Germelin (Hermelin) ndi kalulu kakang'ono kapena kakang'ono, komwe kumatchedwanso kalulu waku Poland. Mitunduyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri ndipo imasinthidwa bwino kuti isungidwe m'ndende.
Kufotokozera kwa Hermelin
Chiyambi cha hermelin sichinakhazikitsidwe motsimikizika lero.... Zimaganiziridwa kuti mtundu wachilendowu unapezedwa podutsa kalulu woyera woyera ndi kalulu wa siliva.
Maonekedwe
Mitengo ya Hermelines imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi mtunduwo, wofewa komanso wonyezimira, wowala bwino, tsitsi, kutalika kwake kumafikira 1.8-2.0 masentimita. Nyamayo ili ndi thupi lalifupi komanso lokwanira, kuyambira kutalika kwa masentimita 32-34, popanda khosi lotchulidwa gawo lotukuka bwino komanso lamphamvu la occipital. Miyendo ndi yaifupi koma yamphamvu kwambiri. Chifuwa ndi chachikulu komanso chakuya mokwanira. Khosi kumbuyo kwa masamba amapewa mwa munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi 22-24 cm.
Mutu wozungulira uli ndi mphumi lonse komanso mphuno yotambalala. Kukula kwamphumi koyenera kwamwamuna wamkulu ndi 55 mm kapena kupitilira apo, pomwe kwa akazi okhwima kuli pafupifupi 50 mm.
Ndizosangalatsa! Hermeline wamaso ofiira kapena Pool Roodoog (Polonis) adabadwa ndi obereketsa aku England mu 1903 kutengera mtundu wa Holandais, ndi hermeline yamaso a buluu kapena Pool Blauwoog (Hermine) idawonekera koyamba ku Germany mu 1919, ndipo ndi mtundu wochepa kwambiri wa amateur.
Mtunduwo umadziwika ndi maso akulu komanso odziwika bwino, komanso ozungulira pang'ono komanso owundana, okutidwa ndi tsitsi ndi makutu otalikirana, osaposa 50-55 mm kutalika. Kulemera kwathunthu kapena "kukhala" ndi nyama yayikulu ndi 1.1-1.3 kg, ndikuchuluka kwa 65-72%.
Chiwerengero cha ziweto
Miyezo ya hermelin pakadali pano ndiyokhwima kwambiri, ndipo imakhudzanso kupeza nyama zaubweya wabwinobwino motere:
- thupi limakhala lokhazikika, lopanda mawonekedwe, lopanda khosi;
- miyendo yakutsogolo yafupika;
- mchira wawung'ono wokwanira bwino thupi;
- kusowa kwa mame mwa akazi;
- ubweya woyera woyera, wopanda chikasu ndi utoto, wonyezimira wonyezimira;
- zikhadabo zopanda utoto;
- mutu wawukulu komanso wachidule;
- kukula kwakukulu, mtundu wabuluu kapena wofiira wamaso;
- khazikika ndi kutseka limodzi, makutu owoneka bwino komanso omata bwino.
Kulemera kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumadziwika kuti ndi koyenera mkati mwa 1.35 kg... Nyama zolemera makilogalamu ochepera 0,8 ndi kupitirira 1.5 kg sizoyenera kuswana. Hermelin wamaso ofiira adawonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ndipo maso a buluu mu 1920. M'zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, nyama zidaleredwa ndi makutu amfupi komanso mphuno yofupikitsidwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Miyezo yolemera yolemera mkati mwa 750 g ndikulakalaka kupeza akalulu "apamwamba kwambiri" kudapangitsa kuchepa kwakubala komanso kutuluka kwa ana opitilira pa zinyalala zonse.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
A Hermelins ndi ochezeka, ochezeka komanso ofuna kudziwa zambiri, ofunitsitsa kupita m'manja mwawo ndipo samachita manyazi, chifukwa chake amalumikizana ndi anthu mwachangu. Osazolowera kukonda anthu, akalulu amtunduwu amangoyang'ana pa iwo okha, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupatula nthawi yolumikizirana tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chiweto.
Monga momwe ntchito yosungira nyumba ikuwonetsera, hermelin imatha kuphunzitsidwa mosavuta ku thireyi, komanso kuphunzitsidwa kutsatira malamulo osavuta omwe safuna kuyesayesa kwakukulu kwa chiweto.
Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi magawano amunthu chifukwa cha chikhalidwe ndi machitidwe. Akalulu amakhala achangu komanso osunthika, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi mbiri yotchuka, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala opulupudza. Akalulu nthawi zambiri amakhala odekha, odekha, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala aulesi pang'ono kapena ouma pang'ono. Akalulu aku Poland samatheka kokha kwa anthu osakwatira, komanso mabanja akulu omwe ali ndi ana.
Utali wamoyo
Nthawi yayitali yokhala kalulu wokongoletsa wa mtundu wa Hermelin amakhala azaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma popatsa chiweto chotere chisamaliro chabwino, ndizotheka kukulitsa nthawi imeneyi.
Hermelin amakhala kunyumba
Njira zovomerezeka zowonetsetsa kuti mankhwala a hermelin akuyenera kukhazikika kunyumba amaphatikizapo kudyetsa pafupipafupi komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kusunga khola loyera, kuwotcha dzuwa, komanso kupha ndi kupopera momwe zingafunikire.
Kusankha kwama cell ndikudzaza
Khola la kalulu wokongoletsera liyenera kukhala lopangidwa ndi mauna apamwamba kwambiri ndipo liyenera kukhala ndi mphasa yabwino. Kwa kalulu wocheperako, mutha kugula khola lokwanira 40x30x40 cm, ndipo kwa chiweto chachikulu, khola liyenera kukhala masentimita 80x60x80. Mkati mwa khola, muyenera kukhazikitsa nyumba yapadera, osati yayikulu kwambiri, komanso mupatseni malo oyenda komanso kudya.
Ndizoletsedwa kukhazikitsa khola ndi nyama pafupi ndi zida zotenthetsera kapena zipinda zomwe zalembedwa kwambiri. Kutentha koyenera kwa mpweya mchipindacho kuyenera kukhala 18-20 ° С ndi zizindikiritso za chinyezi pamlingo wa 50%.
Kusamalira ndi Ukhondo wa Hermeline
Sitimayi ya m'manja imayenera kutsukidwa tsiku lililonse... Ayenera kutsukidwa kenaka kuthiridwa mankhwala. Ngati khola la kalulu silikhala ndi thireyi yapadera, ndiye kuti zofunda zakuya ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi, zomwe zimayenera kusinthidwa masiku atatu kapena anayi aliwonse.
Kunyalanyaza malamulo oyenera aukhondo nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa chachikulu chogonjetsera chiweto ndi matenda ovuta komanso ovuta, opatsirana.
Kuti muzisamalira bwino kalulu wa kalulu, ndikofunikira kugula zida zapadera, zoyimiridwa ndi zisa, zotchinga ndi mphasa. Ubweya wosakanizidwa umadulidwa mosamala ndi lumo. Ndizosatheka kusamba kalulu, ngakhale atakhala wamkulu. Chepetsani zitsamba za hermelina akamakula, pafupifupi kamodzi pamwezi.
Momwe mungadyetse hermelina
Maziko azakudya zonse ndizosakaniza tirigu ndi udzu wapamwamba kwambiri. Mwazina, chakudya cha chiweto chiyenera kusiyanasiyana ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zobiriwira zowutsa mudyo, koma udzu wofota. Oats ndi tirigu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cholimba, komanso ma croutons a tirigu ndi nthambi za mitengo monga linden, birch, apulo, msondodzi. Mu khola la akalulu, payenera kukhala madzi akumwa oyera nthawi zonse komanso mwala wapadera wamchere.
Zikhala zosangalatsa: chodyetsa akalulu
Matenda ndi zofooka za mtundu
Matenda akulu a kalulu wokongoletsa omwe amakhala kunyumba amatha kuyimiriridwa ndi:
- matenda am'mimba;
- kupweteka kwa dzuwa kapena kutentha;
- kuvulala koopsa;
- matenda opuma;
- pododermatitis;
- conjunctivitis;
- ziphuphu;
- chisanu;
- rhinitis yopatsirana;
- dermatophytosis kapena microsporia;
- tizilombo hemorrhagic matenda;
- matenda opatsirana;
- myxomatosis;
- pasteurellosis;
- staphylococcosis
- listeriosis.
Zofooka zazing'ono zochepa zimaphatikizapo utoto wachikasu kapena waimvi, komanso sheen wosakwanira. Komanso, zopindika zitha kuyimiriridwa ndi chikasu cholimba kapena imvi, zotalikirana kwambiri, zakuthwa kapena zokutidwa bwino ndi tsitsi, zopyapyala kapena mnofu, makutu owopsa.
Kuswana hermelin
Zokongoletsera za hermelinas zimakhwima pakugonana, motero zimakonzeka kubereka, pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu. Mkazi amakhala pansi ndi wamwamuna, koma ngati amachita zinthu mwankhanza kwambiri, ziwetozo ziyenera kukhala pansi... Monga lamulo, yaikazi posaka ndi yamwamuna wokhwima pogonana imasiyidwa limodzi pafupifupi masiku asanu.
Mimba ya kalulu wanyumba imakhala pafupifupi mwezi, ndipo pafupifupi sabata sabata isanayambike okrol, mkazi amayamba kumanga chisa. Ndibwino kuchotsa akalulu kuchokera kwa akazi ali ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka zokha. Osakwatirana akalulu amphongo obiriwira kawiri kuposa chaka.
Kugula kalulu wa Hermelin
Akalulu amtundu wamtundu wa Hermelin pakadali pano sadziwika kwenikweni ndi oweta, poyerekeza ndi amitundu akuda, koma siosowa kwenikweni, mdziko lathu lino komanso akunja.
Zofunika!Posankha chiweto, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pakuwonekera kwa makutu, omwe ayenera kukhala ochepa komanso ozungulira. Makutu omwe ndi akulu kwambiri amadziwika ndi hermelin wodetsedwa. Chinyama chathanzi chiyenera kukhala chotakataka, chokhala ndi mayendedwe osangalatsa komanso maso okonzeka bwino osatuluka utsi.
Kuti kugula kuyende bwino, kalulu wokongoletsa ayenera kugulidwa m'minda yosungira bwino kapena m'masitolo apadera. Ndikofunika kugula akalulu amwezi umodzi ndi theka kapena miyezi iwiri. Mtengo wa chiweto chokongoletsera kapena kalulu wachionetsero umayamba kuchokera ku ruble zikwi zitatu.
Ndemanga za eni
Ma Hermelins ndi okongola komanso oyera, komanso ali ndi nzeru zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo amatha kulumikizana ndi eni ake, pochenjera ndi alendo. Chiweto chokongola kwambiri chimatha kupambana mwachangu aliyense womuzungulira, koma ali ndi chikhalidwe cholimba komanso chouma pang'ono.
Nthawi zambiri, hermelinas poyamba amakula mosagwirizana - pachiweto chotere, mwina mphutsi kapena makutu amatambasulidwa. Nthawi yapakati "yoyipa yotere", nthawi zambiri, imakhala mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo kupanga kalulu kokometsera kalulu kumatha, nthawi zambiri pachaka.
Akalulu aliwonse, mwachilengedwe chawo, ndi nyama zakutchire, chifukwa chake, kuthengo, munthu aliyense amakhala ndi mink wake. Komabe, akalulu okongoletsa amakhala ofunitsitsa kulumikizana ndi anzawo malo opanda mbali.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kunyumba, mutha kukhala ndi akalulu ochepa kwambiri ndikuyesera kuwapanga abwenzi. Kupsa mtima pang'ono kumadziwika ngati nyama zimasungidwa limodzi kuyambira ali aang'ono kwambiri.
Germelin amadziwika ndi thanzi labwino, komanso kudyetsa moyenera komanso kuyenda pafupipafupi kunja kwa khola, komanso katemera wapachaka, amalola chiweto chotere kukhala kunyumba kwa zaka khumi kapena kupitilira apo.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, hermelin yochepa kwambiri imapangidwa m'minda yazipinda ndi m'makalabu. Okolola ambiri amakonda kusunga akalulu okongoletserawa kuti azisintha mitundu ina yaying'ono.
