Storks (lat. Onse oimira mtunduwu, molingana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwasayansi, ali mgulu la Ankle kapena Stork, komanso banja la Stork.
Kufotokozera za dokowe
Oyimira mtundu wa Storks amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa miyendo yayitali komanso yopanda kanthu yokutidwa ndi khungu lamtundu wa mauna... Mbalameyi ili ndi mlomo wautali, wowongoka komanso tapered. Zala zazifupi zakumaso zimalumikizidwa ndi chimphona chachikulu chosambira ndipo zimakhala ndi zikhadabo za pinki. M'chigawo cha mutu ndi khosi, pali malo opanda khungu.
Maonekedwe
Zinthu zakunja ndizokwanira chifukwa cha adokowe:
- Mu stork wakuda, gawo lakumtunda limakutidwa ndi nthenga zakuda zokhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira komanso wofiira, ndipo nthenga yoyera ili kumapeto. Chifuwacho chimavalidwa ndi nthenga zakuda komanso zowoneka bwino, zomwe zimafanana ndi kolala yaubweya;
- Dokowe wamiyala yoyera amadziwika ndi mitundu yakuda kwambiri, komanso zoyera zoyera zoyera ndi bere. Miyendo ya dokowe wamtundu uwu ndi ofiira, ndipo mlomo ndi wotuwa. Khungu lozungulira maso ndi lofiira, koma pakangoyamba nyengo yokhwima, limakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu;
- Dokowe wamakhosi oyera amakhala ndi chipewa chakuda pamutu pake, ndipo kuchokera m'khosi (kumbuyo kwa mutu) kupita kumalo oyandikira pachifuwa pali nthenga zoyera zoyera. Nthenga zonse zotsalazo ndizakuda kwambiri ndikutulutsa kofiira pamapewa. Nthenga zoyera zimapezeka pamimba ndi kumapeto kwa mchira, pomwe nthenga zophimba zimadziwika ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda;
- Dokowe wa ku Malay yemwe ali ndi khosi laubweya ali ndi nthenga zazikulu zakuda ndi zoyera komanso mlomo wofiira. Khungu lakumaso lopanda nthenga, lalanje, ndi mabwalo achikasu mozungulira maso. Nthenga za akulu ndi anyamata kunja kwa nyengo yoswana zimakhala ndi mitundu yosavuta, yosalala;
- Dokowe wa ku America amadziwika ndi nthenga zambiri zoyera zokhala ndi nthenga za mchira ndi mchira wakuda wafoloko. Mitunduyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mulomo wofiirira wabuluu wokhala ndi zigamba za zikopa zofiira lalanje kuzungulira maso ndi utawaleza woyera woyera;
- Dokowe woyera amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera zokhala ndi maupangiri akuda pamapiko, khosi lalitali, komanso mlomo wotalika komanso wowonda wofiira, miyendo yayitali komanso yofiira. Chifukwa cha utoto wake wakuda wokhala ndi mapiko opindidwa, mdera la Ukraine mbalame zamtunduwu zidatchedwa "mphuno yakuda".
Adokowe osowa ku Far East amafanana ndi adokowe oyera m'maonekedwe, koma ali ndi milomo yakuda yamphamvu kwambiri ndi miyendo yomwe imakhala ndi utoto wowala. Pafupifupi maso amtunduwu pali khungu lofiira, lopanda nthenga. Anapiye ali ndi nthenga zoyera ndi milomo yofiira-lalanje.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Akokowe oyera oyera omwe amakhala kwambiri amakhala mdera laling'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madambo, komanso nthawi zambiri amasankha malo okhala zisa pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Pofunafuna chakudya, adokowe amayenda modekha komanso mosangalala kuzungulira malowa, koma akawona nyama yawo, amathamanga mofulumira ndikuigwira mwachangu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kulankhulana m'malo kwasinthidwa ndikudina pakamwa pake, momwe adokowe amaponyera mutu wake kumbuyo ndikubwezeretsanso lilime lake, potero amalimbitsa mawu ndikumveka bwino pakamwa.
Adokowe amakhalanso pafupi ndi malo amadzi ndi malo amvula, koma kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa moyo wamtunduwu ndi adokowe oyera ndizomwe zimasankha zisa za malo akutali kwambiri komanso ovuta kufikako, kutali ndi malo okhala.
Ndi adokowe angati akukhala
Kutalika kwa moyo wa oimira osiyanasiyana a mtundu wa Storks kumadalira mtundu wa mitundu ndi malo awo. Adokowe oyera amatha kukhala m'malo achilengedwe kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri, koma ngati malamulo oyendetsera ukapolo atsatidwa, chizindikirochi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri.
Oimira ambiri a dokowe ku Far East omwe anali mu ukapolo adapulumuka mpaka zaka 50. Malinga ndi zomwe apeza, kutalika kwa moyo wa dokowe wakuda ali mu ukapolo kumatha kukhala zaka makumi atatu, koma mikhalidwe yazachilengedwe chiwerengerochi sichipitilira zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Mitundu ya adokowe
Pakadali pano pali mitundu ingapo yamtundu wa Storks:
- Dokowe wakuda (Сiconia nigra) Ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri, yosiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wakale wa maulawo. Kutalika sikupitilira masentimita 110-112 ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 3.0 kg ndi mapiko a masentimita 150-155;
- Dokowe wamiyendo yoyera (Сiconia abdimii) - mbalame yaying'ono, yopanda masentimita 72-74 masentimita ndikulemera kilogalamu imodzi;
- Dokowe wamakhosi oyera (Сiconia erisсopus) - woyimira wamkulu pakati pa mtundu wa Storks, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 80-90 cm;
- Ma dokowe amtundu waku Malay (Сiconia stormi) - mitundu yosawerengeka ya banja la Stork yokhala ndi thupi lopanda masentimita 75-91;
- Dokowe waku America (Сiconia maguari) - woimira South America wa banja la Stork, wodziwika ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 90 cm, wokhala ndi mapiko osapitirira 115-120 masentimita ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 3.4-3.5 kg;
- Dokowe zoyera (Сiconia сiconia) - mbalame zazikuluzikulu zokulirapo zomwe zimatha kukula pafupifupi 1.0-1.25 m yokhala ndi mapiko a 15.5-2.0 m ndi thupi lolemera makilogalamu 3.9-4.0.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chithunzi cha dokowe chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu heraldry, ndipo kupezeka kwa mbalame yotere pamalaya akuimira nzeru ndi kukhala tcheru.
Gulu la nthumwi zosowa kwambiri pamtunduwu zimaphatikizaponso zazikuluzikulu zazikulu ku Far East, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti adokowe akuda, kapena adokowe achi China.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mitundu ingapo yamtundu wa Storks imakhala ku Europe: Black Stork (C. nigra) ndi White Stork (C. alba). Mitunduyi ili m'gulu la mbalame zosamuka zomwe zimapezeka ku Central Europe kuyambira February mpaka Marichi. M'dera la England, oimira mitunduyo sapezeka konse.
Adokowe okhala ndi mikanda yoyera amakhala ku Africa, kuyambira ku Ethiopia kupita ku South Africa, ndipo adokowe okhala ndi khosi loyera amapezeka ku Indochina ndi India, ku Philippines komanso kumadera otentha a ku Africa, pachilumba cha Java. Ma stork omwe ali ndi khosi ku Malawi amapezeka ku Sumatra ndi Borneo, omwe amapezeka kumwera kwa Thailand, kumadzulo kwa Malaysia, komanso ku Brunei. Mbalameyi imakonda ma biotopu amadzi opanda madzi omwe ali pafupi ndi madera ozungulira a nkhalango, komanso amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena madera osefukira.
Ndizosangalatsa!Anthuwa amapezeka kumpoto kwa Korea komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, komanso ku Mongolia. Kwa nyengo yozizira, mitundu yosanja imawulukira kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa China, komwe kumakhala m'malo amvula ngati madzi osaya ndi minda ya mpunga.
A stork aku America pano amakhala ku South America komanso kum'mawa kwa Venezuela, kukafika ku Argentina, komwe amakonda kukhala m'malo amvula kwambiri komanso malo olimapo. Gawo logawidwa kwa dokowe ku Far East limayimilidwa makamaka ndi gawo la dziko lathu, kuphatikiza madera a Far Eastern, komwe Primorye ndi Priamurye, Amur, Zeya ndi Ussuri mitsinje amadziwika kuti ndi malo okhala.
Zakudya za dokowe
Akalulu am'madzi a ku America nthawi zambiri amakhala nsomba ndi achule, nsomba zazinkhanira ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, njoka ndi tizilombo ta m'madzi, komanso nyama zina zopanda mafupa. Adokowe oyera amadya:
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono;
- invertebrates zosiyanasiyana;
- achule ndi achule;
- njoka ndi njoka;
- dzombe lalikulu ndi ziwala;
- ziphuphu;
- chimbalangondo ndi May kafadala;
- nsomba zakufa zakufa kapena zodwala;
- osati abuluzi akulu kwambiri;
- Nyama zamtundu wa mbewa ndi makoswe, timadontho-timadontho, nguluwe, agologolo agalu ndi agalu;
- mbalame zazing'ono.
Adokowe okhala ndi zoyera amadya makamaka mbozi ndi dzombe, komanso amagwiritsanso ntchito tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono ngati chakudya. Akanyamaka amakhala ndi khosi loyera nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo opaka nyama kapena pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, pomwe amaphera nsomba, achule ndi achule, njoka ndi abuluzi, komanso amadyetsa mopanda mphongo ena.
Kubereka ndi ana
Poyambirira, nthumwi zonse za Ankle-Eared kapena Stork-like kuchokera kubanja la Stork, zokhazikika makamaka mumitengo, pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu, pomwe adamanga chisa chachikulu kwambiri kuchokera ku nthambi, chomwe kulemera kwake kumatha kukhala malo angapo. Pambuyo pake, mbalame zoterezi zinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito madenga a nyumba zogona kapena nyumba zina zilizonse kuti apange chisa. Pakadali pano, adokowe akukulitsa zisa zawo pamitengo ya mizere yamagetsi ndi mapaipi aku fakitale.... Chisa chopangidwa ndi dokowe chimatha kukhala ngati pothawirapo nthenga popangira ana kwa zaka zingapo.
Dokowe wamphongo amafika pamalo obisalapo masiku angapo m'mbuyomu kuposa azimayi amtunduwu amapezeka pamenepo. Mbalame zimabwera mdziko lathu kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo. Mkazi woyamba kubadwa yemwe amapezeka pafupi ndi chisa, champhongo amalingalira chake, koma nthawi zambiri azimayi angapo amalimbirana ufulu wobereka ana. Dokowe wamphongo amasamalira yaikazi yosankhidwa, ndikumveka ndikumveka kofuula ndi kamwa yake. Phokoso lofananalo limatulutsidwa ndi yamphongo poyandikira chisa cha champhongo chachilendo, pambuyo pake mwini chisawo amagwiritsa ntchito mulomo wake kuwukira ndi kukantha adaniwo.
Kutengera mtunduwo, kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe amaikidwa amatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala awiri kapena asanu. Mazira a dokowe aphimbidwa ndi chipolopolo choyera ndipo amaswa ndi awiri awiri pamodzi. Monga mwalamulo, amuna amakumbatira ana awo masana, ndipo akazi nthawi zonse usiku. Pakusintha nkhuku za ana, mbalame zimadina pakamwa pawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito miyambo.
Makulitsidwe amakhala pafupifupi kopitilira mwezi, pambuyo pake amawona, koma anapiye opanda thandizo amaswa m'mazira. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, anapiye adokowe amadyetsa makamaka ziphuphu, zomwe zimaponyedwa kunja kwa makolowo. Anapiye okhwima amatha kuchita chilichonse popanda chodyera pachakudya cha kholo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Chakale kwambiri pakadali pano ndi chisa cha dokowe, chomwe adamangidwa ndi mbalame zamtunduwu pachinsanja chomwe chili kum'mawa kwa Germany, ndipo adakhala ngati nyumba yamapiko kuyambira 1549 mpaka 1930.
Mbalame zazikulu zimayang'anitsitsa ndikuwongolera mayendedwe ndi thanzi la ana onse, motero anapiye ofooka kapena odwala amaponyedwa mwankhanza popanda chisa. Pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi itatu atabadwa, adokowe achichepere amanyamuka koyamba motsogozedwa ndi makolo awo. Kwa pafupifupi ena awiri, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale milungu itatu, adokowewa amapatsidwa chakudya ndikuphunzitsidwa kuuluka bwino, ndikuwongolera luso lawo lakuuluka, makolo. Komabe, adokowe amakhala odziyimira pawokha mzaka khumi zapitazi, kenako amapita kunyengo yozizira m'malo otentha. Adokowe achikulire amasamukira m'nyengo yozizira kuzungulira Seputembala. Mbalamezi zimakula msinkhu wa zaka zitatu, koma zimakonda kudzala pambuyo pake, zikafika zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Adani achilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, adokowe alibe adani ambiri, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa mbalame zotere komanso zisa zawo mumitengo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akatswiri a mbalame akhala akutsimikizira kuti adokowe nthawi zina amakonza njira yodziyeretsa ya anthu, pomwe achibale ofooka ndi odwala amawonongeka.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa mitundu yambiri ikuchepa chifukwa chakusintha kwa malo achilengedwe, kuphatikizapo ngalande zamadambo komanso kuipitsa matupi amadzi. Anapiye ndi mbalame zazikulu za mtundu wa White Stork nthawi zambiri zimafera pamagetsi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Dokowe wakuda adalembedwa kale mu Red Book la mayiko angapo, kuphatikiza dziko lathu ndi Belarus, Bulgaria, Tajikistan ndi Uzbekistan, Ukraine ndi Kazakhstan, Volgograd ndi Saratov, komanso dera la Ivanovo. Masiku ano, adokowe okhala ndi ubweya waubweya ku Mala akuwonekeranso kawirikawiri m'banja la Stork, ndipo anthu awo onse awopsezedwa kuti atheratu. Palibe anthu opitilira mazana asanu mwa anthu. Kum'mawa kwakutali, kapena dokowe wakuda, kapena waku China adatchulidwa mu Red Book kudera la dziko lathu.
Zikhulupiriro zabodza zokhudza adokowe, zizindikiro
Nthano yakhala yofala kuti adokowe amabweretsa ana ndikuthandizira kukolola bwino. Chifukwa chake, adokowe anali kulemekezedwa ndi okhala kumidzi, ndipo anthu amaika mawilo a ngolo padenga, kulola mbalame kumanga zisa zawo. Ngati malo obisalapo, omwe ali padenga, adasiyidwa ndi mbalame, ndiye kuti zimawoneka kuti zovuta zonse, zovuta komanso kusabala ana zikuyembekezera mwini nyumbayo.
