Anthu awa aku Africa savanna amaonekera osati chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo, komanso kunja kwawo kosazolowereka. Zikuwoneka kuti chilengedwe sichidavutitse kwambiri ndipo "chidawachititsa khungu" pazomwe zinali pafupi: mutu ndi nyanga zamphongo, mane wa kavalo, thupi la ng'ombe, ndevu za mbuzi yakumapiri, ndi mchira wa bulu. M'malo mwake, ndi antelope. Nyumbu ndi yotchuka kwambiri mwa mitundu ya antelope yomwe ili padziko lapansi.
Anthu akomweko ku Africa amatcha nyumbu "nyama zamtchire". Ndipo mawu omwewo "nyumbu" adabwera kwa ife kuchokera kwa a Hottentots, monga kutsanzira mawu ofanana ndi omwe nyama izi zimapanga.
Kufotokozera kwa Nyumbu
Nyumbu ndi nyerere zodyera, gulu la artiodactyls, banja la bovids... Ali ndi abale apamtima, akunja, mosiyana kotheratu ndi iwo - nkhalango zam'madzi ndi congoni. Pali mitundu iwiri ya Nyumbu, malingana ndi mtundu wa utoto - buluu / mizere yoyera ndi yoyera. Mitundu yoyera ndi yoyera ndiyosowa kwambiri. Zitha kupezeka m'malo osungira zachilengedwe.
Maonekedwe
Nyumbu sangatchedwe khanda - 250 kg ya kulemera kwa ukonde wokhala ndi mita pafupifupi theka. Thupi ndi lamphamvu, lokhala ndi miyendo yopyapyala yopyapyala. Kufananitsana kumeneku kumapangitsa kudzimva kwachabechabe pakuwonekera kwa nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, mutu waukulu wa ng'ombe, wovekedwa ndi nyanga zakuthwa, zopindika komanso mbuzi - imakhala yopusa kwambiri, kapena yopanda pake. Makamaka Nyumbu akamapereka mawu - kutsitsa kwamphongo m'mapiri aku Africa. Sizodabwitsa kuti Nyamayi imasiyanitsidwa ndi banja lapadera - antelopes a ng'ombe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nyumbu, nyanga sizivala amuna okha, komanso akazi. Nyanga zamphongo ndizolimba komanso zolemera.
Thupi la nyumbu limakhala ndi ubweya. Nyama yamtchire yabuluu imakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yodutsa m'mbali mwa thupi pamtunda wakuda kapena wakuda buluu. Nyumbu zoyera, zonse zakuda kapena zofiirira, zimangowonekera kokha ndi burashi yoyera mchira ndi mane wakuda ndi woyera. Kunja amawoneka ngati kavalo wamanyanga kuposa mphalapala.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Chikhalidwe cha Nyumbu kuti chifanane ndi mawonekedwe ake - chodzaza ndi zoyambira komanso zotsutsana. Nyumbu zimathamanga mpaka 70 km pa ola limodzi.
- Zosayembekezereka - miniti yokha yapitayo, adanyamula udzu mwamtendere, ndikupukusa mchira wake kutali ndi tizilombo tosasangalatsa. Ndipo tsopano, akugwedeza maso ake, akuthawa ndikuthamangira chamutu, osapanga njira kapena misewu. Ndipo chifukwa chake "kuphulika" kwadzidzidzi sikumakhala kobisalira nthawi zonse. Kuukira kwadzidzidzi komanso mpikisano wamisala ndichikhalidwe cha Nyumbu - ndizo zifukwa zonse.
Komanso, malingaliro a nyama iyi amasintha modabwitsa. Mwina imakhala yosalakwa komanso yamtendere, ndiye kuti imakhala yowopsa mosayembekezereka - imayamba kuwononga zinyama zina zomwe zili pafupi, ndikukhomerera, kumenyerana, ndikumenyetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, imatero popanda chifukwa.
Kuukira kwankhanza kosayenera ndichikhalidwe cha Nyumbu - ndizo zifukwa zonse. Sikuti pachabe m'malo osungira nyama, ogwira ntchito amalimbikitsidwa kuti azisamala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Nyumbu, osati njati, mwachitsanzo. - Kuweta - Gnu antelopes amasungidwa m'magulu angapo, okhala ndi mitu 500 nthawi imodzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupulumuka m'malo okhala ndi nyama zolusa. Ngati wina adazindikira zoopsa, nthawi yomweyo amachenjeza ena ndi mawu amvekedwe, kenako gulu lonselo limathamangira kwina.
Ndi njira zamtunduwu, osagogoda limodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa Gnu kusokoneza mdani ndikugula nthawi. Ngati nyerere iyi idapachikidwa kukhoma, ndiye kuti imayamba kudziteteza mwamphamvu - kukankha ndi kuwombera. Ngakhale mikango ili pachiwopsezo choukira munthu wathanzi lamphamvu, posankha nyama zofooka, zodwala kapena ana pazolinga zawo. - Madera - gulu lililonse la Nyumbu lili ndi chiwembu chake, chodziwika ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi mtsogoleri. Ngati mlendo aphwanya malire amderalo, ndiye kuti Nyumbu, poyambira, ifotokoza zakusakwiya kwake ndi kununkhiza koopsa, kulira ndikukwapula pansi ndi nyanga. Ngati zinthu zowopsazi sizikhala ndi zotsatirapo, ndiye kuti Nyumbu imatha "nabychitsya" - adzaweramitsa mutu wake pansi ndikukonzekera kuukira. Kukula kwa nyangazi kumathandiza kuti gwapeyu azikhala wotsimikiza pamikangano yamagawo.
- Kusakhazikika - Gnu antelopes sakhala malo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Kusamuka kwawo kosalekeza kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kufunafuna chakudya - udzu wachinyamata wowutsa mudyo womwe umamera m'malo momwe muli madzi, ndipo nyengo yamvula imadutsa.
Kusunthika kwachinyama kwa nyama izi kumachitika kuyambira Meyi mpaka Novembala, nthawi zonse mbali yomweyo - kuchokera kumwera mpaka kumpoto komanso mosemphanitsa, kuwoloka mitsinje yomweyo, kuthana ndi zopinga zomwezo.
Njirayi imakhala msewu weniweni wamoyo. Ali panjira pali kuwunika mwankhanza ofooka ndi odwala. Olimba okha, athanzi komanso… amwayi ndi omwe amafika kumapeto. Nthawi zambiri, Nyamakazi zimafa osati chifukwa cha mano, koma pansi pa mapazi awo obadwa nawo, akuthamangira m'gulu lankhosa poyenda mwamphamvu kapena pakuwoloka mitsinje, pomwe pali kugunda pagombe. Si Nyumbu zonse zomwe zimakonda kusuntha malo. Ngati ng'ombe ili ndi udzu watsopano watsopano, ndiye kuti umakhazikika.
Kukonda madzi... Nyumbu ndi zakumwa madzi. Amafuna madzi ambiri akumwa, motero ali okondwa kusankha magombe azinyumba zodyetsera, bola ngati kulibe ng'ona zokhetsa magazi kumeneko. Madzi abwino, malo osambiramo matope ozizira komanso udzu wokongola ndi maloto a nyumbu zonse.
Chidwi... Khalidwe ili limawoneka ngati Nyumbu. Ngati antelope ili ndi chidwi ndi china chake, ndiye kuti chitha kuyandikira pafupi ndi chinthucho. Chidwi chidzagonjetsa mantha achilengedwe.
Ndi nyumbu zingati zomwe zimakhala
Kumtchire, Nyumbu imamasulidwa kwa zaka 20, osatinso. Pali zoopsa zambiri m'moyo wake. Koma ali mu ukapolo, ali ndi mwayi wonse wokulitsa zaka za moyo wawo kufikira kotala la zana.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Nyumbu ndi nzika zaku Africa, madera akumwera ndi kum'mawa. Ambiri mwa anthu - 70% adakhazikika ku Kenya. Otsala 30% adakhazikika ku Namibia ndi maiko ena aku Africa, posankha zigwa zaudzu, nkhalango ndi malo pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, kupewa malo ouma a chipululu.
Zakudya Zamtchire
Nyumbu ndi mphodza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maziko azakudya zake ndi chakudya chomera - msuzi wachinyamata wowutsa mudyo, mpaka 10 cm wamtali. Mitengo yayitali kwambiri ya Nyamayi siomwe mungakonde, chifukwa chake imakonda kudyetsa msipu pambuyo pa mbidzi, ikawononga kukula kwambiri, komwe kumatsekereza kufikira msipu waung'ono.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kwa ola limodzi lokha, Nyumbu imadya udzu 4-5 makilogalamu, kuthera maola 16 patsiku.
Popeza kusowa kwa chakudya chomwe amakonda, Nyumbu imatha kutsikira kumadzi, masamba a zitsamba ndi mitengo. Koma uku ndi njira yomaliza, mpaka gulu lankhosa likafika kumalo odyetserako ziweto.
Adani achilengedwe
Mikango, afisi, ng'ona, akambuku ndi akambwe ndi mdani wamkulu wa Nyumbu. Chilichonse chomwe chimatsalira pambuyo pa phwando lawo chimatoleredwa mosangalala ndi miimba.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nyongolotsi imayamba mu Epulo ndipo imatha miyezi itatu, mpaka kumapeto kwa Juni. Ino ndi nthawi yomwe amuna amakonzekeretsa masewera olimbana ndi kumenyana ndi azimayi. Nkhani siimapha komanso kuphana. Nyumbu zazimuna zimangodziponyera pakugwa, ndikugwada moyang'anizana. Yemwe amapambana, amatenga akazi 10-15 omwe ali ndi ufulu. Omwe amataya amakakamizidwa kudzipangira mmodzi kapena awiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kapangidwe ka ng'ombe zosamuka komanso zosasamuka za Nyumbu ndizosangalatsa. Magulu osamukirawo amaphatikizapo amuna ndi akazi komanso mibadwo yonse. Ndipo mu ziweto zomwe zimakhala moyo wongokhala, akazi azimayi omwe ali ndi ana mpaka chaka amadyetsa padera. Ndipo amuna amapanga magulu awo azachinyamata, amawasiya akatha msinkhu ndikuyesera kupeza gawo lawo.
Nthawi yoberekera ya Gnu imatenga miyezi yopitilira 8, motero anawo amabadwa m'nyengo yozizira yokha - mu Januware kapena February, panthawi yomwe nyengo yamvula imayamba, ndipo palibe chakudya.
Udzu watsopano umakula ndikudumphadumpha, monga ana ang'ono obadwa kumene. Pasanathe mphindi 20-30 atabadwa, ana a Nyumbu amaimirira pamapazi awo, ndipo pambuyo pa ola limodzi amathamanga kwambiri.
Antelope, monga lamulo, imabereka mwana wa ng'ombe m'modzi, osapitilira kawiri. Amadyetsa mkaka mpaka miyezi isanu ndi itatu, ngakhale ana amayamba kufinya udzu molawirira. Mwana wamayi akusamaliridwa ndi mayi kwa miyezi 9 ina pambuyo poti mkaka wake watha, ndipo pokhapokha amayamba kukhala payekha. Amayamba kukhwima ali ndi zaka 4.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwa ana atatu amphongo obadwa kumene a Nyumbu, ndi 1 yokha yomwe imakhalapo chaka chimodzi. Ena onse amakhala ozunzidwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
M'zaka za zana la 19, nyumbu idasakidwa ndi anthu wamba komanso atsamunda a Boer, omwe adadyetsa antchito awo nyama za nyama izi. Chiwonongekocho chinapitirira kwa zaka zoposa zana. Anazindikira nzeru zawo mu 1870, pomwe munalibe Nyumbu zoposa 600 mu Africa monse.
Wimbi lachiwiri la atsamunda a Boer adasamalira kupulumutsa mitundu ya nyere zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Anapanga malo otetezeka kuti atsalire zotsalira za ng'ombe zomwe zatsala. Pang`onopang`ono, chiwerengero cha antelopes buluu anabwezeretsedwa, koma lero mitundu yoyera woyera amapezeka kokha m'dera nkhokwe.
