Chaffinch (lat. Imodzi mwa mbalame zambiri zoimba ku Ulaya zafala kwambiri ku Asia ndi Mongolia, komanso m'malo ena ku North Africa.
Kufotokozera kwa glints
Chaffinch ndi mtundu wachi Russia, dzina lodziwika bwino la mbalame... Mkazi wa mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa finch kapena finch. Chaffinch imadziwikanso kuti siverukha ndi yurok, chaffinch ndi chugunok, chaffinch kapena snigirik.
Maonekedwe
Kukula kwa chinsalu chachikulire ndikofanana ndi magawo a omwe akuyimira odutsa, chifukwa chake kutalika kwa thupi sikuposa 14.5 cm, wokhala ndi mapiko a 24.5-28.5 masentimita. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala mkati mwa 15-40 g. ... Mchira umasindikizidwa kwambiri, osapitilira masentimita 68-71. Nthenga zake ndizolimba komanso zofewa, zokhala ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri.
Amuna achikulire amakhala ndi mutu ndi khosi laimvi labuluu, chipumi chakuda, komanso msuzi wabuluu wobiriwira wokhala ndi khungu lotuwa. Dera lumbar limakhala lobiriwira-chikasu mtundu, ndi nthenga zazitali zaimvi mchira wakumtunda. Mapiko aang'ono ndi apakatikati otchinga ndi oyera, pomwe mapiko akuluakuluwo amakhala akuda ndi nsonga yoyera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nyengo yamatayidwe ikangoyamba, mulomo wamphongo wamphongo wamphongo umakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu woyambirira kwambiri pamwamba pake, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira umakhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Mapiko oyendetsa ndege ndi abulauni okhala ndi zoyera kumapeto kwa mawebusayiti akunja. Mbali yonse yakumunsi kwa thupi la finch imasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wofiyira wofiirira. Akazi a oimira awa a banja la finch ali ndi nthenga zofiirira pansipa ndi nthenga zofiirira kumtunda. Achichepere kwambiri amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ofanana akunja ndi akazi. Iris yachikazi ndi yofiirira, ndipo milomoyo imakhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino chaka chonse.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
M'chaka, kubwera kwa mbalame m'chigawo chakumpoto kumawonedwa kuyambira zaka khumi zachiwiri za Epulo, ndipo mbalame zimabwereranso m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko lathu pafupifupi theka lachiwiri la Marichi. Madera akumwera alengezedwa ndi mawu a mbalame zomwe zafika kale kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena m'masiku khumi oyamba a Marichi.
M'dzinja, mbalame zimapita m'nyengo yozizira nthawi zosiyanasiyana - kuyambira koyambirira kwa Seputembara mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.... Mbalame zouluka zimauluka m'magulu akuluakulu, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi anthu mazana angapo. Paulendo, gulu lalikulu limatha kuchepa panjira kuti likadye m'malo olanda, kuphatikiza zigawo za North Caucasus.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zikopa zimaimiridwa ndi subspecies ambiri, omwe ndi osiyana kukula, komanso kutalika kwa milomo, mtundu wa nthenga ndi machitidwe ena.
Kum'mwera kwa malondawo, mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala m'gulu la mbalame zokhala pansi, zosamukasamuka komanso nyengo yachisanu, ndipo anthu okhala pakati ndi kumpoto amakhala oyimira mazira komanso oyimilira osamukira ku Passerine. Malire akumwera kwamtunduwu amakhala ndi zisa pang'ono komanso zosamukira kwina, osakhazikika pang'ono, ozizira nthawi zambiri komanso mbalame zambiri zosamukasamuka.
Kodi mbalame zazitali zimakhala bwanji?
Kumtchire, mbalame zimakhala pafupifupi zaka zingapo, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimakhudza zinthu zambiri zakunja. Ali mu ukapolo, zaka zolembetsedwa mwalamulo za chiyembekezo cha moyo wa woimira wodzichepetsa wa banja la finch ndi zaka khumi mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo omwe amagawidwa ndi mbalame zambiri amaimiridwa ndi:
- Europe;
- kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa;
- madera akumadzulo kwa Asia;
- mbali ya Sweden ndi Norway;
- madera ena ku Finland;
- Zilumba za Britain, Azores ndi Canary;
- Madeira ndi Morocco;
- Algeria ndi Tunisia;
- gawo la Asia Minor;
- Syria ndi kumpoto kwa Iran;
- gawo lina lakale pambuyo pa Soviet.
Anthu ochepa amapita m'nyengo yozizira kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Caspian, akuwulukira ku Iceland, zilumba za Britain kapena Faroe. Malo okhala mbalameyi ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha mbalame zamtunduwu ndi kupezeka kwa mitundu yonse yazomera zakomweko m'derali.
Monga lamulo, mbalamezi zimakhazikika m'malo okongola, omwe amaimiridwa ndi minda, madera a park ndi ma boulevards, komanso nkhalango zowoneka bwino, birch, msondodzi ndi mitengo ya paini. Nthawi zambiri, oimira banja la finch ndi mtundu wa finches amatha kupezeka pamphepete mwachangu komanso mosakanikirana, m'malo amphepo zam'madzi komanso madera ochepa nkhalango, komanso nkhalango zamtundu wa zilumba m'chigawo cha steppe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwa imodzi mwa mbalame zochuluka kwambiri mdziko lathu, zimakhala zikhalidwe kukhala m'nkhalango ndi m'malo osungira amtundu uliwonse, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu.
Kudyetsa zakudya
Pazakudya za oimira banja la a finches ndi mtundu wa zinsomba, mitundu yonse ya tizilombo imakhala m'malo otsogola. Pamaziko a kafukufuku wambiri wazakudya zam'mimba za mbalamezi, zinali zotheka kudziwa za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mbewu za udzu, zipatso zosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso za mbalame ngati chakudya.
Chakudya choyambira nyama chimakhala pachakudya cha mbalamezi kuyambira pakati pa masika mpaka mwezi watha wa chilimwe. Kwenikweni, mbalame zazinyama zimadyetsa tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono, tiziwononga mwamphumphu, zomwe ndi tizirombo toyambitsa nkhalango zowopsa.
Adani achilengedwe
Ngakhale kuti m'malo awo achilengedwe, mbalame zazinyama ndizodzichepetsa komanso zolimba kwambiri, osati nyengo ndi nyengo zokhazokha, komanso zomwe zimatchedwa chisokonezo munthawi ya zisa zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Zinthu monga jay, akhwangwala, magpies, akadzidzi tawny, agologolo, mpheta, ndi ermine. Pali milandu yodziwika ya ziwombankhanga zazikulu pamitengo ya mbalame.
Kubereka ndi ana
Zikakhala m'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimabwerera kumalo awo okhalirako ziwalo ngati ziweto za "amuna kapena akazi anzawo"... Amuna amabwera, monga lamulo, pang'ono kale kuposa akazi. Zizindikiro zazikulu zoyambira nthawi yoswana ndizoyimba zapadera zamphongo, zomwe zimafanana pang'ono ndi kulira kwankhuku, ndikusinthana ndi kuimba mokweza.
Zokwatirana zimatsagana ndi kuthawa kwa amuna kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana kupita kumalo ena, kuimba ndi kumenya nkhondo pafupipafupi. Oimira dongosolo la Passeriformes alibe mgwirizano weniweni. Njira yolumikizira mwachindunji imachitika pansi kapena pamitengo yayikulu yamitengo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ntchito yomanga zisa imayamba pafupifupi milungu inayi atafika. M'madera ena osiyanasiyana, mbalamezi zimatha kugwira zolimba zingapo m'nyengo yachilimwe.
Chisa chimamangidwa ndi akazi okha, koma ndi amuna omwe amapereka zonse zofunika kumalo omanga, omwe amatha kuyimiridwa ndi nthambi zowonda ndi nthambi, mizu ndi zimayambira. Mawonekedwe a chisa chomalizidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ozungulira, odulidwa pamwamba. Makoma ake akunja amakhala ndi zidutswa za moss kapena ndere, komanso khungwa la birch, lomwe limakhala ngati chinsinsi chobisalira bwino pa chisa.
Clutch yathunthu, monga lamulo, imakhala ndi mazira 4-7 a utoto wabuluu wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi zitsamba zazikulu komanso zosamveka bwino, zazikulu zofiirira. Mkazi amachita nawo makulitsidwe, ndipo tiana tating'ono timabadwa mosachepera milungu ingapo... Makolo onsewa amadyetsa ana awo, pogwiritsa ntchito izi makamaka mitundu ingapo yongokhala, yoyimiriridwa ndi akangaude, mbozi za sawfly, ndi mbozi za agulugufe. Anapiye amakhala pansi pa chitetezo cha makolo masiku khumi ndi anai, pambuyo pake mkaziyo amayamba kukonzekera kugwira ntchito yachiwiri, koma mu chisa china chatsopano.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa anthu onse ndi awa:
- kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala mbalame;
- kuchepetsa nkhalango "kucha";
- zinthu zofunika;
- kuwonongeka kwa zisa ndi kufa kwa mbalame mmenemo;
- kusakhazikika kwa chakudya;
- ntchito zosayenera za anthu.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kufalitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndikusowa kwa malo abwino okhala, chifukwa cha zomwe mbalame zimasiya kuberekana mwachangu mdera lina.
Zisa zaffinch nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka kumayambiriro kwa moyo wazisa - panthawi yomanga, pomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzizindikira. Komabe, mbalame zokhala ndi mbalame zouluka ku Ulaya pafupifupi mbalame pafupifupi 100 miliyoni. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe anali oimira banja la finch komanso mtundu wa finches adadziwikanso ku Asia.
