"Iyi ndi mbalame yodabwitsa," - Umu ndi momwe woyenda waku Russia a Grigory Karelin, omwe adaphunzira za mtundu wa Kazakhstan m'zaka za zana la 19, adalankhula za red-billed (flamingo). "Amawoneka chimodzimodzi pakati pa mbalame ngati ngamila pakati pa mapazi anayi," Karelin adalongosola malingaliro ake.
Kufotokozera kwa flamingo
Zowonadi, mawonekedwe a mbalameyi ndiwodabwitsa - thupi lalikulu, miyendo yayitali kwambiri ndi khosi, mulomo wopindika komanso nthenga zapinki zodabwitsa. Banja la Phoenicopteridae (flamingos) limaphatikizapo mitundu 4, yophatikizidwa kukhala mibadwo itatu: akatswiri ena okhulupirira mbalame amakhulupirira kuti pali mitundu isanu. Mitundu iwiri inatha kalekale.
Zotsalira zakale kwambiri za zakale za flamingo zidapezeka ku UK. Mamembala ang'onoang'ono kwambiri am'banjali ndi ma flamingo ang'onoang'ono (olemera 2 kg ndi ochepera 1 mita wamtali), ndipo odziwika kwambiri ndi a Phoenicopterus ruber (ma flamingo wamba), omwe amakula mpaka 1.5 mita ndikulemera 4-5 kg.
Maonekedwe
Flamingo moyenerera imakhala ndi dzina la mbalame yayitali kwambiri, komanso mbalame yayitali kwambiri... Flamingo ili ndi mutu wawung'ono, koma mlomo waukulu, wokulirapo komanso wopindika, womwe (mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri) sunasunthike mlomo wapansi, koma mulomo wapamwamba. M'mphepete mwa mlomo waukuluwo muli timapiko tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, mothandizidwa ndi mbalame zomwe zimasefa slurry kuti mupeze chakudya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Khosi lake (molingana ndi kukula kwa thupi) ndilolitali komanso locheperako kuposa la tsekwe, lomwe limapangitsa flamingo kutopa ndikuliyika molunjika ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amaponyera kumbuyo kwake kuti apumitse minofu.
Ma mbale a Horny amapezekanso kumtunda kwa lilime lakulimba. M'maflamingo, theka lakumtunda la tibia limakhala ndi nthenga, ndipo Tarso ndiwotalika pafupifupi katatu kuposa kameneka. Kakhungu kosambira bwino kakuwoneka pakati pazala zakumaso, ndipo chala chakumbuyo chimakhala chaching'ono kapena sichipezeka. Nthengawo ndi lotayirira komanso lofewa. Pali mabacteria opanda nthenga pamutu - mphete kuzungulira maso, chibwano ndi zingwe. Mapiko azitali zazitali, zokulirapo, zakuthwa zakuda (osati nthawi zonse).
Mchira waufupiwu umakhala ndi nthenga za mchira za 12-16, pomwe awiri apakati amakhala otalikirapo kwambiri. Sikuti ma flamingo onse ndi ofiira (kuyambira pinki mpaka wofiirira), nthawi zina amakhala oyera kapena otuwa.
Udindo wokutira ndi ma lipochromes, mitundu ya mitundu yomwe imalowa mthupi limodzi ndi chakudya. Mapiko a mapiko ake ndi 1.5 mita. Pakakhala molt pamwezi, flamingo imatha kutaya nthenga m'mapiko ake ndipo imatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ikutha kunyamuka.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ma Flamingo ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri, zomwe zimangoyendayenda m'madzi osaya kuyambira m'mawa mpaka usiku kufunafuna chakudya komanso kupumula nthawi zina. Amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito mawu okumbutsa amphaka a atsekwe, mabasi owonjezera komanso omveka kwambiri. Usiku, mawu a flamingo amamveka ngati nyimbo ya lipenga.
Mukawopsezedwa ndi chilombo kapena munthu yemwe ali m'boti, gululo limasunthira kaye pambali, kenako ndikukwera m'mwamba. Zowona, mathamangitsidwe amaperekedwa movutikira - mbalame imathamanga mita zisanu m'madzi osaya, ikuphwanya mapiko ake, ndikunyamuka kale, imapanga "masitepe" angapo pamadzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mukayang'ana gulu kuchokera pansi, zikuwoneka kuti mitanda ikuuluka mlengalenga - mlengalenga flamingo imatambasula khosi lake ndikuwongola miyendo yake yayitali.
Ziwombankhanga zouluka zimayerekezeredwanso ndi nkhata yamaluwa yamagetsi, yomwe yolumikizira yake imawala yofiira kwambiri, kenako imatuluka, kuwonetsa wowonayo mitundu yakuda ya nthenga. Ma Flamingo, ngakhale atakhala okongola, amatha kukhala m'malo omwe amapondereza nyama zina, monga pafupi ndi nyanja zamchere / zamchere.
Palibe nsomba pano, koma pali ma crustaceans ambiri (Artemia) - chakudya chachikulu cha ma flamingo. Khungu lakuthwa pamiyendo ndikupita kumadzi abwino, komwe ma flamingo amatsuka mchere ndikuthana ndi ludzu lawo, amapulumutsa mbalame m'malo oyipa. Kuphatikiza apo, kulibe
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Crane waku Japan
- Kitoglav
- Zamgululi
- Mlembi mbalame
Ndi ma flamingo angati omwe amakhala
Oyang'anira mbalame amayerekezera kuti kuthengo, mbalame zimakhala zaka 30-40... Mu ukapolo, utali wamoyo uli pafupifupi kawiri. Amati malo amodzi mwasungamo ndi nyumba ya flamingo yomwe idakondwerera zaka 70 zapitazo.
Kuyimirira mwendo umodzi
Izi sizinapangidwe ndi ma flamingo - mbalame zambiri zamiyendo yayitali (kuphatikiza adokowe) zimayimirira poyimitsa mwendo umodzi kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa nyengo yamkuntho.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zoti mbalameyi imangozizira msanga ndiye chifukwa cha miyendo yake yayitali kwambiri, yopanda nthenga pafupifupi kumtunda. Ichi ndichifukwa chake flamingo imakakamizidwa kukoka ndikutenthetsa mwendo umodzi kapena winayo.
Kuchokera panja, zojambulazo zimawoneka ngati zosasangalatsa, koma flamingo yomwe imamva kukhala yosavutikira. Chiwalo chothandizacho chimakhala chotalikirapo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu iliyonse yam'mimba, chifukwa sichipindika chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kapadera.
Makina omwewo amagwiranso ntchito flamingo ikakhala panthambi: minyewa yomwe ili pamapazi atambasula ndikukakamiza zala kuti zigwire nthambi mwamphamvu. Ngati mbalameyo igona, "kugwira" sikumasulidwa, kuteteza kuti isagwere pamtengo.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Ma Flamingo amapezeka makamaka m'malo otentha:
- Africa;
- Asia;
- America (pakati ndi kumwera);
- Kumwera kwa Europe.
Chifukwa chake, madera akuluakulu angapo a flamingo adawonedwa kumwera kwa France, Spain ndi Sardinia. Ngakhale kuti madera a mbalame nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma flamingo mazana masauzande, palibe chilichonse chamtundu chomwe chingadzitamande mosalekeza. Kukhazikika kumachitika padera, m'malo omwe nthawi zina amakhala otalikirana makilomita masauzande.
Flamingo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi osaya amchere kapena kunyanja, kuyesera kukhala m'malo otseguka. Amaweta m'madzi a mapiri ataliatali (Andes) ndi zigwa (Kazakhstan). Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi (sizimangoyendayenda). Ndi anthu okhawo omwe amapezeka ku mayiko akumpoto omwe amasamukira.
Zakudya za Flamingo
Mtendere wa maFlamingo umasokonezeka mbalame zikafunika kumenyera chakudya. Pakadali pano, maubale abwino amatha, ndikusandulika madera ambiri.
Zakudya za flamingo zimapangidwa ndi zamoyo ndi zomera monga:
- zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono;
- nkhono;
- mbozi za tizilombo;
- mphutsi zamadzi;
- algae, kuphatikizapo diatoms.
Kakhalidwe kakang'ono ka chakudya kakuwonekera pakapangidwe ka milomo: gawo lake lakumtunda limakhala ndi choyandama chomwe chimagwirizira mutu m'madzi.
Magawo azakudya amasinthana mwachangu ndikuwoneka motere:
- Pofunafuna mbalame zam'madzi, mbalameyi imatembenuza mutu wake kuti mulomo ugwere pansi.
- Flamingo amatsegula pakamwa pake, amatunga madzi, kenako amawatseka mwamphamvu.
- Madzi amakankhidwa ndi lilime kudzera mu sefa ndipo chakudya chimamezedwa.
Kusankha kwamphamvu kwa ma flamingo kumachepetsanso mtundu uliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, ma flamingo a James amadya ntchentche, nkhono ndi ma diatom. Ma flamingo ang'onoang'ono amadya buluu wobiriwira komanso ma diatom, amasinthira ku rotifers ndikuwotcha nkhanu kokha pamene matupi amadzi awuma.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwa njira, mtundu wa pinki wa nthenga umadalira kupezeka kwa ma crustaceans ofiira okhala ndi carotenoids mchakudyacho. Ma crustaceans ochulukirapo, mtunduwo umakulirakulira.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ngakhale kubereka kwakanthawi (5-6 zaka), akazi amatha kuyikira mazira azaka ziwiri... Mukamangirira, ziweto za flamingo zimakula mpaka mbalame theka la miliyoni, ndipo zisa zawo zimakhala zosapitirira mita 0.5-0.8 kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Zisa (kuchokera kumtunda, miyala yamatope ndi matope) sizimangidwa nthawi zonse m'madzi osaya, nthawi zina ma flamingo amawamanga (kuchokera ku nthenga, udzu ndi timiyala) kuzilumba zamiyala kapena kuyikira mazira awo mumchenga osawoneka. Mu zowalamulira pamakhala mazira 1-3 (nthawi zambiri amakhala awiri), omwe makolo onse amakhala nawo masiku 30-32.
Ndizosangalatsa! Flamingo amakhala pachisa ndi miyendo yolowetsedwa. Kuti imuke, mbalameyo imayenera kupendeketsa mutu wake, kupuma mlomo wake pansi kenako ingolunjika miyendo yake.
Anapiye amabadwa ndi milomo yowongoka, yomwe imayamba kupindika pakatha milungu iwiri, ndipo patatha milungu ingapo kusintha koyamba kumasintha kukhala yatsopano. "Wamwa magazi athu kale," - ufulu wolankhula ndi anawo, mwina, ndi ma flamingo omwe amawadyetsa mkaka, pomwe 23% ndiye magazi a makolo.
Mkaka, wofanana ndi thanzi la mkaka wa ng'ombe, ndi wa pinki wachikuda ndipo umapangidwa ndimatenda apadera omwe amapezeka mummero mwa mbalame yayikulu. Mayi amadyetsa anawo ndi mkaka wa mbalame kwa miyezi pafupifupi iwiri, mpaka mlomo wa anapiyewo utakula. Mlomo ukangoyamba kukula ndi kukhazikika, mbalame zazing'ono zotchedwa flamingo zimayamba kusakira zokha.
Pakutha miyezi 2.5, mbalame zazing'ono zotchedwa flamingo zimatenga mapiko, kukula mpaka kukula kwa mbalame zazikulu, ndipo zimauluka kuchoka pakhomo pa makolo awo. Flamingo ndi mbalame zokhazokha, zosintha awiriawiri pokhapokha mnzake atamwalira.
Adani achilengedwe
Kuphatikiza pa opha nyama mosavomerezeka, nyama zodya nyama zimasankhidwa kukhala adani achilengedwe a flamingo, kuphatikiza:
- mimbulu;
- nkhandwe;
- mimbulu;
- makoko;
- mphungu.
Zowononga nthenga nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi magulu a flamingo. Nthawi zina nyama zina zimawasakanso. Pothawa zoopsa zakunja, flamingo imanyamuka, ndikusokoneza mdani, yemwe amasokonezeka ndi nthenga zakuda zouluka zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti ayang'ane pa chandamale.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kukhalapo kwa ma flamingo sangatchedwe opanda mtambo - kuchuluka kwa anthu sikucheperachepera chifukwa cha adani, koma chifukwa cha anthu..
Mbalame zimawomberedwa chifukwa cha nthenga zawo zokongola, zisa zimawonongeka chifukwa chopeza mazira okoma, komanso kuthamangitsidwa m'malo awo wamba, kumanga migodi, mabizinesi atsopano ndi misewu ikuluikulu.
Zinthu za anthropogenic, zimayambitsanso kuwononga chilengedwe, komwe kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa mbalame.
Zofunika! Posachedwa, oyang'anira mbalame adatsimikiza kuti ataya ma flamingo a James kwamuyaya, koma mwamwayi, mbalamezo zidabwera mu 1957. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa mtundu uwu ndi mtundu wina, Andean flamingo, ali pafupifupi anthu zikwi 50.
Mitundu yonseyi imakhulupirira kuti ili pangozi. Mphamvu zakubereka zinalembedwa mu flamingo yaku Chile, kuchuluka kwake kuli pafupifupi mbalame zikwi 200. Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi flamingo yocheperako, pomwe pali anthu kuyambira 4 mpaka 6 miliyoni.
Mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe ali ndi nkhawa ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, flamingo wamba, omwe anthu padziko lonse lapansi amakhala pakati pa 14 mpaka 35,000. Kusungidwa kwa pinki flamingo kumagwirizana ndi zilembo zochepa - mbalame zalowa CITES 1, BERNA 2, SPEC 3, CEE 1, BONN 2 ndi AEWA ngati zowopsa.
