Gophers ndi nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono zochokera kubanja la agologolo. Tsopano, mitundu yambiri yatchulidwa mu Red Book ndipo ili pangozi mosiyanasiyana.
Kufotokozera kwa gopher
Maonekedwe a agologolo apansi ndichinthu chapadera. Kukula kwa nyama kumatha kuwirikiza katatu kapena kanayi kukula kwa gologolo. Achibale oyandikana kwambiri pambuyo pa agologolo ndi anyani.
Maonekedwe
Kutengera mitunduyo, agologolo agwiritsire kutalika mpaka masentimita 15 mpaka 25-30 cm.Akuluakulu kwambiri amafikira masentimita 40. Kutalika kwa mchira sikufikira theka la kutalika kwa thupi - mwa anthu ocheperako sikadutsa masentimita 4. Nyama izi zimatha kulemera 1.5 makilogalamu. Pali mawonekedwe azakugonana - amuna amakhala akulu kuposa akazi m'litali ndi kulemera. Maonekedwe a thupi akugudubuzika, ozungulira. Kutsogolo kwake ndi kofupikirapo kuposa kwakumbuyo, ndi chala chachitali chachinayi poyerekeza. Zala zili ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu zomwe zimathandiza kukumba maenje.
Mutu ndi waung'ono, wopingasa, wokhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono a pubescent... Chifukwa chakukula kwake, makutu awo amawoneka osatukuka. Maso ndi ochepa, okhala ndi zilonda zamtundu wambiri. Pakukumba, tiziwalo timeneti timagwira ntchito mwamphamvu, kutulutsa fumbi lomwe limafikira pa diso. Ma incisors apamwamba ndi otsika - awiriawiri - amphamvu, otsogozedwa wina ndi mzake pang'onopang'ono. Alibe mizu ndipo amakula m'moyo wonse wa nyama. Ndi chithandizo chawo, ma gopter amathyola mabowo osameza nthaka. Pali zikwama zamatama momwe nyama zimanyamula chakudya kupita kumanda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Sizamoyo zonse zomwe zimapanga masheya mu burrow.
Nyama zimakhala ndi tsitsi lolimba lomwe limaphimba thupi lonse, lomwe limasintha malinga ndi nyengo. Ubweya wachilimwe ndi waufupi, wolimba, kupewa kutentha kwambiri. Pofika nthawi yozizira, imakhala yayitali komanso yolimba, imakhala yolimba, yomwe imakupatsani kutentha kwa thupi mkati mwa malire ena. Mtundu wa nyama umadalira mtundu wake komanso nyengo yake.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Agologolo agulu amakhala m'derali. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona nyama zazing'onozi zikuyimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikuyang'ana zowopsa. Akuboola nyama. Maenje awo amatha kukhala otalika mpaka mita zitatu, nthawi zina amakhala ndi nthambi Kutalika kwa nthambi imodzi kubowo kumatha kufika mamita 15, kutengera mtundu wa dothi.
Minkyo imadziwika ndi kakhoma kakang'ono. Pamapeto pake, nthawi zambiri pamakhala chisa chaudzu ndi masamba omwe amakhala ngati malo ogona ndi opumulirako. Mitundu ina imakumba timatumba tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasungira chakudya. Kwenikweni, agologolo agolide ndi nyama zophunzirira. Zinyama zokhazokha ndizochepa. Coloniyo ili ndi anthu makumi awiri kapena kupitilira apo. Ngakhale amakhala motere, nyama iliyonse ili ndi malo akeawo, kupatula azimayi omwe ali ndi ana, komanso gawo lawo laling'ono. Kotero gophers amapanga midzi yaying'ono kapena matauni.
Nyama nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito m'mawa, makamaka nthawi yotentha, kapena madzulo kutentha kutatha. Masana, amakonda kubisala m'maenje. Samapita kutali ndi nyumba zawo kuti apeze nthawi yobisala pakagwa ngozi. Pogwira ntchito, anthu angapo amayimirira mozungulira gawo lawo ndikuyang'ana nyama zolanda, pomwe ena amadyetsa. Popeza samawona bwino, amayesa kukwera mapiri ang'onoang'ono panthawi yachitetezo kuti awone bwino kusuntha kwa chiwopsezo. Mwa izi amathandizidwa bwino ndi mbalame, zomwe zimapanga phokoso zikawona chilombo chapafupi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ophwanya ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri komanso zolimba. Nyama yayikulu imatha kupulumuka mfuti zitatu kuchokera mfuti yowuma, imagonjetsedwa ndi kulumidwa, ndipo imatha kulimbana ndi njoka zaululu mwachilengedwe.
Ophwanya ali ndi chilankhulo chotukuka kwambiri... Kuyankhulana kwawo kumawerengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri pakati pa zinyama. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo ochokera ku yunivesite ya Manitoba (Canada) adaphunzira kulumikizana kwa ma gopher ndikupanga mawu otanthauzira mluzu, kulira ndi mawu ena omwe nyama zimapanga. Phokoso lomwe limatikumbutsa za silayu "chak" ndilodziwika bwino makamaka. Ichi ndi mtundu wachizindikiro chomwe chimapereka tanthauzo linalake kuzizindikiro ndipo chitha kuwonetsanso kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo.
Zimadziwikanso kuti gopher amagwiritsa ntchito ultrasound polumikizirana, zomwe sizowoneka ndi khutu la munthu. M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi yakumva njala, amatha kugona. Izi zimalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo china cha nyama - njoka, ma steppe ndi zodyera zina zomwe zili ndi thupi laling'ono zimatha kulowa mdzenje ndikudya gopher wogona.
Kodi ma gopher amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Nthawi yayitali ya agologolo agulu ndi zaka 2-3. Milandu imadziwika ikakhala mu ukapolo nyama zidakhala zaka 8.
Kukhazikika kwa gopher
Gophers amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazinyama zogona kwambiri. Amatha kugona mpaka miyezi isanu ndi inayi pachaka. Kutalika kwa nyengo yozizira kumatengera nyengo ndi dera lomwe nyama zimakhala. M'madera akumpoto, amuna omwe adapeza mafuta amakonda kubisala kumayambiriro kwa Juni. Akazi omwe sanabereke ana amachita zomwezo. Azimayi omwe abereka ana awo chakudya ndikulera ana awo, kenako amanenepa ndipo pambuyo pake amangogona. Anthu omwe adabadwa kumapeto kwa chaka chino amagwa mu tulo tating'onoting'ono mochedwa kuposa onse - ndi omwe sadyetsedwa bwino, atha kukhala opanda mafuta ogona kwa nthawi yayitali. Asanabisike, nthawi zambiri amabowola mabowo awo ndi mapulagi adothi. Kutha tchuthi nthawi yachilimwe kumasintha kukhala tchuthi nthawi yachisanu ngati mafuta ochulukirapo ali okwanira.
Nyamayo imatha kudzuka kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira kuti ibwezeretse mafuta omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito ndikugona mu tulo tofa nato mpaka masika. Nthawi yozizira, njira zamagetsi zimachepa, kupuma ndi kugunda kwa mtima kumachepa, komanso kutentha kwa thupi kumachepa. Nyamayo imadzipinditsa mu mpira wothinana ndikudziphimba ndi mchira wake. Chinyama chimadzuka ndikutentha ndi mawonekedwe a zomera zoyamba. Masika, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo atadzuka, nthawi yokwanira yolumikizirana imayamba, yomwe imatha mpaka kubisala.
Mitundu ya gopher
- Gopher wamng'ono - mitundu yaying'ono, mpaka 24 cm kutalika. Chovala chakumbuyo chimayambira imvi kumadera akumpoto mpaka imvi zachikasu kumwera. Mtunduwo ndi wosagwirizana, wokhala ndi timadontho todera komanso mawanga. Pali malo akuda pamutu, omwe amawonekera motsutsana ndi utoto waukulu. Hibernation imatenga miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi, mpaka miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Sizimapanga zofunikira m'nyengo yozizira. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi tizilombo toyambitsa mbewu, timatha kuwonongedwa minda. Chonyamula cha mliri, brucellosis, tularemia. Zinalembedwa m'buku lofiira la madera angapo a Russia.
- Gopher wamtundu wautali - mtundu waukulu mpaka masentimita 32. Ili ndi mchira wautali, wonyezimira (10-16 cm), womwe udalandira dzina lake. Mtundu wakumbuyo umachokera kufiira kapena ocher mpaka imvi-fawn. Imvi kapena zoyera zimawoneka bwino. Mimba ndi yowala komanso yopepuka kuposa kumbuyo. Ubweya wa dzinja ndi wandiweyani komanso wakuda. Gologolo wamtali wautali kumtunda wa taiga amatha kukhala yekha. Maenjewo ndi ovuta, ali ndi kamera yothandizira, chipinda chogona ndi njira yopulumutsira - nthambi ya burrow yomwe imakwera, yomwe nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito ikasefukira mu burrow yayikulu.
- Gologolo wamkulu, kapena gopher wofiira - mitundu yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri ya agologolo agulu, kutalika kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 25-35. Kulemera kumatha kufikira kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka musanabadwe. Mtundu wakumbuyo ndi wamdima, wonyezimira, wopepuka m'mbali. Kumbuyo ndi m'mbali kuli zipsinjo zoyera zoyambitsidwa ndi malekezero oyera a tsitsi loyang'anira. Mawanga ofiira owala amafotokozedwa bwino pamasaya ndi pamwamba pamaso. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, imatha kuyenda kwambiri, imatha kusunthira kutali ndi dzenje lake, nthawi zina imasambira kuwoloka mitsinje. Pakakhala kuti palibe chakudya, chimasunthira kumalo okhala ndi chakudya chambiri.
- Wopalasa wamawangamawanga - mitundu yaying'ono, kutalika kwa thupi sikufikira masentimita 20. Mchira ndi waufupi, mpaka 4 cm kutalika. Ubweyawo ndi waufupi, wotsekana bwino, wabulauni bulauni kumbuyo kwake wowoneka bwino, wonyezimira wonyezimira kapena wonyezimira, amasandulika ziphuphu pakhosi. Maso akulu azunguliridwa ndi malire oyera kapena achikasu. Amakhala m'magawo, osachepera m'modzi m'modzi, aliyense mumtsinje wake, kupatula mayi wokhala ndi ana. Kusuntha kwa ziweto sikuchitika. Chakudya chimakhala chochepa ngati chilala chitha. Pali vuto la kudya anzawo - kudya abale amoyo ndi akufa. Wolemba mu Red Book.
- Wolemba Daurian - kawonedwe kakang'ono. Thupi nthawi zambiri limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 18-19, mchira samafika masentimita 6. Msana ndi wopepuka, wokhala ndi dzimbiri lofiira. Mbalizo zimakhala zachikasu, gawo loyenda mozungulira ndi la fawn kapena lachikasu-fawn. Sipanga magulu, amakhala okha, nthawi zina amakhala m'mabowo a njenjete kapena ma pikas. Ma burrows ndiosavuta, opanda nthambi ndi dothi. Asanalowe ku hibernation, amalowetsa ndodoyo m dzenje ndi pulagi yadothi. Amatha kukhala pafupi ndi midzi.
- Beringian, kapena waku America gopher ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi kwa nthumwi zakumpoto kumafikira masentimita 31-39. Mchira ndi wautali, wofewa. Mtundu wakumbuyo ndi bulauni kapena ocher, wokhala ndi zoyera zowoneka bwino. Mimbayo ndi yowala, yofiira. Ubweya wa dzinja ndi wopepuka. Amakhala m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi 50. Ma burrows ndi ozama komanso nthambi. Asanagone, amayamba kudziunjikira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mchaka mutadzuka. Pa nthawi yodyetsa, amasiyana m'njira zodyera nyama kuposa agologolo ena - amakonda kudya kafadala, mbozi, ziwala, nthawi zina ngakhale akangaude, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha nyama ndikokwera kuposa chakudya chomera.
- Wofiyira masaya ofiira - mtundu wapakati. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 23 mpaka 28. Mchira sumapitilira sentimita imodzi kutalika kwake. Mtunduwo ndi wa bulauni kapena wamtundu wa imvi, wopanda shading yoyera yokhala ndi ziphuphu zofiirira. Kuyenda kumachitika mwa achinyamata. Lili ndi dzina lochokera pazolemba zofiira pamasaya. Amakhala moyo wachikoloni. Ma burrows ndiosavuta, opanda nthambi, okhala ndi chisa chaudzu wouma kumapeto. M'madera ena ndiye chonyamulira chachilengedwe cha mliriwo.
- Gopher wachikasu - ngakhale ili ndi kukula kwakukulu (mpaka 40 cm), ndiye mitundu yowopsa kwambiri. Amadziwika ndi mtundu wa yunifolomu wobiriwira komanso ubweya wachikaso wobwerera kumbuyo pang'ono. Mwakuwoneka, imafanana ndi mbalame. Asanatuluke m'dzenje lake, nyamayo imatulutsa mutu wake ndikuyang'ana malowa. Nthawi zonse amadya kuyimirira ndikuyang'ana zoopsa zomwe zingakhalepo. Chifukwa cha khalidweli ndi moyo wokhala wekha. Mu zomera zochepa zimatha kudyetsa zitakhala kapena kugona pansi. Gologolo wachikaso amagona motalikirapo - kutentha kwake kumatenga miyezi 8-9.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Amakhala ku Eurasia kuchokera ku Arctic Circle mpaka kum'mwera kwenikweni. Komanso ku North America. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo otentha, amakhala m'mapiri, tundra, steppe, meadow-steppe, meadows, koma amathanso kukhala m'mapiri, zipululu, zipululu. Amakhala moyo wapansi panthaka m'malo otseguka. Amatha kukhazikika pafupi ndi midzi, njanji, m'mafakitale osiyidwa, muzipinda zapansi ndi maziko a nyumba zosiyidwa, m'minda yosiyidwa. Nthawi zina amakhala m'madambo pafupi ndi mitsinje.
Zakudya za Gopher
Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo zakudya zamasamba ndi nyama. Ambiri a iwo amadyera pamwamba ndi pansi pa nthaka - mizu, mababu, tubers, masamba, zimayambira. Zimawononga kwambiri mbewu za tirigu, mavwende ndi nyemba. Masheya amapangidwa kuchokera ku udzu wouma, mbewu za herbaceous zomera ndi mitengo (mapulo, hazel, apricots), mbewu monga chimanga. Mitundu ya polar imadya moss.
Ndizosangalatsa! Malasankhuli, mbozi, dzombe, ndi ziwala amadya kuchokera ku chakudya cha nyama. Samanyoza nyongolotsi, mbozi.
Sadzakana kudya mazira a mbalame zisagona pansi, anapiye ang'onoang'ono, amatha kuwononga chisa cha vole kapena hamster. Mitundu ina, kudya anthu kumapezeka, makamaka m'malo okhala pakati pa nyama zazing'ono, ndi necrophagia - kudya mitembo ya abale awo. Mukakhala pafupi ndi midzi, anthu amatha kuba zokhotakhota, mbewu, mizu, kutolera zinyalala m'malo otaya zinyalala ndi m'malo otayira zinyalala. M'minda, amatha kudya radishes, beets, kaloti, maluwa ndi mababu a tulips, gladioli, kukumba iwo pabedi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Zimaswana makamaka kamodzi pachaka, mitundu ina imatha kubereka ana kawiri kapena katatu pachaka... Gon amakhala mkati atangodzuka ku tulo tating'onoting'ono, ndikubwezeretsa pang'ono mafuta omwe adatayika. Amakwatirana ngati galu. Mimba imakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Anawo amatha kukhala ndi ana awiri mpaka khumi ndi awiri. Zinyalala zimabadwa zakhungu ndi zamaliseche, zimadya mkaka wa amayi mpaka miyezi iwiri. Maso amatseguka milungu itatu. Akachulukirachulukira ndi ubweya, amayamba kuchoka pamtombowo. Amakhala okonzeka kukhala akuluakulu pofika miyezi itatu, koma amayamba kukhala pawokha pafupi ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amafa muubwana ndiwokwera kwambiri ndipo kumafikira 65-70% chifukwa chodya nyama komanso kudya anzawo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zazikazi zimateteza kwambiri ana awo kwa alendo omwe sanaitanidwe, kuphatikiza abale awo. Ana amakhala ofooka komanso osatetezedwa ndi njoka, zomwe sizimadana ndi kukadya zazing'ono. Mayiwo amalira ndi kuyamwa kuti awoneke wokulirapo, amalumpha njokayo ndikuiluma. Kuphatikiza apo, azimayi osamala amakumba maenje a ana awo asanachotse ana awo achaka.
Adani achilengedwe
Gophers ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Nyama zapadziko lapansi monga njoka, ermines, hori, weasels amatha kukwera mdzenje momwe mulibe njira yotembenukira kapena kuthawa. Nkhandwe, ma corsacs amasaka nyama, agalu ndi amphaka amasaka pafupi ndi midzi. Mwa mbalame zodya nyama, adani ake akuluakulu ndi chiwombankhanga, chiwombankhanga, ndi mphamba wakuda. M'madera akumpoto, kadzidzi wakuba ndi koloko wautali ndiwopseza.
Mdani wa gopher ndi munthu... Popeza nyama zimapweteketsa mbewu ndipo zimakhala zonyamula matenda owopsa monga miliri, brucellosis, tularemia, mmadera ena, zimagwidwa ndikuwombera. Pali mtundu wina wapadera wa masewera osaka nyama - kutentha. Palinso bungwe lothandizira kuwononga ndi kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pamodzi ndi kuwonongedwa kwachindunji kwa anthu, kuchuluka kwa malo okhala kumachepa chifukwa cholima nthaka ndi nyumba. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo motsutsana ndi tizirombo tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito ziphe zamphamvu zotsutsana ndi makoswe ena kumawononga kuchuluka kwa gophers iwowo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kosalamulirika kwa nyama m'mbuyomu, mitundu ina yalembedwa mu Red Book. Agologolo agologolo amakhala ndi mbiri yovuta kwambiri kumadera ena, komwe nambala yake imaposa anthu chikwi (mwachitsanzo ndi Stavropol Territory). Wofiyira masaya ofiyira adalembedwa mu Red Book of Altai Territory ngati ali pachiwopsezo, ku Krasnoyarsk Territory mitunduyo ili pachiwopsezo. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha nyama m'derali sichikudziwika. Mitundu ina ya agologolo agwiridwanso m'Mabuku a Red Data, nthawi zambiri amakhala pangozi komanso pangozi.
Nkhani yoteteza ma gopher ndiyovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale zimakhudza mbewu kwambiri, zimawononga tizilombo todwalitsa tambiri monga dzombe ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Gophers ndiye malo odyetserako nyama zambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ziweto, kuchuluka kwa mbalame zosowa zikuchepa. Chiweto china chimakhala m'makanda osiyidwa. Nthaka yonyamulidwa ndi agologolo apansi kuchokera kumtunda kwawo imakhala yachonde kwambiri.
Malingaliro a akatswiri a zoo ndi ntchito zachitetezo chaulimi pamtunduwu ndizovuta kwambiri. Njira zonse zachitetezo, chitetezo ndi kubwezeretsa anthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu ya Red Data Book.
