Amur sleeper, kapena Amur sleeper, kapena grass, kapena firebrand (Perssottus glienii) ndi mtundu wa nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray za banja la mitengo ndipo ndiye yekha amene amayimira nkhuni (Perssotus). M'mabukuwa mumapezeka dzina lolakwika lachi Latin: glеhni kapena glеnhi. Dzinalo la mtundu - Persottus nawonso ndi wolakwika.
Kufotokozera kwa rotan
Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka zapitazi, pakati pa akatswiri akunja ndi akunja, rotan nthawi zambiri amayamba kutchedwa Amur goby, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a nsomba zoterezi.
Maonekedwe
Ma Rotan, kapena maudzu, ali ndi thupi lolimba komanso lalifupi, lokutidwa ndi masikelo ofatsa komanso apakatikati.... Chowotcha cha rotan chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wosinthika, komabe, mabatani obiriwira ndi obiriwira ndi ofunikira kwambiri, okhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono ndi mikwingwirima yachilendo. Kudetsa kwa m'mimba, monga lamulo, ndi mtundu wopanda tanthauzo wa imvi. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo ya kukwatira, ma rotan amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumasiyana kutengera momwe zinthu zilili, koma pafupifupi masentimita 14-25. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa nsomba yayikulu ndi 480-500 g.
Mutu wa ma rotan ndiwokulirapo, wokhala ndi pakamwa lalikulu, wokhala ndi mano ang'onoang'ono komanso owongoka, omwe amakonzedwa m'mizere ingapo. Zophimba za nsomba zili ndi msana wobwerera m'mbuyo, mawonekedwe a nsomba zonse zonga nsomba. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa ogona Amur ndikupanga msana wofewa ndi zipsepse zofewa zopanda minga zosongoka.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'madzi osungira mchenga, mamba a ogona a Amur ndi ochepera kuposa omwe amakhala m'madzi akuthwa. Pofika nthawi yobala, pafupifupi mu Meyi-Julayi, yamphongo imasanduka mtundu wakuda kwambiri, pomwe mkaziyo amakhala ndi utoto wowala.
Zipsepse ziwiri m'chigawo chakumbuyo, koma kumapeto kwake kumakhala kotalikirapo. Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi zipsepse zazifupi zamphongo zazikulu, zazikuluzikulu zakuzungulira. Mchira wa nsomba umalinso wozungulira. Mwambiri, ogona Amur amafanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba wamba, koma ali ndi zipsepse zazing'ono zazing'ono.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ma Rotan sangakhale ndi moyo atazizira kwambiri, koma madzi akazizira, chifukwa shuga ndi glycerin, zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi nsomba, mchere wambiri m'matumba ndi madzi umakulirakulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa crystallization. Chifukwa chake, madzi atangomira, ma rotan amatha kubwerera kuzinthu zomwe amachita.
Peressottus glienii amakonda matupi amphumphu, maiwe ndi madambo... Nsomba zamtunduwu ndizodzichepetsa kwambiri kuzinthu zakunja, kuphatikiza kuchepa kwa oxygen, koma zimayesetsa kupewa malo osungira mwachangu kapena mosachedwa. Woyimira yekhayo wa malo amoto amakhala m'mayiwe, amapezeka m'madzi ang'onoang'ono, odzaza ndi madambo, komanso ma oxbows amitsinje.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ma Rotans amatha kupirira mosavuta kuyanika pang'ono kuchokera m'madamu ndikumazizira kwamadzi mpaka pansi nthawi yozizira, komanso amakhala ndi moyo wangwiro ngakhale m'madzi owonongeka.
Nsomba yokhala pansi, imasaka mwachangu limodzi ndi nyama zina zobisalira - zobisala m'nkhalango zowirira zamadzi. M'zaka khumi zapitazi za Disembala, nsomba zimapangika kwambiri m'matanthwe a ayezi, omwe amadzaza ndi madzi oundana am'malere. Munthawi imeneyi dzanzi, nsomba zimabisala mpaka masika. M'madamu pafupi ndi Moscow, zowotcha za rotan, monga lamulo, sizimangobisa.
Utali wamoyo
Nthawi yayitali yogona kwa Amur wogona m'malo abwino kwambiri amakhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu, koma gawo lalikulu la anthu amakhala zaka pafupifupi 8-10.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Poyambirira, madera amtsinje wa Amur, komanso gawo lakum'mawa kwa Russia, zigawo zakumpoto kwa North Korea ndi dera lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, anali malo okhala rotan. Kuwonekera kwa nthumwi yokhayo ya mtundu wa nkhuni mzaka zapitazi mu beseni la Nyanja ya Baikal kumaganiziridwa ndi asayansi ambiri chifukwa cha kuipitsa kwachilengedwe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Lero kupezeka kwa rotan kumadziwika m'mabeseni a mitsinje monga Volga ndi Dnieper, Don ndi Dniester, Danube ndi Irtysh, Ural ndi Styr, komanso Ob, komwe nsomba iyi imakonda matupi amadzi osasunthika.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri, ma rotan adatulutsidwa m'madamu a St. Petersburg, koma kenako adafalikira pafupifupi kulikonse ku Northern Eurasia ndi Russia, komanso m'maiko ambiri aku Europe. M'madamu omwe amakhala ndi nsomba zodziwika bwino komanso mitundu yambiri yazinyama, kulibe chakudya chaulere. M'madamu oterewa, Amur akugona modzichepetsa amakhala makamaka kufupi ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mu zomera, chifukwa chake, palibe vuto lililonse popezeka ndi ichthyofauna.
Zakudya, zakudya
Ma Rotan ndi nyama zodya nyama zam'madzi... Ngati poyamba amagwiritsira ntchito mwachangu kudyetsa zooplankton, ndiye patapita kanthawi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambirimbiri ndi benthos zimakhala chakudya cha nsomba. Akuluakulu amachita mwakhama mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya nsomba, leeches ndi newtts, komanso tadpoles. Mitu yayikulu imatha kudyetsa caviar ya nsomba zina komanso ngakhale zovunda. Mitunduyi imakhala yowona bwino, chifukwa imawona nyama yake ili patali, kenako pang'onopang'ono, "dashes" imayandikira wovulalayo, imagwira ntchito kwakanthawi kokha ndi zipsepse zake zamchiuno. Kusuntha kwa rotan yosaka ndikuchedwa komanso bata, ndipo nsomba imadziwika ndi ukadaulo, yomwe imalola kuti izipanga zosankha zazing'ono pamavuto.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakati pa rotan, kudya nyama kwakhala kofala ngati nsomba zazikulu zomwe zimadya anthu ang'onoang'ono amtundu wawo, chifukwa nyambo imameza kwambiri posodza.
M'madamu ang'onoang'ono, Amur akugona mwachangu amakhala ochulukirapo, chifukwa chake amatha kupha kwathunthu osavuta pafupifupi onse oimira mitundu ina ya nsomba zosadya nyama. Ma Rotan ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri samadziwa tanthauzo la kuchuluka kwa zakudya. Nsombazo zikadzaza, zimakulira kuwirikiza katatu kuposa momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse. Ma rotan okhuta amapita pansi, pomwe amatha kukhala mpaka masiku atatu, kuyesera kugaya chakudya.
Kubereka kwa rotan
Zoyatsira moto za Rotan zimakhwima pakumagonana pafupifupi chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha moyo. Nthawi yogwirira ntchito imayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Mkazi wamba wa nthumwi yokhayo yoyimira moto amatha kusesa mpaka mazira chikwi chimodzi. Nthawi yobereka, amuna samangotembenuza mtundu wakuda, komanso amakhala ndi mtundu wokula womwe umawonekera mdera lakumaso. Akazi a Perssotus glienii, mbali inayo, amadziwika ndi mitundu yoyera, yoyera panthawi yobereka, chifukwa anthu okhwima amakhala owonekera bwino m'madzi amphepo.
Mazira a Rotan amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo oblong ndi mitundu yachikaso. Dzira lirilonse liri ndi tsinde la ulusi, chifukwa chake limakhala lolimba kwambiri komanso lokhazikika pakama. Popeza mazira onse amapachika momasuka ndipo amasambitsidwa pafupipafupi ndi madzi, mphamvu zawo zimawonjezeka kwambiri. Mazira onse omwe amadziwika ndi akazi amatetezedwa nthawi zonse ndi abambo, omwe amakhala okonzeka kuteteza ana awo ndikuwateteza ku nyama zina zilizonse zam'madzi. Komabe, ngati ma rotan atha kudziteteza bwino ku zovuta za verkhovka kapena ruff, ndiye kuti ndi nyama yolanda nyama yam'madzi imeneyi imakhala ndi mwayi wosafanana ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha.
Pambuyo pa mphutsi za Amur sleeper zikayamba kutuluka kuchokera m'mazira, nthawi zambiri ana amamezedwa ndi champhongo chomwecho - uku ndikumenyana kwa anthu azaka zosiyanasiyana kuti apulumuke. Mitengo yamoto imatha kukhala ngakhale m'madzi amchere pang'ono, koma njira yoberekera imatha kuchitidwa m'madzi amadzi abwino. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona moyo, komanso kubereka komanso zizolowezi za Amur wogona m'malo am'madzi am'madzi. Ali mu ukapolo, zizolowezi za chilombo chowoneka zimawonekera, zomwe zimabisala pakati pa zomera ndikuukira nyama yake mwachangu mphezi.
Zofunika!Mkhalidwe wabwino kwambiri wobereketsa mwachangu wa omwe akuyimira moto ndi kupezeka kwa kutentha kwamadzi mkati mwa 15-20 ° С.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe kwambiri a Perssotus glienii ndi Amur pike (Esokh reisherti), Amur catfish (Parasilurus asotus), mutu wa njoka ya Amur (Channa argus), komanso nyama zina zazikulu zam'madzi.
Mtengo wamalonda
Pakadali pano, kufunafuna njira zothandiza kwambiri zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa nyama zam'madzi zoterezi.... M'minda yambiri yamadziwe, ma rotan amapweteketsa kwambiri pakudya mazira ndikuwononga ana a nsomba zamtengo wapatali.
Zinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri za ogona Amur zidalola kuti nthumwi yokhayo yamtundu wa zozimitsa moto ikhale mtundu wowopsa wowopsa, womwe unakhazikika munthawi yochepa ndikupitilizabe kutengera matupi amadzi mwatsopano, ngakhale kutali kwambiri ndi mbiri yakale.
Mabuku olemba amalemba za omurivorous amur sleeper, omwe amawononga nyama zam'mimba zam'magulu pafupifupi pafupifupi magulu onse, koma amakonda kupatsa zamoyo. M'mimba mwa nsomba wamkulu, munthu amatha kuwona kupezeka kwa tadpoles, mazira ndi nsomba zazing'ono zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'matupi amadzi achilengedwe komanso opangidwa ndi anthu ochulukirapo, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimadya nyama zopanda mafupa zomwe zimagwera m'madzi. Chakudya chodzala m'mimba mwa nsomba zotere sichimawoneka kawirikawiri.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri komanso pamikhalidwe yabwino ya ogula, zabwino za nyama yovunda ya thupi la munthu zimadziwikanso. Zothandiza za nsombazi zimachokera ku mavitamini ndi mchere wambiri, mavitamini "PP", sulfure ndi zinc, fluorine ndi molybdenum, chlorine ndi chromium, nickel.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ma Rotan ali mgulu la nsomba zamasamba, zomwe zimatha kusamutsa mitundu ina ya nsomba kuchokera m'nyanjayi kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwawo. Tsopano kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kuli pamlingo wokwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake njira zakulimbana ndi nthumwi yokhayo yoyimira moto, yomwe imabweretsa mavuto ambiri padziwe ndi chuma chamadzi, ikukonzedwa pano. Pakakhala nyama zolusa zam'madzi, ogona Amur, monga lamulo, amasamutsa nsomba zonse monga roach, dace ngakhalenso crucian carp.
Ofufuza tsopano apeza njira zingapo zachilengedwe zopondereza anthu onse, kuphatikiza kuchotsa zodzitetezera, kutchera msampha, kutolera nthawi ndi nthawi mazira m'malo oberekera, ndikukhazikitsa malo opangira zamoyo.
Zofunika!Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa maukonde apadera otetezera mkati mwa misampha yonse ya nsomba.
Njira yothandiziranso ntchito yapangidwa kuti ichepetse kuchuluka kwa anthu ogona ku Amur, koma njira yabwino kwambiri pakadali pano ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zofunikira: kugwiritsa ntchito ichthyocides, kuthandizira posungira pafupi ndi madzi ofulumira komanso amoniya, kuchotsedwa kwa masamba am'madzi, komanso kuyala kwa mabedi amadziwe okwanira madzi. ...
Ndikusowa kwakukulu kwa mitundu ina ya chakudya, anthu akulu kwambiri komanso otukuka kwambiri ogona ku Amur amadya oimira ang'onoang'ono amitundu yawo momwe angathere. Mwa njira iyi kuti kukula kwa anthu a Perssotus glienii kumasungidwa pazizindikiro zokhazikika.
