Wombats, kapena wombats (Vombatidae), ndi nthumwi za banja la nyama zakutchire, zomwe ndizoyendetsedwa ndi ma incisors awiri, okhala ku Australia. Ma wombat onse akubowola, omweta kwambiri, ofanana ndi zimbalangondo zazing'ono kwambiri kapena ma hamsters akulu kwambiri.
Kufotokozera kwa wombat
Zinyama zochokera kuzinyama zakuthwa konsekonse ndi banja la Wombat zidakhala padziko lathuli zaka zoposa mamiliyoni khumi zapitazo, zomwe zikuwonetseratu kuyambiranso kwachilendo kwa nyama imeneyi. Mitundu yambiri ya ma wombat idasowa kale, kotero pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri yokha kuchokera kubanja la wombat yomwe ikuyimira nyama zamasiku ano: wometa tsitsi lalifupi, ndi womata tsitsi lalitali kapena Queensland wombat.
Maonekedwe
Wombats ndi omwe amayimira nyama zakuya.... Kulemera kwapakati pa nyama yayikulu ndi makilogalamu 20 mpaka 40 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 70-120. Wombat ali ndi malamulo okhwima komanso ophatikizika, ali ndi thupi laling'ono, mutu wawukulu komanso miyendo inayi yamphamvu. Wombats amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mchira wawung'ono, womwe umawonedwa kuti sunakule. Chovala cha nyamayo chimakhala ndi imvi kapena phulusa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kumbuyo kwa herbivore kumangidwa mwapadera - ndipamene pali mafupa ndi karoti yambiri, yokutidwa ndi khungu lolimba kwambiri, lomwe limakhala ngati chitetezo choteteza kwa wombat.
Adani achilengedwe akamaopseza kuti alowa mu bowo lachilendo, ma wombat nthawi zambiri amatulutsa msana wawo poteteza kapena kutseka njira yolowera kunyumba kwawo. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa, kumbuyo kumatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chida chophwanya mdani. Ngakhale ali ndi miyendo yayifupi, ma wombat, akamayenda, amakula msanga mpaka 40 km / h, komanso amatha kukwera mtengo komanso amasambira bwino.
Chidwi chimakopeka kumutu kwa "zimbalangondo" zoterezi... Mutu ndi waukulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa thupi, pomwe limakhala lathyathyathya pang'ono, ndi kupezeka kwa maso amphako m'mbali. Pakakhala zoopsa zenizeni, wombat imatha kudzitchinjiriza yokha, komanso kuwukira moyenera ndi mutu wake, pogwiritsa ntchito izi poyenda.
Nsagwada, komanso mano a nyama, momwe amapangidwira ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ziwalo zoyambirira zopangira chakudya cha makoswe. Mwa nyama zina zakutchire, ndi ma wombat omwe ali ndi mano ochepa: mizere yakumtunda ndi yotsika imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mano amtundu wakutsogolo, komanso mano otafuna. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama ilibe mano achikhalidwe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Wombats amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha luso lokumba, ndipo amatha kupanga labyrinths yonse mobisa. Ndi chifukwa chake ma wombat nthawi zambiri amatchedwa akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito komanso ofukula kwambiri.
Miyendo ya wombat ndiyolimba kwambiri komanso yolimba, yolimba kwambiri, yokhala ndi zikhadabo zomwe zili pazala zonse zisanu za pachikopa chilichonse. Mafupa olimba a miyendo amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wa nyama. Mothandizidwa ndi mawondo awo, "zimbalangondo" zazikulu zazing'ono zimatha kukumba maenje abwino komanso otakasuka. Ma tunnel omwe amatulutsa nthawi zambiri amafika kutalika kwa 18-20 mita ndi mulifupi 2.5-3.0 mita. Oimira gulu lankhondo la Dvoretstsovye marsupials ndi banja la Wombat molimba amamanga mtundu wa "nyumba zachifumu" zobisika momwe mabanja onse amakhala.
Moyo wa Wombat
Wombats amakhala mobisa kwambiri ndipo amakhala usiku, chifukwa chachikulu pakusankha malo okhala ndikupezeka kwa nthaka youma pakalibe miyala yayikulu, madzi apansi ndi mizu yamitengo. Wombat amakhala nthawi yayitali patsiku ali mkati mwa dzenje lake. Kupuma ndi kugona kumachitika masana, ndipo mdima ukayamba, nyamayo imakwera m'chipinda cham'mwamba, imafunda kapena kudzilimbitsa.
Oyimira ma wombat amakonda kukhala m'magulu akulu, chifukwa chake gawo la moyo wawo ndiwopatsa chidwi. Malire a dera lake, omwe akhoza kukhala mahekitala angapo, amadziwika ndi mtundu wa zinyalala zazinyama. Mwachilengedwe chawo, ma wombat ndi ochezeka komanso samawopa anthu, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala osowa kunyumba.
Utali wamoyo
Monga zaka zambiri zafukufuku wasayansi ndikuwona kwachilengedwe zikuwonetsa, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa wombat m'malo achilengedwe siyopitilira zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Ali mu ukapolo, nyama yoyamwitsa imatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi kotala la zana, koma nthawiyo imadalira momwe amasungidwira komanso momwe amadyera.
Mitundu ya ma wombat
Pakadali pano, banjali limaphatikizapo mitundu itatu yamasiku ano, yomwe imaphatikizidwa m'magulu awiri:
- Mtundu wa Lаsiоrhinus. Ma tsitsi okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali, kapena aubweya waubweya, kapena aubweya (Lаsiоrhinus) ndi nyama zochokera kuzinyama zakutchire. Nyama yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 77-100 cm, mchira wa 25-60 mm ndikulemera kwa 19-32 kg. Ubweyawo ndi wofewa komanso wautali, wamtundu wa bulauni kumbuyo, ndi woyera pachifuwa ndi masaya. Makutuwo ndi ang'onoang'ono komanso amakona atatu;
- Genus Vombatus. Tsitsi lalifupi, kapena lopanda ubweya, kapena ma Tasmanian wombats (Vombatus ursinus) ndi nyama za mitundu yazinyama zam'madzi. Woyimira wamakono yekhayo wamtundu wamabele wamaliseche.
Ndizosangalatsa! Diprotodon anali wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa oimira wombat, koma woyimira wamkulu chabe wa ma marsupial adamwalira pafupifupi zaka zikwi makumi anayi zapitazo.
Kuchokera pagulu la Queensland wombat lero pali anthu opitilira zana omwe amasungidwa m'malo osungira zachilengedwe ku Queensland. Chotambala chakumphumi cha mtundu wa Lаsiоrhinus chimakhala ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi mita, khungu loyera ndi imvi zoyambirira zakuthwa.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Amakolo a ma wombat anali ochepa kukula, okhazikika pamitengo, ndikusunthira kuchoka ku nthambi ina kupita ku ina pogwiritsa ntchito michira yayitali, monga anyani onse, kapena kugwira pa tsinde la zomera pogwiritsa ntchito zala zawo zazikulu m'manja. Izi zakhudza mtundu komanso malo okhala nyama zamakono.
Ma wombat osaphunzitsidwa bwino a Australia okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali kapena obiriwira amapezekanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa South Australia ndi kumadzulo kwa Victoria, komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa New South Wales, kumwera ndi pakati pa Queensland. Pali magulu atatu odziwika bwino amtundu wa Vombatus kapena ma wombat atsitsi lalifupi: Vombatus ursinus hirsutus, okhala ku Australia, Vombatus ursinus tasmaniensis, ku Tasmania, ndi Vombatus ursinus ursinus, omwe amakhala ku Flinders Island kokha.
Zakudya za Wombat
Wombats mofunitsitsa amadya timitengo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono... Nthawi zina zinyama zimadyanso mizu yazomera ndi moss, mbewu za mabulosi ndi bowa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe am'magazi monga kupatukana kwa mlomo wapamwamba, ma wombat amatha kusankha molondola komanso moyenera zakudya zawo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mano akutsogolo kwa nyama amatha kufikira pansi, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kudula ngakhale mphukira zazing'ono zobiriwira. Mphamvu yakumva kununkhira imathandizanso pakusankha chakudya usiku.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti oimira ma wombat amadziwika pang'onopang'ono, koma nthawi yomweyo njira yothandiza kwambiri yamafuta.... Nyama imafuna pafupifupi milungu iwiri kuti igayike bwino chakudya chonse chomwe chadyedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi ma wombat omwe ndiopanga ndalama kwambiri kuposa zinyama zonse zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi (inde, pambuyo pa ngamila). Nyama yayikulu imasowa pafupifupi 20-22 ml ya madzi patsiku pa kilogalamu iliyonse yolemera. Komabe, ma wombat ndi ovuta kupirira kuzizira.
Adani achilengedwe
M'chilengedwe, oimira oterowo awiri-cutter marsupials alibe adani, chifukwa khungu loyera la nyama yayikulu ndilosatheka kupweteketsa kapena kuluma. Mwa zina, kuseli kwa ma wombat kumatetezedwanso ndi zida zolimba modabwitsa, zomwe zimatikumbutsa za zida za armadillo. Komabe, ngati ma wombat amayenera kuteteza madera awo kwa adani, ndiye kuti akhoza kukhala wankhanza.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za ngozi yomwe ikuyandikira, nyamayo imawoneka mwamphamvu kwambiri, imayamba kupukusa mutu wake waukulu ndikupanga mawu osasangalatsa omwe amafanana ndi kulira. Kuwoneka mopanda mantha komanso kolimba kwambiri kotchedwa wombat nthawi zambiri kumawopseza omenya mwachangu. Kupanda kutero, wombat imawukira, yomwe imamenya bwino mothandizidwa ndi mutu.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kubadwa kwa ana a wombat subspecies mwamtheradi sikumadalira nyengo kapena nyengo, chifukwa chake, njira yoberekera ya nyamayi yosowa imatha kuchitika chaka chonse. Komabe, madera ouma kwambiri, malinga ndi asayansi, pakhoza kukhala nyengo yoswana. Wombats ali mgulu la nyama zakutchire, koma matumba azimayi amakonzedwa mwapadera ndikubwerera m'mbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kukumba mabowo ndikuletsa dothi kuti lifike kwa mwana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mimba m'mimba yamwamuna imakhala pafupifupi milungu itatu, pambuyo pake timabereka mwana mmodzi. Ngakhale kupezeka kwa mawere awiri mwa akazi onse, nyamayi yotereyi singabereke ndikudyetsa ana awiri.
Kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu atabadwa, mwana wakhanda amakhala ndi mayiwo mchikwama, momwe amuzunguliridwa ndi chisamaliro cha usana ndi usiku. Wombat wamkulu amasiya thumba la mayi, koma kwa chaka chimodzi, kufikira atatha msinkhu, amakhala pafupi ndi kholo lake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ma wombat okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali tsopano ali pachiwopsezo chotheratu... Pambuyo pokhazikika ku Australia ndi azungu, mitundu yazachilengedwe idachepetsedwa kwambiri, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo awo, mpikisano ndi mitundu ina yotumizidwa kunja komanso kusaka ma wombat. Pofuna kuteteza ngakhale nyama zochepa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutheratu, akatswiri tsopano apanga malo angapo achitetezo.
