Nyalugwe wa Bengal (Latin Panthera tigris tigris kapena Panthera tigris bengalensis) ndi tinthu tating'ono ta kambuku yemwe ali m'gulu lachiwopsezo, banja la Feline ndi mtundu wa Panther. Akambuku a Bengal ndi nyama zadziko la Bengal kapena Bangladesh, komanso China ndi India.
Kufotokozera kambuku wa Bengal
Mbali yapadera ya kambuku wa Bengal ndi mtundu wobwezeretsanso, zikhadabo zakuthwa komanso zazitali kwambiri, komanso mchira wosindikiza bwino komanso nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri. Mwa zina, chilombochi chimamva bwino komanso kuwona bwino, motero nyama zotere zimatha kuwona bwino ngakhale mumdima wathunthu.... Kutalika kwa kambuku wamkulu ndi 8-9 m, ndipo kuthamanga kwakanthawi kochepa kumafika 60 km / h. Akambuku achikulire a ku Bengal amagona pafupifupi maola 17 pa tsiku.
Maonekedwe
Mtundu wa ubweya wa kambuku wa Bengal umakhala wachikaso mpaka wonyezimira, ndipo mikwingwirima pakhungu lake ndi bulauni yakuda, chokoleti chakuda kapena chakuda. Mbali yamimba ya nyama ndiyoyera, ndipo mchira wake umayeranso kwambiri, koma ndi mphete zakuda. Kusintha kwa subspecies a Bengal, kambuku woyera, amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mikwingwirima yakuda kapena yofiira pabulu loyera kapena loyera. Ndizosowa kwambiri kuwona akambuku oyera oyera opanda mikwingwirima paubweya wawo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kulemera kwa mbiri yamwamuna yemwe adaphedwa kumpoto kwa India pasanathe zaka zana zapitazo anali 388.7 kg. Pakadali pano, awa ndi omwe amalembetsa mwalamulo kulemera kwachilengedwe m'zinthu zodziwika bwino za tiger.
Kutalika kwakuthupi kwa nyalugwe wamwamuna wamkulu wa Bengal wokhala ndi mchira ndi 2.7-3.3 m kapena pang'ono pang'ono, ndipo chachikazi ndi 2.40-2.65 m. Kutalika kwake kwa mchira ndi 1.1 mita ndikutalika kwa kufota mkati mwa 90 -115 masentimita. Akambuku a Bengal pakadali pano ali ndi mayini akulu kwambiri amtundu uliwonse wa feline. Kutalika kwawo kumatha kupitirira 80-90 mm. Kulemera kwapakati pa mwamuna wachikulire wogonana ndi 223-275 kg, koma kulemera kwa ena, makamaka anthu akuluakulu, kumafikira 300-320 kg. Kulemera kwapakati pa mkazi wamkulu ndi 139.7-135 kg, ndipo kulemera kwake kwakuthupi kumafika 193 kg.
Moyo, machitidwe
Nyama zodyera monga akambuku a Bengal amakhala osamvana. Nthawi zina, pazolinga zina, amatha kusonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikiza anthu atatu kapena anayi. Mwamuna aliyense amateteza mwamphamvu dera lake, ndipo kubangula kwa nyama yolusa kumveka ngakhale patali makilomita atatu.
Akambuku a Bengal amakhala usiku, ndipo masana nyama izi zimakonda kupeza nyonga ndi kupumula... Nyama yamphamvu komanso yodetsa nkhawa, yothamanga kwambiri yomwe imapita kukasaka m'mawa kapena mbandakucha, imasiyidwa popanda nyama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kukula kwake kodabwitsa, kambuku wa Bengal amakwera mosavuta mitengo ndikukwera nthambi, komanso amasambira mwangwiro ndipo sawopa konse madzi.
Dera la malo amodzi olanda nyama limakhala kudera la 30-3000 km2, ndipo malire a tsambalo amadziwika ndi amuna ndi ndowe zawo, mkodzo ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "zokopa". Nthawi zina, dera lamwamuna m'modzi limaphimbidwa pang'ono ndi malo azimayi angapo, omwe amakhala ochepa.
Utali wamoyo
"Bengalis" amakonda nyengo yotentha komanso yachinyezi, momwe nthawi yayitali yamoyo imakhala pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Ali mu ukapolo, nyama zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu izi zolusa zimatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka pafupifupi kotala la zana.
Akambuku oyera oyera
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ndi ochepa ochepa amitundu yoyera ya nyalugwe wa Bengal (Panthera tigris tigris var. Alba), wopangidwa ndi asayansi akunja ngati zokongoletsera malo osungira nyama. Kuthengo, anthu oterewa sakanatha kusaka nthawi yotentha, chifukwa chake, sizimachitika mwachilengedwe. Nthawi zina akambuku oyera omwe amapezeka m'malo awo achilengedwe amakhala ndi mtundu wina wamtundu wawo. Mtundu wosowa woterewu umafotokozedwa ndi akatswiri malinga ndi mtundu wosakwanira wa pigment. Kambuku woyera amasiyana ndi anzawo omwe ali ndi khungu lofiira pamitundu yachilendo ya buluu.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mitundu yonse ya akambuku odziwika mpaka pano, kuphatikiza akambuku a Bengal, ali ndi ubweya wofanana ndi zonse zachilengedwe. Mitundu yonyamayi idafalikira m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha, madambo a mangrove, savanna, m'malo amiyala omwe amakhala mpaka mamita zikwi zitatu pamwamba pa nyanja.
Akambuku a Bengal amakhala ku Pakistan ndi kum'mawa kwa Iran, pakati ndi kumpoto kwa India, Nepal ndi Bhutan, komanso Bangladesh ndi Myanmar. Zinyama zolusa zamtunduwu zimapezeka pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Indus ndi Ganges, Rabbi ndi Satlij. Chiwerengero cha kambuku ngati ameneyu ndi ochepera 2.5 zikwi, omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chotsika. Masiku ano, nyalugwe wa Bengal ali mgulu la mitundu ingapo ya kambuku, ndipo awonongedweratu ku Afghanistan.
Zakudya za kambuku wa Bengal
Akambuku achikulire a Bengal amatha kusaka nyama zosiyanasiyana, koma zazikulu, zoyimiridwa ndi nkhumba zakutchire ndi agwape, agwape ndi agwape, mbuzi, njati ndi gauras, ndi njovu zazing'ono. Komanso, akambuku, mimbulu yofiira, nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe, osati ng'ona zazikulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama ya chilombo chotere.
Akambuku amakana kudya nyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana monga achule, nsomba, mbira ndi anyani, nungu ndi njoka, mbalame, ndi tizilombo... Akambuku samanyoza konse nyama zakufa konse. Kudya kamodzi, nyalugwe wamkulu wa ku Bengal amayamwa pafupifupi 35-40 kg ya nyama, koma pambuyo pa "phwando" loterolo nyama yodya nyama imatha kufa ndi njala pafupifupi milungu itatu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Tiyenera kudziwa kuti akambuku amphongo a Bengal samadya akalulu ndi nsomba, pomwe akazi amtunduwu, m'malo mwake, amadzipereka kudya chakudya chotere.
Akambuku a Bengal ndi oleza mtima kwambiri, amatha kuwonera nyama zawo kwa nthawi yayitali ndikusankha mphindi yabwino yoponya imodzi mwamphamvu komanso yamphamvu, yakupha. Wosankhidwayo amaphedwa ndi akambuku a Bengal mwakudzimangirira kapena kupunduka msana. Palinso milandu yodziwika bwino pomwe nyama yolusa yamtunduwu idazunza anthu. Akambuku ang'onoang'ono amapha ndi kuluma m'khosi. Pambuyo pakupha, nyamayo imasamutsidwa kupita kumalo otetezeka, komwe kumadyedwa mwakachetechete.
Kubereka ndi ana
Akazi a kambuku wa Bengal amafika pofika msinkhu wazaka zitatu mpaka zinayi, ndipo amuna amakula mpaka zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu. Akambuku amphongo amakumana ndi zazikazi makamaka kudera lawo. Mwamuna wokhwima pogonana amakhala ndi wamkazi nthawi yonse yozungulira, yomwe imatha masiku 20-80. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yayitali yokwanira yogonana siyidutsa masiku 3-7. Pambuyo pa kukwatira, yamphongo nthawi zonse imabwerera kumalo ake, motero satenga nawo gawo polera ana. Ngakhale kuti nyengo yoswana imatenga chaka chonse, imakwera pakati pa Novembala ndi Epulo.
Nthawi yoberekera ya nyalugwe wa Bengal ili pafupifupi masiku 98-110, pambuyo pake imabereka ana amphaka awiri kapena anayi. Nthawi zina mumakhala zinyalala zazing'ono m'matumba. Kulemera kwapakati pa mphaka ndi 900-1300 g. Amphaka obadwa kumene amakhala akhungu komanso osowa chochita, chifukwa chake amafunikira chisamaliro cha amayi ndi chitetezo. Mkaka wa m'mawere umatha kwa miyezi iwiri, kenako mayi amayamba kudyetsa ana ake ndi nyama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti kuyambira ali ndi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi, anawo amatha kusaka okha, amayesa kukhala ndi amayi awo mpaka atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi ndi theka, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zaka zitatu.
Makanda a akambuku aku Bengal amakonda kusewera komanso chidwi kwambiri... Ali ndi chaka chimodzi, akambuku ang'onoang'ono amatha kupha kanyama kakang'ono paokha. Pokhala ndi mantha kwambiri, ana aang'ono kwambiri ndi nyama zokoma za mikango ndi afisi. Amuna anyalugwe olimbitsidwa bwino komanso okula msinkhu amasiya "nyumba ya abambo" awo kuti apange gawo lawo, pomwe akazi amakonda kukhala kudera la amayi awo.
Adani achilengedwe
Akambuku a Bengal alibe adani ena m'chilengedwe.... Njovu, njati ndi zipembere sizisaka mwaluso akambuku, choncho chilombo chimangokhala chilombo chawo mwangozi. Mdani wamkulu wa "Bengalis" ndi anthu omwe amapatsa mafupa a chilombo zida zochiritsira ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati mankhwala ena. Nyama ya nyalugwe ya Bengal nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphikira zakudya zosiyanasiyana zakunja, ndipo zikhadabo, vibrissae ndi mano zikufunika pakupanga zithumwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Akambuku a Bengal amaphatikizidwa mu IUCN Red Data Book ngati nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, komanso Msonkhano wa CITES. Masiku ano, padziko lapansi pali akambuku pafupifupi 3250-4700 a Bengal, kuphatikiza nyama zomwe zimakhala m'malo osungira nyama ndipo zimasungidwa m'ma circus. Zowopseza zazikuluzikuluzi ndikupha ndi kuwononga malo achilengedwe a oimira nyama ya Feline ndi mtundu wa Panther.
