Nyama yamphongo yachilendo imatha kunyamula maudindo awiri monyadira - yokongola kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo yayikulu kwambiri ya anyani omwe sianthu. Izi ndi sphinx kapena mandrill - woimira mtundu wa Mandrillus ndi mtundu wa Mandrillus sphinx.
Kufotokozera kwa mandrill
Ndi m'gulu la anyani ndipo ndi abale apafupi kwambiri a dril. Mitundu yonse iwiri (pamodzi ndi mitundu ingapo) imaphatikizidwa mgulu la anyani.
Maonekedwe
M'malo ake achilengedwe (pamiyendo inayi), nyani wamkuluyu amafanana ndi nyama zitatu nthawi imodzi - nguluwe, galu ndi anyani... Mutu waukuluwo umalumikizana ndi mphuno yolunjika, yowongoka yomwe ingakhale ngati galu ngati si mphuno yokhala ndi mphuno zowongoka. Izi zimapatsa mandrill mawonekedwe ngati nkhumba, omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi nsagwada yakumunsi.
Nyani wamphongo amakhala pafupi, maso ozungulira komanso makutu owoneka bwino okhala ndi nsonga zazing'ono. Mano akulu amawoneka mkamwa otseguka, pakati pawo pali ziphuphu zakuthwa komanso zazitali, zokumbutsa zomwe zimakonda kudya. Mbalame zoyera zoyera zimamera mozungulira mphuno, zothandizidwa ndi ndevu zachikaso, zofupikitsa zachimuna. Palibe zomera zomwe zimawonedwa kumtunda kwa mphuno (mpaka kuthengo). Mchira wofewetsa wa mandrill umawoneka ngati wodulidwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwamuna, ataimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, adzakhala wofanana ndi midget wamtali masentimita 80. Mkaziyo ndi wocheperako - masentimita 55-57 (ndi kulemera kwa 12-15 kg). Amuna amalandila misa yochititsa chidwi kwambiri: kuchokera pa makilogalamu 36 mpaka 54.
Mandrill ali pafupifupi ofanana kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo kukula. Mitunduyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi anyani ena okhala ndi miyendo yocheperako komanso kanjedza, komanso zala zazitali. Anyani ali okutidwa kwathunthu ndi tsitsi lalitali, kufupikitsa kokha pa miyendo ndi mikono. Chovalacho chili moyandikana ndi thupi ndipo chimatuluka ndi kansalu kokha pamwamba pa nsidze. Chofunika kwambiri chakunja ndikutulutsa kwamitundu yambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, maliseche amphongo, opakidwa utoto wabuluu, wofiira komanso wofiirira, amadziwika kwambiri. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mphuno zofiira kwambiri ndi mlatho wammphuno, womwe umalumikizidwa ndi mikwingwirima yaimvi ya imvi (yotchuka kwambiri komanso yayikulu mwa amuna). Malingaliro amtambo wabuluu amakhalanso kumbuyo kwa ntchafu ndi kumbuyo kwake moyandikira. Chiyambi chachikulu cha chovalacho ndi imvi zofiirira, ndikusandulika kuwala (kuyera) pamimba.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mandrill amakhala m'mabanja akulu a anthu 15-30. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi abale amwazi - akazi achikulire 5-10 okhala ndi ana, otsogozedwa ndi alpha wamwamuna. Anyani amawerengedwa kuti amangokhala ndipo samapitilira malire a chiwembu chofika 40-50 mita mita. Km.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mandrill ndi anyani okha ku Old World okhala ndi zotulutsa za khungu zomwe zimatha kupanga zotulutsa zonunkhira. Nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi awa polemba madera awo.
Ndi chakudya chochuluka, mabanja angapo amagwirizana m'magulu a mitu 200 kapena kupitilira apo, kugwa msanga msipu ukauma. Gulu loyimira kwambiri la mandrill lidawonedwa ku Gabon National Park: akatswiri azamoyo amawerengera anyani 1,3,000 mmenemo. Masana, monga lamulo, m'mawa, nyama zimapita kukafunafuna chakudya - zimawunika malowo, kusanthula udzu ndikusandutsa miyala. Zomwe amapeza zimadyedwa pomwepo, kapena amakwera mitengo ndikudya komweko.
Pambuyo pokhutitsa njala yawo, ma mandrill achikulire amayamba njira zamachitidwe (kusanja ubweya, kufunafuna tizilomboto), ana amayamba masewera, ndipo amuna amapeza kuti ndani mwa iwo ali ndi mphamvu yozizira kwambiri pagulu. Banja liri ndi ukapolo wolimba, wokwezedwa pamlingo wathunthu. Ulamuliro wa mtsogoleriyo ndi wosatsutsika - amuna otsika, achinyamata omwe akukula komanso akazi onse amamumvera mosakaikira.
Udindo wamutu sikuti amangopanga njira zabwino zodyera, komanso kuwongolera mikangano mgululi. Mwa izi amathandizidwa ndikung'ung'udza kwamphamvu kwa magawo awiri ndikutsanzira, komwe kumapangidwira kuti azitsogolera banja pakukwera komanso kuteteza achichepere kuzinthu zopupuluma. Alfa wamwamuna sanazolowere kukhala wofanana ndi amondi ndipo amaika opandukawo m'malo mwawo posamvera pang'ono, makamaka atagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Amuna okhwima amayesetsa kukana abambo awo asanakwanitse zaka 4-5, koma kuyesayesa kwawo kulanda mphamvu kumalephera nthawi zonse.
Kodi mandrill amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Nyaniwa amakhala motalika kokwanira - mpaka zaka 40-50 mosamala (pang'ono pang'ono mwachilengedwe).
Zofunika! M'malo opangira, nthawi zambiri amaphatikizana ndi mitundu ina, ndikupatsa ana otheka. Ana athanzi amawoneka pomwe mandrill asakanizidwa ndi anyani, ma dril ndi mangabey.
Chosiyana ndikulumikiza kwa mandrill ndi macaque, chifukwa chake anyani ofooka komanso osawoneka amabadwa.... Mandrill (chifukwa cha utawaleza wawo) ndizopambana nthawi zonse ndi alendo opita kumalo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi.
Banja limodzi la ma mandrill, lomwe lidabwera kuchokera ku Europe, tsopano likukhala ku Zoo Moscow. Wamphongo, akazi angapo ndi ana awo amakhala m'makola awiri olumikizana. Kutalika kwa anyani kumalo osungira nyama kwadutsa kale zaka 10.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mandrill amakhala kumadzulo kwa Africa, makamaka ku Gabon, South Cameroon ndi Congo. Nyama zimakonda nkhalango zamvula (zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri), nthawi zina zimakhala m'malo athanthwe. Mandrill ndiofala kwambiri ku savannah.
Mandrill nyani zakudya
Ngakhale nyama zam'mimba zamtundu wankhanza, zomera zimakhazikika pachakudya chawo, mpaka 92% yazakudya zomwe amadya. Menyu ya mandrill imaphatikizaponso mbewu zopitilira 110 zokhala ndi magawo odyera monga:
- zipatso;
- masamba;
- mbewu;
- mtedza;
- zimayambira;
- khungwa.
Ng'ombe ya mandrill imapezeka pansi ndi pamitengo, kusungunula zipatso kuchokera pakhungu ndi masamba.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mandrill (kuwonjezera pa chakudya chomwe amapeza ndi manja awo) samanyoza zotsalira za maphwando a anyani ena, mwachitsanzo, anyani. Omalizawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chotukuka m'mitengo, ndipo zidutswa zomwe amadya theka zimawuluka, zomwe ndizomwe ma mandrill amagwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, chakudyacho chimakhala chodzaza ndi mapuloteni azinyama, omwe "amawapatsa" nyama zosiyanasiyana:
- nyerere ndi chiswe;
- kafadala;
- ziwala;
- Nkhono;
- zinkhanira;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono;
- achule;
- anapiye ndi mazira a mbalame.
Pazokonda za gastronomic, mandrill sigwirizana ndi anyani, omwe samakhutira ndi nyama zazing'ono, koma amafunafuna nyama zazikulu (mwachitsanzo, antelopes achichepere). Nthawi zambiri, mabanja angapo amasonkhana nthawi imodzi paminda yokhala ndi malo ambiri odyetsera. Mu ukapolo, menyu a mandrill amasintha pang'ono... Chifukwa chake, ku Zoo ya Moscow, anyani amadyetsedwa katatu patsiku, amapereka zipatso ndi ma crackers pachakudya cham'mawa, chimanga, zipatso zouma, mtedza ndi kanyumba kanyumba nkhomaliro, ndi nyama, masamba ndi mazira pachakudya chamadzulo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nyengo yokwatirana imagwirizana ndi chilala chomwe chimayamba kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala. M'miyezi iyi, mtsogoleri amatenga mwachidwi akazi onse okhwima ogonana, osalola aliyense wa iwo kukhala ndi chibwenzi kumbali.
Alfa wamwamuna ali ndi akazi onse "omwe amawakonda", komanso omwe samakonda kwambiri. Sizosadabwitsa kuti ana onse omwe akazi amabwera ndiye olowa m'malo mwachindunji a mtsogoleriyo. Kukonzekera kwa nyani kuti agonane kumadziwika ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "khungu loberekera" lomwe limakhala m'dera la anogenital. Mu mandrill ya achikulire, mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri imawonedwa nthawi yoswana.
Zofunika! Mzimayi, gawo lina la estrus limakhudza dera komanso kuwala kwa "khungu logonana" (lomwe limasintha mtundu pakulamula kwa mahomoni ogonana). Uchembere wamkazi umadziwika pasanathe miyezi 39, mwa abambo patapita nthawi.
Kubala kumatenga miyezi 8, kenako mwana wamwamuna mmodzi amabadwa. Kubereka makamaka kumachitika kuyambira Disembala mpaka Epulo, nthawi yomwe ndimaona kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri kudyetsa. Mwangomaliza kumene kubereka, mayiyo, akumukumbatira mwanayo modekha, amamugwiritsa ntchito kubere. Patatha milungu ingapo, nyani wamng'onoyo wakhala kale pamsana pa mayiyo, atamatira mwamphamvu ubweya wake.
Mwanayo amakhala wodziyimira pawokha pafupifupi chaka chachitatu cha moyo wake, osayiwala, komabe, kubwerera kwa kholo kukapuma usiku watsiku ndi tsiku. Atakhwima, achichepere amagawika: amuna akulu amasiya gululo, ndipo akazi amakhalabe m'banjamo, kudzaza azimayi.
Adani achilengedwe
Chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwa amuna komanso kutha kukwera mitengo, ma mandrill alibe adani achilengedwe... Chiwopsezo chachikulu chimabwera ndi akambuku othamanga komanso opanda chifundo, omwe ndiosavuta makamaka kwa anyani achichepere komanso odwala.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kuopseza kwenikweni kwazimiririka kukuyandikira kwambiri. Ndi chizindikiro chotere, mitunduyi idaphatikizidwa mu Zowonjezera I, zomwe zidatchulidwa ku Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
Zofunika! Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa ziweto chimawerengedwa kuti chikuwononga malo awo azikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuko ena aku Africa amasaka anyani potchera matupi awo kuti aphike.
Unceremoniousness wa anyaniwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amawononga minda yolimidwa ndi minda yam'midzi, zimawonjezera mavuto pachibwenzi. Nzika sizingathe kulimbana ndi anyani onyada komanso amphamvu, posankha kutaya gawo la zokolola m'malo molimbana nawo... Akuluakulu amalimbikitsanso anthu akumaloko kuti akhale opanga maluso: Ma nkhope aku Africa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto womwe umabwereza mitundu yamtundu wa mandrill.
