Dzina lachiwiri la kamba wobiriwira wam'madzi - imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri pakati pa akamba am'nyanja - ndi "msuzi" waluso. Anthu ambiri amanenanso kuti amatenga gawo lalikulu pakupeza bwino ndikukula kwa New World, Nyanja ya Caribbean: kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 15, apaulendo omwe amafufuza zinthu zazikulu adayamba kuwononga zokwawa zambiri.
Akamba amaphedwa m'mazana kuti adzabwezeretse chakudya chawo, chathamangitsidwa komanso kutsanulidwa, nthawi zambiri amangodzaza kuti asunge msuzi watsopano "wamzitini". Msuzi wa kamba akadali chakudya chokoma. Ndipo akamba amchere obiriwira ali pafupi kutha ngati mtundu wina.
Kufotokozera kwa kamba wobiriwira
Akamba akuluakulu am'nyanja ndi okongola kwambiri m'chilengedwe chawo, akamadya m'madzi am'mbali mwa algae kapena kuthyola madziwo ndi zikopa zamphamvu zam'mbuyo zokhala ndi zipsepse. Carapace yayikulu yobiriwira kapena yofiirira komanso yachikasu imasoka bwino kwambiri ndikuwateteza kwa adani.
Maonekedwe
Chigoba chobiriwira cha kamba wobiriwira chimakhala chowulungika. Mwa achikulire, imatha kufikira kutalika kwa 2 mita kutalika, koma kukula kwapafupipafupi ndi 70 - 100 cm. Kapangidwe ka chipolopolocho sichachilendo: zonsezi zimakhala ndi ziphuphu zoyandikana, zimakhala ndi utoto wolimba kwambiri, wokutidwa ndi ma scuti ndi mutu wawung'ono wa reptile. Maso okhala ndi ana ozungulira amakhala akulu mokwanira komanso owoneka ngati amondi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zipsepse zimalola akamba kusambira ndikusunthira kumtunda, nthambi iliyonse ili ndi khadabo.
Kulemera kwa munthu wamba ndi 80-100 makilogalamu, zitsanzo zolemera makilogalamu 200 si zachilendo. Koma kulemera kwa kamba wamchere wobiriwira ndi 400 komanso makilogalamu 500. Mtundu wa chipolopolocho umadalira malo omwe kamba anabadwira ndikukula. Zitha kukhala zam'madzi, zobiriwira zobiriwira, kapena zofiirira, zopanda mawanga achikasu. Koma khungu ndi mafuta omwe amadzikundikira pansi pa chipolopolo kuchokera mkati amakhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira, chifukwa chake mbale za akamba zimakhalanso ndi kukoma kwapadera.
Khalidwe, moyo
Akamba akunyanja samakonda kukhala m'midzi, amakonda kukhala moyo wawokha. Koma kwazaka mazana angapo, ofufuza akhala akudabwitsidwa ndi chodabwitsa cha akamba am'nyanja, omwe amayang'ana bwino kwambiri mayendedwe amadzi akuya, ndipo amatha kusonkhana pagombe limodzi tsiku lina kuti ayikire mazira.
Patatha zaka makumi angapo, amatha kupeza gombe lomwe adaswa kale, ndipamene adzaikire mazira, ngakhale atayenera kupitilira makilomita zikwizikwi.
Akamba a m'nyanja sali achiwawa, odalira, akuyesera kukhala pafupi ndi gombe, pomwe kuya sikufika ngakhale mamita 10... Kumeneku amakhala pamwamba pamadzi, amatha kupita kumtunda kukapsa ndi dzuwa, ndipo amadya ndere. Akamba amapuma ndi mapapu awo, ndikuuzira mpweya mphindi zisanu zilizonse kuchokera pamwamba.
Koma atapuma kapena kugona, akamba obiriwira sangatuluke kwa maola angapo. Zotsogola zamphamvu - zipsepse, zambiri ngati zopalasa, zimawathandiza kuyenda mwachangu mpaka makilomita 10 pa ola limodzi, kotero osambira si akamba obiriwira obiriwira.
Khanda lomwe limaswa nthawi zambiri, makanda amathamangira pamchenga kupita kumadzi. Sikuti aliyense amakwanitsa kufika pamzere wosambira, chifukwa mbalame, nyama zolusa zazing'ono, ndi zokwawa zina ndi zokwawa zimasaka zinyenyeswazi ndi zipolopolo zofewa. Nyama zosavuta zimaimiridwa ndi makanda m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma nawonso sali otetezeka m'madzi.
Chifukwa chake, zaka zoyambirira za moyo, mpaka chipolopolocho chitalimbika, akamba amathera mkatikati mwa nyanja, akudzibisa mosamala. Pakadali pano, amadyetsa osati chakudya chomera chokha, komanso jellyfish, plankton, molluscs, crustaceans.
Ndizosangalatsa! Okalamba kamba, amayandikira pafupi ndi gombe amakonda kukhala. Zakudya zabwino zikusinthanso pang'onopang'ono ndikukhala "zamasamba"
Mitundu yoposa 10 ya akamba obiriwira amadziwika padziko lapansi, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ena amangoyendayenda, kutsata mafunde ofunda, ena amatha nyengo yozizira m'malo awo, "akumangirira" pagombe lanyanja.
Asayansi ena amaganiza kuti azitha kusiyanitsa mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya akamba obiriwira omwe amakhala m'malo ena. Izi ndi zomwe zidachitika ndi akamba aku Australia.
Utali wamoyo
Zowopsa kwambiri kamba ndi zaka zoyambirira, momwe makanda amakhala opanda chitetezo. Akamba ambiri samatha kukhala ndi moyo ngakhale kwa maola angapo kuti akafike kumadzi. Komabe, akamba atakhala ndi chigoba cholimba, akamba obiriwira amakhala ocheperako. Nthawi yayitali ya akamba obiriwira anyanja m'malo awo achilengedwe ndi zaka 70-80. Ali mu ukapolo, akamba awa amakhala ochepa, popeza anthu sangathe kubwezeretsanso malo awo achilengedwe.
Subpecies ya kamba
Kamba wobiriwira wa Atlantic amakhala ndi chipolopolo chachikulu komanso chosalala, amakonda kukhala m'mbali mwa nyanja ku North America, ndipo amapezekanso kufupi ndi kugombe kwa Europe.
Kum'mawa kwa Pacific kumakhala, monga lamulo, m'mbali mwa California, Chile, mutha kuwapeza pagombe la Alaska. Subpecies izi zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake kakang'ono komanso kakang'ono kakuda (kofiirira ndi wachikaso).
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Nyanja za Pacific ndi Atlantic, zam'madera otentha zimakhala ndi akamba obiriwira obiriwira. Mutha kuziwona ku Holland, ndi madera ena a UK, ndi madera aku South Africa. Monga zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, zokwawa sizimachoka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku North ndi South America, ngakhale tsopano kuli zochepa zamoyo zam'madzi pano. Pali akamba obiriwira komanso pagombe la Australia.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuzama mpaka mamitala 10, madzi otenthedwa bwino, algae ambiri komanso pansi pamiyala - ndizo zonse zomwe zimakopa akamba, zimapangitsa gawo lina kapena lina la nyanja kukhala lokongola.
M'ming'alu yamiyala, amabisala kwa omwe amawatsata, kupumula, mapanga amakhala kwawo kwa chaka chimodzi kapena zaka zingapo... Kulikonse komwe amakhala ndi kudya, kusuntha kuchokera kumalo kupita kwina, motsogozedwa ndi chibadwa, china chake chimapangitsa kuti abwerere mobwerezabwereza ku magombe kwawo, komwe akungotsatiridwa ndi kusaka kwankhanza. Akamba ndi osambira abwino omwe sawopa maulendo ataliatali, okonda kuyenda kwambiri.
Kamba wobiriwira kudya
Sangowona kuwala kwa akamba, akumvera zachibadwa zakale, amayesetsa momwe angathere mozama. Ndiko komwe, pakati pa miyala yamchere, miyala yam'nyanja, kuchuluka kwa ndere, zomwe zimawopsezedwa ndi ochepa omwe akufuna kudya nzika zawo zam'madzi ndi madzi. Kukula kwakukulu kumawakakamiza kuti asatengere zomera zokha, komanso molluscs, jellyfish, crustaceans. Akamba obiriwira achichepere ndi mphutsi amadya mwakufuna kwawo.
Pambuyo pazaka 7-10, chipolopolo chofewa chimayamba kuuma, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti mbalame ndi nsomba zambiri zodya nyama zizipeza nyama yokoma. Chifukwa chake akamba amafulumira akuyandikira pafupi ndi gombe, kumadzi otenthedwa ndi dzuwa ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana, osati zam'madzi zokha, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pomwe akamba obiriwira amayamba kukhwima, amasintha kukabzala chakudya, ndikukhala osadya mpaka ukalamba.
Akalulu a thalassia ndi zostera amakonda kwambiri, nkhalango zowirira zomwe zimakhala mozama mamita 10 nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa msipu. Zokwawa sizikukana kelp. Amatha kupezeka kufupi ndi gombe panyanja yayikulu, ndikudya mosangalala masamba obiriwira apadziko lapansi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Akamba obiriwira amakhala okhwima pakatha zaka 10. N'zotheka kusiyanitsa kugonana kwa zamoyo zam'madzi kale kwambiri. Amuna a subspecies onse ndi ocheperako komanso ocheperako kuposa akazi, chipolopolocho chimakhala chosalala. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi mchira, womwe ndi wautali kwa anyamata, umafika 20 cm.
Kukwatiwa kwa amuna ndi akazi kumachitika m'madzi... Kuyambira Januware mpaka Okutobala, zazimuna ndi zazimuna zimadzionetsera pakupanga mawu osiyanasiyana ofanana ndi kuyimba. Amuna angapo amamenyera akazi; anthu angapo amathanso kumumata. Nthawi zina izi sizokwanira mmodzi, koma zingapo zingapo. Kukondana kumatenga maola angapo.
Mkaziyo amayenda ulendo wautali, kugonjetsa ma kilometre masauzande ambiri kuti akafike ku magombe otetezeka - malo opangira zisa, kamodzi kokha pakatha zaka 3-4. Pamenepo, atatuluka pagombe usiku, kamba amakumba dzenje mumchenga pamalo obisika.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'chisa chomwechi pamalo otenthedwa bwino, amaikira mazira mpaka 100, kenako amagona ndi mchenga ndikukhwimitsa nthaka kuti anawo asavutike ndi abuluzi, kuyang'anira abuluzi, makoswe ndi mbalame.
Mu nyengo imodzi yokha, kamba wamkulu amatha kupanga zikopa zisanu ndi ziwiri, iliyonse yomwe imakhala ndi mazira 50 mpaka 100. Zisa zambiri zimawonongedwa, si ana onse omwe amayenera kuwona kuwalako.
Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri ndi masiku angapo (kusakaniza mazira akamba - kuyambira masiku 60 mpaka 75), akamba ang'onoang'ono ndi zikhadabo zawo adzawononga chipolopolo cha dzira lachikopa ndikufika pamwamba. Adzafunika kuyenda mpaka 1 km, kuwalekanitsa ndi madzi am'nyanja amchere. Ndi m'malo obisalamo komwe mbalame zimakhazikika, zomwe zimasakira ana ongobalidwa kumene, zoopsa zambiri zimayembekezera panjira ya akamba.
Atafika kumadzi, ana samangosambira okha, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito zilumba za zomera zam'madzi, amamatira kapena kukwera pamwamba, pansi pa kunyezimira kwa dzuwa. Kungoopsa pang’ono chabe, akamba amasambira ndipo amakhala olimbalimba ndipo amafika mofulumira kuzama. Ana amakhala odziyimira pawokha kuyambira pakubadwa ndipo safuna chisamaliro cha makolo.
Adani achilengedwe
Kufikira zaka 10, akamba ali paliponse pangozi. Amatha kusandulika ndi nsomba zodya nyama, mbalame za m'nyanja, kulowa m'mano a shaki, dolphin, ndi nyama zazikulu zazinyama zimasangalala nazo. Koma akamba achikulire alibe adani m'chilengedwe, amangolimba nsombazi, chipolopolo chake chonse ndi cholimba kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kwazaka zikwi, anthu okhala m'nyanja sanakhale nawo adani omwe angawononge achikulire.
Kukhalapo kwa mtundu uwu kunali pachiwopsezo ndi munthu... Osati nyama yokha, komanso mazira amawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma, ndipo chipolopolo cholimba chimakhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri pamakumbukiro, ndichifukwa chake adayamba kuwononga akamba obiriwira ambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi, asayansi adalira podziwa kuti akamba obiriwira atsala pang'ono kutha.
Kutanthauza kwa munthu
Msuzi wa kamba wabwino, mazira abwino komanso athanzi a kamba, nyama yamchere, youma komanso yowuma imadyetsedwa m'malesitilanti abwino kwambiri. M'zaka zamakoloni ndi kupezeka kwa malo atsopano, mazana am'madzi adakwanitsa kupulumuka chifukwa cha akamba am'madzi. Koma Anthu sakudziwa momwe angakhalire othokoza, chiwonongeko chankhanza kwazaka mazana ambiri lero chimakakamiza anthu kuti alankhule zopulumutsa akamba obiriwira. Ma subspecies onsewa adalembedwa mu Red Book ndikutetezedwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Anthu zikwizikwi apita kumagombe komwe anaikira mazira akamba kwazaka zambiri... Tsopano pachilumba cha Midway, mwachitsanzo, akazi makumi anayi okha ndi omwe akumanga malo okhala ana. Zinthu sizili bwinoko kugombe lina. Ndicho chifukwa chake, kuyambira pakati pa zaka zapitazo, ntchito yayamba kubwezeretsa akamba obiriwira pafupifupi m'maiko onse omwe akukhala nyamazi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akamba zalembedwa mu Red Book, ndikoletsedwa kuchita ntchito iliyonse mu malo kukaikira mazira, kuwasaka ndi kupeza mazira.
Alendo sangayandikire m'malo osungira pafupi ndi 100 mita. Mazira omwe aikidwiratu amaikidwa m'makina ofungatira, ndipo akamba amaswa amatulutsidwa m'madzi abwino pokhapokha atakhala olimba. Lero, kuchuluka kwa akamba obiriwira kukuwonetsa kuti mitunduyo sidzatha padziko lapansi.
