndimasewera komanso othamanga, osadzichepetsa kwathunthu komanso amasangalatsa eni akewo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.... Nsomba zotere ndizosavuta kuweta, sizifuna chidwi chapadera kapena kuwonjezeka kwa iwo eni, ndipo mtengo wa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri yamtunduwu ndiotsika mtengo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Malupanga achikazi ali ndi kuthekera kosintha kugonana kwawo pakalibe amuna, ndipo mawonekedwe oterewa sapezeka kwa amuna.
Malinga ndi akatswiri am'madzi, kuthekera kwa anthu ogwira lupanga kukhala limodzi ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi omwewo komanso kuberekanso mwakuya chaka chonse ndi zabwino zomwe zimapangitsa omwe akuyimira mtundu wa nsomba zopangidwa ndi Ray kutchuka kwambiri.
