Big bittern ndi mbalame ya banja la heron (Ardeidae) ndi dokowe (Сiconiifоrmes). Dzina loyambirira linapezedwa ndi mbalameyi chifukwa cha mawu ake okweza kwambiri, komanso kuchokera m'mawu ena ofanana nawo "kuwuwula" kapena "kulira".
Kufotokozera za big bittern
M'malo mwake kukula kwake, kapangidwe kake kodabwitsa, komanso mtundu woyambirira wa nthenga, the big bittern ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi zina zambiri, zofananira kapena zofananira mumapangidwe amitundu, zomwe zimalola kuti zidziwike molondola mikhalidwe yachilengedwe.
Maonekedwe a bittern
Mbalame yayikuluyo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa kwambiri, ngakhale oyambilira.... Dera lakumbuyo limayimilidwa ndi nthenga zakuda zokhala ndi utoto wachikaso. Mutu wa mbalameyi uli ndi mitundu yofananira. Mimba ndi yonyezimira, ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira.
Mchira ndi bulauni wachikaso ndi mawonekedwe akuda. Mtundu uwu wa nthenga ndi wobisala, chifukwa chake umalola mbalame yayikulu kwambiri kuti isadziwike pakati pa mabango ndi zibangili m'madambo ndi madambo.
Amuna, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi thupi lokulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi. Kulemera kwakuthupi kwamwamuna wamkulu kumatha kutalika kuchokera pa 1.0-1.9 makilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa 65-70 cm. Kutalika kwamapiko kwamwamuna kumakhala pafupifupi 33-34 cm, ndi wamkazi - 30-31 cm. ndi timadontho tambiri takuda, ndipo maso ake ndi achikasu.
Miyendo ya mbalame yothamanga ndi imvi, yokhala ndi utoto wobiriwira kwambiri. Achinyamata ali ndi nthenga zopepuka poyerekeza ndi akuluakulu. Paulendo, ndege yaying'ono kwambiri imakhala ngati kadzidzi.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Mbalame yayikuluyo ndi ya mbalame zosamuka ndipo imabwerako nyengo yachisanu kupita kudera la dziko lathu kapena kudera lodyera kumayambiriro kwamasika, kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi. Malo achilengedwe a bitterns ndi malo akuluakulu achilengedwe okhala ndi madzi osasunthika kapena pakali pano, odzaza ndi bango kapena bango.
Mbalame zimayamba kusamukira kumalo awo ozizira kwambiri mzaka khumi zapitazi za Seputembala kapena koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Anthu ena amaimitsa kaye kuthawa kwawo mpaka matalala oyamba agwa.
Makulidwe akulu pang'ono kamodzi pachaka, kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka masiku oyamba a Januware... Mbalame yothamangayo imagwira ntchito makamaka madzulo. Pakusaka, mbalamezi zimatha kuyimilira kwa nthawi yayitali, pambuyo pake zimangogwira nyama yomwe yasweka. Masana, mbalameyi imabisala bwino m'nkhalango, momwe imaphulika ndikuima mwendo umodzi. Ikakumana ndi mdani, mbalame zazikuluzikulu zimatsegula pakamwa pake kwambiri komanso mwamakhalidwe, kenako zimabwezeretsa chakudya chonse chomwe chamezedwa posachedwa.
Kulira kwa phulusa lalikulu kumamveka nthawi yayitali nthawi yachilimwe komanso nthawi yonse yotentha, nthawi zambiri kumadzulo kapena usiku, komanso m'mawa kwambiri. Makamaka akulira kwambiri, omveka patali pamtunda wamakilomita atatu kapena anayi, mbalameyi imatuluka nthawi yokomera. Mawu a chithaphwi amatha kumveka ngati phokoso la mphepo kapena kubangula kwa ng'ombe. Kukuwa kumakhala ndi nyimbo yabata komanso yayikulu, mokweza kwambiri komanso, titero, kulira kwa phokoso. Phokoso limatuluka kummero kwa mbalameyi, yomwe, ikakhala ndi mpweya, imachita ngati chofufuzira champhamvu kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kumva kapena kuwona zoopsa zilizonse, mbalame yomwe ikuyenda ikutambasula khosi lake mozungulira, ikukweza mutu wake ndikuwundana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati bango wamba.
Utali wamoyo
Monga momwe tawonetsera, kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ya mbalame sikudalira kukula kwake, chifukwa chake, nkhono yayikulu kwambiri yazachilengedwe nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka zosapitirira khumi ndi zitatu.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Mbalame yayikulu kwambiri imapezeka ku Europe ndi Spain, komanso ku Portugal ndi kumwera kwa Mediterranean. Anthu ena amakhala kumpoto kwa gombe la North Sea, ku Denmark, kumwera kwa Sweden komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Finland. Ku Africa, dera logawa zowawa zazikulu likuyimiridwa ndi Morocco ndi Algeria, Tunisia ndi gawo lakumwera kwa dzikolo.
Ku Asia, bittern yayikulu imapezeka pafupi ndi Tobolsk komanso pafupi ndi beseni la Yenisei. Malo okhalamo alinso kumwera kwa Palestina, Asia Minor ndi Iran, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia ndi kumwera kwa Transbaikalia. Mbalame yoyenda nthawi zambiri imafika m'nyengo yozizira ku Africa ndi Arabia, kumpoto kwa India, komanso ku Burma ndi kumwera kwa China.
M'dera la dziko lathu, pakati pa ma biotopu ofunikira kwambiri ndi malo odyetserako ziweto zowawa kwambiri pali migodi yambiri ya peat ku Kirov ndi Nizhny Novgorod, komanso malo odyera mpunga ku Crimea, omwe amakhala madera a Ryazan, nyanja ndi zigwa za Yakutia.
Adani achilengedwe
Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu okhala ndi ziphuphu zazikuluzikulu kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kosaloleka, kuwononga malo onse achilengedwe a mbalame. Kupanga kukonzanso kwakukulu kwamadzi ndi anthu kwakhala chifukwa chachikulu pakuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa mbalameyi ku Europe konse.
Kuwonongeka kocheperako kumachitika chifukwa cha kugwa kwamasamba kwa zomera, momwe gawo lalikulu la mbewu zoyenera kukhalira kukaikira zikuluzikulu zazikulu zimatha. Asayansi amanenanso kuti mbalame zambiri zazikulu, kuphatikizapo kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi, zitha kuwononga zowawa zazing'ono kwambiri.
Zomwe Big Bittern Zimadya
Zakudya za mbalameyi zimayimiriridwa ndi nsomba, kuphatikiza crucian carp, nsomba ngakhalenso pike.... Komanso, mbalame zazikuluzikulu zimagwiritsa ntchito achule, ma newt, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ta m'madzi, nyongolotsi ndi tadpoles, nyama zazing'ono, kuphatikiza makoswe am'munda, kuti azidya.
Ndizosangalatsa!M'zaka zanjala, pang'ono pang'ono nthawi zambiri zimawononga zisa za mbalame, ndipo imadya anapiye mwachangu. Anapiye omwe angobadwa kumene amadya anapiye.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kuwawa kwakukulu kumatha msinkhu pokhapokha atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi... Mbalame yotereyi sakonda kupanga zisa zamakoloni, chifukwa chake, mabanja okhwima mwauzimu amakonda kupanga zisa padera, osamala kuyandikira kwambiri kwa mbalame zofananira ndi mitundu ina iliyonse yofananira.
Pakakhala nyengo yabwino kwambiri yodzala pang'ono pang'ono m'derali, awiriawiri amatha kukhazikika pafupi, chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Mitengo yam'madzi ikakhala m'madzi osaya, malo okhala zisa amakhala m'matope otumphukira pamwamba pamadzi, omwe amabisika kumaso ndi adani achilengedwe ndi nkhalango zamabango, zitsamba zowirira kapena bango.
Ngati gawo logawikirako mbalame likuyimiriridwa ndi malo osungira achilengedwe, ndiye kuti zisa zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamwamba pazomera zakufa kapena kufikira, zokutidwa ndi masamba a kakombo wamadzi. Nthawi zina zisa zimakhala zosalongosoka bwino zomwe zimakhala ndi zimayambira ndi masamba a zomera zilizonse zomwe zikubwera.
Chisa cha bittern chachikulu chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kwambiri, chimakhala ndi theka la mita ndi kutalika kwa mbali yopitilira kotala la mita, ndipo mbali imodzi yomwe cholinga chake chimatulukira mbalame zazikulu nthawi zonse imaphwanyidwa kapena kuponderezedwa bwino. Pamene anapiyewo amakula ndikukula, chisa mwachilengedwe chimamira m'madzi, chifukwa chake chimamangidwapo ndi makolo.
Mazira omwe amayikidwa ndi wamkazi wa bittern wamkulu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika komanso ovoid, ndipo mtundu wa chipolopolocho ndimtundu wofiirira. Chowotcheracho chimadzaza makamaka ndi chachikazi, koma chachimuna nthawi zina chimatha kuchikonza. A bittern wamkulu samapanga zowonjezerapo kamodzi pachaka. Zowalamulira nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mazira angapo, kuchuluka kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira atatu kapena anayi mpaka asanu ndi atatu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Dzira lililonse limasanganikirana pakadutsa masiku angapo, motero anapiye onse amabadwa asynchronously, ndipo mwana wankhuku kakang'ono kwambiri mukamaikira dzira, nthawi zambiri, samakhala ndi moyo.
Anapiye amaswa patatha milungu inayi atagonera. Makanda amaphimbidwa ndi utoto wakuda wandiweyani komanso wofiyira, ndipo mawondo awo, mutu ndi milomo ndi obiriwira. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri kapena itatu mwana wake atabadwa, anapiye a mbalamezi amayamba kusiya chisa chawo pang'onopang'ono. Makolo amadyetsa anapiye kupitirira mwezi umodzi ndi theka, ndipo ana azaka ziwiri azitha kunyamuka okha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero cha anthu aku Europe cha ma bitterns akulu akuyerekezedwa kuti ndi 10-12 zikwi ziwiri, ndipo ku UK pakadali pano pali awiriawiri. M'dziko lathu, kuchuluka kwa ma bitterns osapitilira awiriawiri 10-30 zikwi. Ku Turkey, kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe sizimangokhala osapitilira anayi kapena mazana asanu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mawu a marsh bittern amatha kumveka m'malo ambiri m'maiko aku Europe, koma mutha kuwona mbalame yotere ndi maso anu kuchokera ku nsanja ya Siikalahti ku Parikkala. Ndi ku Finland komwe mbalamezi zimagwira ntchito kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni.
Masiku ano Big Bittern ili m'gulu la mbalame zosowa komanso zotetezedwa m'maiko angapo... Mwachitsanzo, kuteteza ma bitterns ku UK kwachitika kwa zaka zopitilira makumi anayi, atakhazikitsanso ankhandwe omwe amakhala ku East Norfolk. Chifukwa chopeza malo otetezera komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mbalame zomwe zimayenda inali njira yosungiramo zachilengedwe, komanso kuwononga kwamadzi kwakukulu.
