Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Nangumi ali ndi njira yosambira, kwinaku akupindika kumbuyo kwake ndi mawonekedwe a dorsal fin, ofanana ndi hump, yomwe imadziwika ndi dzina lake. Nyama yam'madzi imeneyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri.
Kodi anangumi akulemera motani? Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi matani 30-35, ndipo kuli zimphona zolemera mpaka matani 48. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama kuyambira 13 mpaka 15 mita. Nangumi wamkulu kwambiri amatha kufika kutalika kwa mamita 18 kapena kuposa.
Mtundu ndi utoto umatha kukhala wosiyanasiyana, kumbuyo ndi mbali kumakhala mdima, mimba imatha kukhala yakuda komanso yoyera, nthawi zina motley ndi mawanga. Kwa munthu aliyense, mitunduyo ndiyokha, yoyambirira komanso yosangalatsa.
Zimapezeka m'chilengedwe Whale blue humpback... Pali, chowonadi ndichosowa kwambiri, ndipo Anangumi a nkhono... Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotereyi, anthu amadziwika ndi mtundu wakumunsi kwa mchirawo.
Namgumi wa humpback pachithunzichi Imasiyana ndi kubadwa kwake kofanana ndi zipsepse, komanso thupi lolimba, lolimba komanso lofupikitsidwa, lotambalala kutsogolo, lopanikizika komanso locheperako kuchokera mbali, ndi mimba yolendewera.
Mutu wake ndi waukulu kukula ndipo amakhala kotala ya nyama yathunthu, mbali yake yakutsogolo ndi yopapatiza, nsagwada ndi zazikulu komanso zotsogola. Pakhosi ndi pamimba pali mabowo otenga nthawi yayitali, zotupa pakhungu zimaonekera kutsogolo ndi zipsepse zam'mimba. Nyama ili ndi mchira waukulu, wokhoza kumasula kasupe wopangidwa ndi V wa mita zitatu.
Zobwezeretsa zimapezeka m'malo owonera nyanja pafupifupi kudera lonselo, kupatula kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Arctic kumpoto ndi Antarctic kumwera, koma anthu ake ndi osowa kwambiri. Amakhazikika makamaka m'madzi a Kummwera kwa Dziko Lapansi, komwe amakhala m'magulu. M'miyezi yozizira amasamukira kumpoto, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo otentha komanso apamwamba.
Ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe, kugonjetsa mitunda yayikulu, yoyezedwa m'makilomita masauzande, amafika kumadzi ozizira am'mwera. Gorbach amatetezedwa ndi malamulo padziko lonse lapansi ndipo adalembedwa, pachifukwa ichi, mu Red Book. Chiwerengero cha anangumi amenewa kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi sichiposa 20 zikwi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
M'gulu la ziweto, anamgumi amtundu wina amagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu angapo. Zovuta za amuna nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha, ndipo amayi amasambira ndi ana awo. Namgumi wa humpback amakonda moyo m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja mu mzere wosapitilira mtunda wamakilomita zana.
Nyanja yotseguka, oimira nyama zam'madzi izi zimapezeka makamaka munthawi yosamukira. Liwiro lawo losambira limakhala pakati pa 10 mpaka 30 km / h. Nyama siyingakhaleko kwa nthawi yayitali popanda mpweya, chifukwa chake imangoyenda mozama kwambiri ikangodyetsa, koma osapitilira kotala la ola limodzi osapitilira 300 mita.
Kawirikawiri nyongolotsi sichiukira anthu pawokha, koma kukhala pagulu nthawi zina kumakhala kosachedwa kupsa mtima. Pali milandu yodziwika bwino yomwe amaukiridwa ndi nyamayi pamabwato ndi maboti. Koma anthu alinso owopsa pazinyama izi, chifukwa opha nyama mozemba akhala akupha nthumwi za mtunduwu kwazaka mazana awiri zapitazi, atakopeka ndi mafuta a anangumi ndi ziwalo zina zofunika mthupi lawo. Kuphatikiza pa anthu, chinsomba chakupha ndi chowopsa kwa nkhono.
Gorbach imatha kudumpha kuchokera m'madzi mpaka kutalika kokwanira. Nthawi yomweyo, amakonda kuchita manambala, akusangalala pamwamba pamadzi, ndikupanga zovuta kulowa m'madzi ndi ma coups. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti iyi si masewera ayi, koma njira yochotsera tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timamatira pakhungu lake.
Nthawi zina anamgumi amphongo amalumpha m'madzi kwathunthu
Chakudya
Kusaka kwa gulu la anangumi akale komanso kuthekera kwawo kuwongolera zochita zawo ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zamayendedwe am'madzi am'madzi. Pamodzi, amapopera madziwo mu thovu lolimba kwambiri mwakuti masukulu a nsomba sangathe kuwoloka. Mwanjira imeneyi, gulu la sardine nthawi zambiri limadyedwa.
Anangumi a humpback amapeza chakudya chawo makamaka m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo akachoka pagombe amadyera zazing'onozing'ono. Amadya plankton, cephalopods ndi crustaceans. Anthu akumpoto ali ndi nsomba monga chakudya chawo chachikulu. Izi ndi sardines, mackerel, hering'i ndi anchovies. Nthawi zambiri anamgumi amasaka okha. Poterepa, akudya, amangotsegula pakamwa ndikumeza chilichonse, kusefa mufyuluta.
Nsomba za humpback
Ichi ndi chida chosangalatsa kwambiri: m'kamwa mwa humpback mumakhala fupa lansomba lakuda lomwe lapachikidwa kumtunda ndipo limakhala ndi mbale zazitali za mita ndi mphonje m'mphepete mwake. Kumeza mbalameyi, nkhosayo imakankhira madzi panja ndi lilime, ndikusiya nyama yake mkamwa ndikuitumiza m'mimba mwake ndi lilime.
Nthawi zina anamgumi amasaka posambira mozungulira gulu la nsomba ndikuwadabwitsa ndi mchira wawo. Kapenanso, akamadumphira pansi pagulu kuchokera pansi, amatulutsa thovu la mpweya, motero amadzibisa okha ndikusokoneza omwe akuwathira, kenako amanyamuka ndikumeza nsombazo.
Nthawi yosamukira komanso m'nyengo yozizira amatha kudya popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri omwe amakhala pansi pa khungu. Nthawi yomweyo, amachepetsa mpaka theka la misa yawo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
M'nyengo yokwatirana, okwera pamahatchi amtunduwu amakopa anzawo ndi nyimbo zina. Nyimbo ya anamgumi nthawi zina imamveka kwa mphindi kapena maola, koma zimachitika kuti imatha masiku ambiri, ndipo imatha kuimbidwa payekha komanso poyimba. Nyimboyi ndi yotsatizana Nangumi amamveka pa chiyero china.
Mverani mawu a anangumi
Zazikazi za humpback ndizazikulu kuposa zazimuna, ndipo zimabereka ana pafupifupi kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Nthawi yokwatirana ndi kuswana imayamba m'miyezi yozizira (ku Southern Hemisphere, nthawi imeneyi imagwera pa Juni-Ogasiti) pakusamukira kumpoto kumadzi ofunda.
Pakadali pano, zovuta zazimuna zimakhala zopupuluma komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri. Amasonkhana m'magulu azaka khumi ndi ziwiri, akazi ozungulira, omwe amapikisana nawo kuti awoneke komanso nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kukwiya.
Mimba imathanso kupezeka mchaka mpaka Novembala. Zimakhala miyezi 11. Mayi wa nkhandwe amatha kupulumutsa moyo kwa mwana mmodzi yekha, yemwe nthawi zambiri amalemera pafupifupi tani imodzi mpaka kutalika mamita anayi.
Amadyetsedwa mkaka wamayi kwa miyezi 10, pomwe amapeza msinkhu komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Pamapeto pa nthawi yolerera, ana amasiya amayi awo ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha, ndipo amayi awo amatenganso pakati. Zobwerera m'mbuyo zimakula msinkhu wazaka zisanu.
M'nyanja yokongola, yodabwitsa komanso yochititsa mantha, pali nyama zambiri zomwe zimatha kutenga malingaliro. Pakati pawo pali anamgumi, omwe akuyenera kuti ndi amodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Anangumi a humpback amakhala amoyo chiwerengero cha zaka 4-5.
