Pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri ya desman: Russian ndi Pyrenean. Wotsutsa waku Russia ali m'njira zambiri nyama yapadera yomwe yakhala ikuchita bwino padziko lapansi kwazaka zopitilira 30 miliyoni. Wotsogolera wathu ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa Pyrenean.
Pankhaniyi, tikambirana za wolamulira waku Russia. Monga kale, komanso m'nthawi yathu ino, mawonekedwe a nyama yobisikayi, yofanana ndi khoswe komanso wa banja la mole, sanasinthe kwambiri chifukwa cha luso lake lodabwitsa lomanga mabowo akuya.
Kufotokozera kwa Desman
Chofunika kwambiri pa desman ndi mphuno yayitali yofanana ndi thunthu, miyendo yokhala ndi nembanemba pakati pa zala zazing'ono, mchira wamphamvu, wokutidwa ndi masikelo olimba olimba, omwe nyama imagwiritsa ntchito ngati chiwongolero. Thupi la wochotsa ku Russia (hohuli) ndiwosalala ndipo akuwoneka kuti adapangidwira moyo wokangalika pamtunda ndi m'madzi, pamimba pa nyama ndi yoyera, kumbuyo kuli mdima.
Mtundu uwu wa chinyama umapangitsa kuti usakhale wowonekera m'madzi.... Chovalacho ndi cholimba kwambiri ndipo sichinyowa, chifukwa chinyama chimakhala chopaka mafuta musk, chomwe chimapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi ma gland apadera. Ngati mtundu wa desman umalola kuti aphimbidwe, ndiye kuti fungo lamphamvu nthawi zambiri limapereka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Masomphenya a desman ndi ofooka kwambiri, koma sizimathandiza kwambiri pamoyo wawo, komanso, kusoweka kumeneku kumakwaniritsa bwino kununkhiza.
Kumva kwa nyama iyi kumakulitsidwanso kwambiri, komabe kumakhala ndi zina. Sangamve phokoso lalikulu, monga anthu akuyankhula, koma amayankha nthawi yomweyo kukazungulirana kwakung'ono, kukuwa kwa nthambi kapena kuwaza kwa madzi. Asayansi amafotokoza izi motere.
Maonekedwe
Imeneyi ndi nyama yaying'ono, kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu waku Russia pafupifupi masentimita 20. Popanda mchira, ndiyotalika mofanana, wokutidwa ndi masikelo owoneka ngati nyanga komanso tsitsi lolimba. Zikuwoneka kuti kutalika konse kumafika pafupifupi 40 cm.
Unyinji wa nyama ndi pafupifupi magalamu 500. Wodula amakhala ndi mphuno yayikulu yosunthika, pomwe pali ndevu zovuta kwambiri - ichi ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chanyama. Maso ndi ochepa, ngati mikanda yakuda, yomwe yazunguliridwa ndi malo akhungu lowala lomwe silodzaza ndi tsitsi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yakutsogolo ndi yaifupi kwambiri, ndi miyendo yakumbuyo yamiyendo yamiyendo ndi zala zolumikizidwa ndikuluka, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chida chothandiza kwambiri posunthira m'madzi. Zikhadabo zakuthwa kwambiri zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kukumba maenje akuya momwe nyamazi zimakhala.
Moyo
Nyama izi zimakhala ndi moyo wam'madzi wapadziko lapansi... Wolemba ku Russia amasankha malo okhala m'mbali mwa mitsinje, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Amakumba maenje - ndipo awa ndi nyumba zomangamanga 10 m kapena kupitilira apo, ndimipando ndi nthambi zambiri.
Izi zimathandiza wolowetsayo kusunga zakudya zomwe amadya panthawi ya njala, kubisala kwa adani, ndikuyenda pofunafuna chakudya. Ma tunnel awa ndiabwino makamaka m'nyengo yozizira: amakhala ofunda ndipo pali mwayi wopeza nyama. Pamphepete mwa madamu mumatha kupeza ma network athunthu apansi panthaka, makomo omwe amabisika pansi pa gawo lamadzi.
M'nyengo yotentha, madzi akatsika kwambiri, nyama imazika mobisa, ndikuyikanso pansi pamadzi. Zimakhala zovuta kupeza malo oterewa, chifukwa ndi nyama zosamala kwambiri.
Zowopsa zambiri, osaka nyama komanso nyama zolusa aphunzitsa nyamazi kuti zizichita zinthu mobisa. Kwa zaka 30 miliyoni, desman adaphunzira kubisala kunja. Komabe, malo okhala nthawi zambiri amapereka zotsalira za chakudya chomwe amasiya pafupi ndi maenje awo. Izi ndi zomwe adani amadyerera.
Kodi desman amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Mwachilengedwe, awa ndi nyama zosatetezeka kwambiri, moyo wawo umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zankhanza: kusinthasintha kwamadzi m'madamu, zolusa komanso anthu. Chifukwa chake, monga lamulo, samakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe kwa zaka zopitilira 3-4.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'malo abwino opezako nyama zakutchire kapena malo osungira nyama, pomwe wolowererayo sangasokoneze kapena kuwopseza, atha kukhala zaka 5-6.
Ndikukhala kwakanthawi kochepa, kusatetezeka kuzinthu zachilengedwe komanso kubereka pang'ono m'njira zambiri zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mitundu iyi ikhale pachiwopsezo. Ndizovuta kwambiri kwa ana a desman, chifukwa amawoneka opanda thandizo ndipo chochitika chilichonse chitha kusokoneza miyoyo yawo. Chifukwa chake, koyambirira kwa chitukuko, ana a desman amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.
Malo, magawidwe
Munthu wochokera ku Russia wafika ponseponse ku Russia... Malo awo okhala amakhala m'mbali mwa mitsinje yomwe imakhala ndi mafunde ofooka kapena pafupi ndi madzi osayenda. Ndizabwino kwambiri ngati magombe a malo oterewa ali ndiudzu, ndipo dothi limakhala ndimiyala ndi mchenga. Izi ndizoyenera kwambiri kwa wolamulira waku Russia.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi zibangili ndipo amakhala nawo mwamtendere malo okhala, popeza siopikisana, ndipo alibe chidwi ndi beavers ngati chakudya.
M'mbuyomu, nyamazi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'nkhalango zakum'mawa ndi gawo lina lakumadzulo kwa Europe, tsopano zatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo zimatengedwa ndi chitetezo chamabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi.
Zakudya, zakudya khokhuli
M'nyengo yotentha, kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala, chakudya chachikulu cha desman chimapangidwa ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, mphutsi ndi ma crustaceans, samadyera kang'onong'ono ndi masamba. Popeza nyamazi sizimagona nthawi yozizira, sizimadzikundikira malo ogulitsa mafuta. M'nyengo yozizira, momwe zinthu ziliri ndi chakudya cha hohuli ndizovuta kwambiri.
Monga chakudya, amatha kugwira chule wobisalamo, tinsomba tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timakhalanso nyama zosavuta panthawiyi, komanso nkhono zam'mtsinje. Kulakalaka nyama izi ndikwabwino, nthawi zina kulemera kwa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa chimakhala chofanana ndi kulemera kwa nyama yomwe. Izi ndichifukwa choti amayenda kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi metabolism yolimba.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ana a Desman nthawi zambiri amabweretsedwera kumapeto ndi nthawi yophukira. Mimba imakhala pafupifupi theka la mwezi, ndiye mpaka ana asanu amabadwa, omwe amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndipo amalemera magalamu 2-3 okha - iyi ndi yocheperapo 250 kuposa wamkulu.
Gawo loyamba, makolo onse amatenga nawo gawo pakulera ndi kudyetsa. Pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, anawo amadziyimira pawokha ndipo amasiya makolo awo. Pakufika miyezi 11-12, anthu amayamba kubereka. Sikuti onse amapulumuka pakadali pano, gawo la anawo limawonongeka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Masewera akulumikizana a nyama zomwe zimawoneka ngati chete amatsagana ndi phokoso lalikulu lopangidwa ndi amuna ndi nyimbo zosangalatsa za akazi. Pali ndewu zowopsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuyembekezera kuzinyama zazing'onozi.
Adani achilengedwe
Desman ndi nyama yosatetezeka kwambiri, sizachabe kuti idalembedwa mu Red Book... Ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Izi ndizamunthu kwambiri: opha nyama mosaka nyama ndi chinthu chosafunikira. Ankhandwe, agalu amphaka ndi mbalame zodya nyama nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Pakati pa kusefukira kwa mitsinje nthawi yachilimwe, nyamazi zimakumana ndi zoopsa zina za nsomba zazikuluzikulu: nkhono, pike ndi pike.
Pakadali pano ali ndi njala makamaka. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti ma desman burrows amasefukira ndipo samakhala ndi nthawi yopulumuka, ambiri amamwalira. Mwina oyandikana okha ndi nyama izi, komwe kulibe ngozi, ndi ma beavers.
Kukula kwa anthu, kuteteza nyama
M'zaka za zana la 19, desman adaphedwa mwamphamvu chifukwa cha khungu lawo komanso madzi amchere, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zonunkhira kuphatikiza fungo. Zochita zoterezi zapangitsa kuti anthu awonongeke kwambiri. Pakadali pano, ziweto zonse sizikudziwika, chifukwa hohula imakhala moyo wachinsinsi ndipo ndizosowa kukumana nayo pamtunda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kovuta kwa akatswiri, anthu aku desman lero ali pafupifupi 30 zikwi. Izi sizofunika kwenikweni, komabe nambalayi ili kale pamalire.
Chiweto chimakhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi kukokoloka kwa madzi, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kumanga madamu ndi madamu, kukonza madera otetezera madzi ndi maukonde obalalika, omwe nthawi zambiri amatenga wolowayo.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, wolamulira waku Russia (hochula) adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinyama zochokera mu Red Book of Russia zomwe zili ndi mitundu yazinthu zosowa kwambiri, zomwe zikuchepa. Tsopano pali nkhokwe 4 komanso nkhokwe 80, pomwe nyama iyi imayang'aniridwa ndi asayansi.
Zoyeserera zikugwiridwa kuteteza ndi kuteteza nyamazi ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwake... Mu 2000, ntchito yapadera yotchedwa "Tiyeni Tipulumutse Desman Waku Russia" idapangidwa, yomwe imawunika kuchuluka kwa omwe akukonzekera ndikupanga njira zowasungira.
