Mphaka woyenda pabwalo kapena mdzikolo akuukiridwa ndi tiziromboti tambiri, tomwe titha kukhala nkhupakupa za ixodid. Ngati mphaka yalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, kulibe tanthauzo kuchita mantha: muyenera kudziwa chomwe chadzaza ndi m'mene mungachotsere magazi osavulaza nyama ndi mwini wake.
Kodi nkhupakupa imawoneka bwanji, pomwe imaluma kwambiri?
Maonekedwe ake amachokera ku gulu la arachnids: mutu wawung'ono ndi miyendo inayi ya miyendo imamangiriridwa ku thupi lowulungika, lotetezedwa ndi chipolopolo chachitini. Carapace yachikazi imangotenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thupi lake, kuti izitha kutambasula pafupifupi katatu mukakhuta.
Mwamuna amakula mpaka 2.5 mm, mkazi - mpaka 3-4 mm. Chilengedwe chapatsa nkhupakayi ndi chida chanzeru choboolera khungu ndi kuyamwa magazi - awa ndi mano akuthwa, obwerera m'mbuyo pa proboscis ya pakamwa. Kulumako kumatsagana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malovu ndi mankhwala oletsa kupweteka: imakutira proboscis, ndikumamatira pachilondacho. Ndicho chifukwa chake sikutheka kugwedeza wokhetsa magazi, ndipo kukhala kwake pa nyama kumachedwa kuyambira masiku angapo mpaka mwezi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi bulauni, wakuda kapena wakuda, wathunthu (wosandulika mpira) - pinki, imvi, ofiira kapena abulauni... Atadya mokwanira, wokhetsa magazi amapuma, ndipo mkazi amafa, atayika kale mazira.
Zofunika! Kamodzi paka, nkhupakupa imayang'ana malowa posaka malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, posankha, mwalamulo, mkwapu, pamimba, makutu, miyendo yakumbuyo kapena malo obisika.
Atapeza malo abwinobwino, wolowererayo amadula khungu ndi chibakera chake, kuyamba kuyamwa magazi ndikumasula malovu. Woyambitsa magazi atazindikira kale, amachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda.
Chifukwa nkhupakupa ndi owopsa kwa mphaka
Anthu samachita mantha ndi nkhupakupa, zina zomwe (osati zonse!) Zimanyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapezeka mthupi mwawo, kuphatikizapo typhus, hemorrhagic fever, tularemia ndi virus encephalitis.
Amphaka am'nyumba amavutika kwambiri ndi nthumwi za mtundu wa Ixode kuposa agalu, mwina chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wokhalitsa: sikuti aliyense ali ndi ziweto zomwe zimalola kuti ziweto zawo ziziyenda mozungulira mabwalo ndi mabwalo.
Ngati masharubu omwe athawira kuufulu abwerera kwawo ali ndi tiziromboti tating'onoting'ono, nkutheka kuti m'masiku ochepa padzakhala zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (hemabartonellosis), matenda a Lyme (borreliosis), piroplasmosis, theileriosis kapena matenda ena.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndimatenda osavuta omwe amawononga maselo ofiira, mafuta m'mafupa, ma lymph node ndi ziwalo zamkati mwa mphaka. Matendawa ndi ovuta kuwazindikira, ndichifukwa chake chithandizo chawo chimachedwa. Matendawa amapangidwa kuchipatala chowona zanyama pofufuza magazi amphaka mu labotale.
Chongani zizindikiro kuluma
Sangawoneke nthawi yomweyo, koma pambuyo pa masabata 2-3. Kodi mwachotsa chiphaso? Onetsetsani thanzi la chiweto chanu.
Ziwonetsero zomwe ziyenera kukuchenjezani:
- kutentha kutentha;
- kukana kudyetsa ndi kuwonda kowonekera;
- ulesi, mphwayi;
- kutsegula m'mimba ndi kusanza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asowe m'thupi;
- chifuwa / mpweya wochepa (zizindikiro za kulephera kwa mtima);
- kuchepa magazi (blanching wa m'kamwa ndi zina mucous zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana);
- pinki kulocha mkodzo;
- chikondi ndi zodabwitsa zina.
Zofunika! Nthawi zambiri, kuluma kumadzetsa vuto linalake, kumayambitsa khungu komanso kupweteketsa (mpaka abscess).
Zoyenera kuchita ngati mphaka walumidwa ndi nkhupakupa
Unikani mphaka yemwe akubwera kuchokera mumsewu (makamaka munthawi ya nkhupakupa) mosamala, ndikuwaphwanya ndi chisa ndi mano pafupipafupi. Nthawi zina nkhupakupa yotupa imapezeka mukamasisita ubweya ndipo, ngati idalibe nthawi yoti ipezeke, imachotsedwa ndikuwonongeka. Apo ayi, chitani mosiyana.
Kodi mungatani
Chida chilichonse chomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, chotsani tiziromboti pokhapokha ndi magolovesi kuti mupewe matenda mwangozi. Ndikofunika kwambiri, mukamatulutsa nkhupakupa, kuti musadule zidutswa, kusiya mutu pansi pa khungu: izi zimatha kubweretsa kutupa. Mukakanikizira mwamphamvu munthu woyamwa magazi, pamakhala kumasuka kwadzidzidzi malovu owopsa mkati ndipo chiopsezo chotenga matenda chidzawonjezeka.
Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito Uniclean Tick Twister - kupangika kumeneku kumafanana ndi kokhomera msomali, kangapo kangapo kocheperako kapangidwe ka pulasitiki... Gawo lakumunsi la teak twister limavulazidwa pansi pa nkhupakupa, ndikuyang'ana mosamala kumtunda mozungulira.
Mulibe nthawi yogula Tick Twister - dzikonzereni ndi zopalira kapena yesani kupotoza tiziromboti ndi zala zanu. Dzozani malo olumirako ndi madzi obiriwira obiriwira kapena hydrogen peroxide, ndikuwotcha magazi omwe achotsedwayo kapena pitani nawo kuchipatala kuti akawunike. Madokotala adzakuwuzani ngati nkhupakayi ili ndi kachilombo komanso ngati thanzi la mphaka liyenera kuopedwa.
Zomwe simuyenera kuchita
Mndandanda wa zochita zoletsedwa:
- Simungatsamwitse nkhupakupa ndi mafuta a masamba - Kanemayo amakhumudwitsa wokonda magazi kuti atulutse malovu pansi pakhungu;
- Simungadzaze nkhupakupa ndi palafini / mowa - tiziromboti sangafe, koma sadzachoka, ndipo mudzawononga nthawi;
- simungathe kukulitsa chilondacho poyesa kuchipeza - mwanjira imeneyi mutha kubweretsa matenda enanso pansi pa khungu;
- sungaponye ulusi wa ulusi pamwamba pa nkhupakupa - sungafike, koma udula mutu wake.
Zotsatira za kuluma kwa nkhupakupa
Nthawi yosakaniza imatha masabata 2-3... Munthawi imeneyi, thanzi la nyani limayang'aniridwa, kuphatikiza machitidwe, njala, zochitika komanso kutentha thupi. Mukawona zopatuka, pitani kuchipatala chowona zanyama mwachangu, chifukwa bwino chithandizo chimadalira kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matendawa (gawo lake), komanso chitetezo chanyama komanso mphamvu ya mankhwala oyenera.
Nkhupakupa zimatha "kupatsa" mphaka ndi Cytauxzoonosis (theileriosis), matenda owopsa koma osowa omwe amakhudza ziwalo zambiri zamkati ndi machitidwe. Cytauxzoon felis (majeremusi) amakhala m'magazi, chiwindi, ndulu, mapapo ndi ma lymph node. Zizindikiro za matenda zimaphatikizapo kutopa mwadzidzidzi, kuchepa magazi m'thupi, jaundice, kusowa njala, kupuma movutikira, ndi malungo. Imfa imachitika pakadutsa milungu iwiri kuchokera pomwe zizindikiro zoyambirira zidayamba.
Matenda ena osowa kwambiri ndi piroplasmosis (babesiosis). Mankhwalawa amadalira mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kupondereza babesia felis, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati mphaka wasiyidwa osachiritsidwa, amafa.
Haemobartonella felis imayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (haemabartonellosis) munyama, matenda omwe amachepetsa chitetezo chamthupi, koma osati owopsa. Kubwezeretsa kumachitika patatha chithandizo chotalika.
Nkhupakupa-encephalitis mu amphaka
Chikho chimanyamula kachilomboka, kamene kamakalowa m'magazi, kamakafika ku ubongo. Pakudwala modetsa nkhawa, imvi imayamba kutentha. Zotsatira zake ndi edema ya ubongo wam'mimba ndi kufa kwa nyama kapena zovuta, kuphatikiza ziwalo, kusowa kwa masomphenya, ndi khunyu.
Onyamula encephalitis
Udindo wawo nthawi zambiri umaseweredwa ndi Ixode Persulcatus (taiga tick), wokhala ku Asia ndi madera ena aku Europe ku Russia, komanso Ixode Ricinus (European tick tick), yomwe yasankha madera ake aku Europe.
Kuphatikiza apo, nthumwi za banja la Haemaphysalis nawonso amatha kupatsira encephalitis.... Mitunduyi imakhala m'nkhalango zowirira za Caucasus, Crimea ndi Far East. Kuopseza kwa matenda a encephalitis, tularemia ndi Omsk hemorrhagic fever kumachokera ku nkhupakupa za mtundu wa Dermacentor.
Zofunika! Sikuti onse omwe amatenga magazi amakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a encephalitis: ku Europe gawo la Russia ndi pafupifupi 2-3%, ku Far East ndizochulukirapo - pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a nkhupakupa.
Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo
Matendawa amawoneka ngati amphaka omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa patadutsa maola angapo chilumireni. Masana, zizindikilo zimakulirakulira: mphaka ali ndi malungo ndipo amapuma, samachita ndi chakudya ndi madzi, kutsekula m'mimba ndi kutaya kwambiri kumayamba, nembanemba zimatuluka, ndipo kupweteka kwaminyewa kumawonekera. Zonsezi zimatha ndikumangika, kufooka ndikugwera chikomokere.
Amphaka omwe ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu, matendawa amatha milungu iwiri, akuwonetsedwa ndikufooka, kuwonjezeka pang'ono (mwa 2-3 °) kutentha, kutuluka m'mphuno ndi m'maso, ndikukana kudya. Pambuyo masiku 9-14, kulephera kumachitika mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje: zopweteka ndi ziwalo zimadziwika, chinyama chimataya chidziwitso kapena chimagwa.
Madokotala amadziwa kuti encephalitis yonyamula nkhupakupa ili ndi njira zitatu:
- pachimake njira ndi zotsatira sizingasinthe kapena imfa (ngakhale mphamvu ya mankhwala);
- nthawi makulitsidwe, kudutsa mu gawo pachimake ndi kuyamba kwa chikhululukiro pambuyo masiku 8-14;
- Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali, komwe kumafikira mu matenda am'mimba.
Pa nthawi yovuta ya matendawa, mankhwala othandizira, corticosteroids ndi jakisoni wamitsempha amawonetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mphaka amalandila ma immunostimulants, mavitamini, antihistamines, antipyretics, zokometsera zowawa ndi zopumira.
Ngati encephalitis yasintha kukhala matenda oumitsa khosi aakulu, zovuta sizingapewe, ndipo chithandizo cha ziweto chimatenga mwezi woposa umodzi.
Njira zopewera
Pokhapokha mutateteza paka ku nkhupakupa, mungakhale otsimikiza zaumoyo wake.... Samalani kwambiri mphaka, amphaka omwe ali ndi pakati komanso akuyamwitsa, nyama zofooka - musalole kuti zizituluka m'nyumba pomwe oyamwa magazi ali mkati mwa nkhalango ndi mabwalo.
Ma kolala opatsidwa mphamvu ndi mankhwala othandizira amalimbikitsidwa kuti aziyenda amphaka nthawi zonse. Reagent (nthawi zambiri fipronil) amafika pa malaya ndikuchotsa tiziromboti. Kolalayo ili ndi zovuta zitatu:
- Zimatha kuyambitsa mkwiyo m'khosi;
- poyizoni samachotsedwa ngati mphaka amatha kunyambita;
- itha kusandulika khola ngati nyama mwangozi yaigwira pa nthambi kapena mpanda wa zikwangwani.
Ma systemic agents (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ntchito) amaphatikizira opopera, kuphatikizapo Beafar, Frontline, Bars Forte ndi Hartz. Amapopera thupi lonse, kupewa kunyambita, mpaka malayawo atawuma.
Madontho owuma (Bar Forte, Frontline combo ndi ena) amagawidwa pakhosi mpaka paphewa, osaloleza kuti mphaka azinyambita.
Mankhwala oletsa anti-mite satsimikiza kuti 100% ya arthropods siliukira khate lanu. Koma, ngakhale kumamatira ku ubweya, amatha kusowa kapena kufa.
Kodi nkhupakupa pa mphaka ndizoopsa kwa anthu?
Nkhupakupa zomwe zili ndi kachilombo zomwe zabwera mnyumbamo ndizokwera pakavalo mosakayikira ndizoopsa kwa anthu: tiziromboti sasamala yemwe magazi awo, anu kapena ziweto zanu ayenera kudyetsa. Popeza kuti oyamwa magazi amalowa m'malo mwa eni, matenda omwe amanyamula sadzakhala owopsa.
