Lero padziko lapansi pali mitundu yopitilira mazana atatu ya akamba, omwe mitundu isanu ndi iwiri imangokhala m'dziko lathu. Zokwawa zapaderazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira kwawo kwakukulu ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa. Chikhalidwe cha kamba ndi chitetezo chabwino kwambiri chamthupi, chomwe chimagwira mosavuta ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndikulimbikitsa kuchiritsa mwachilonda msanga. Nyama imatha kukhalabe ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali ngakhale yopanda chakudya.
Chiyambi cha kamba
Maganizo a asayansi ambiri akadali otanganidwa ndi funso lonena za kamba. Wokondedwa wamba amadziwika kuti ndi a Permian cotylosaurs kapena eunotosaurs. Nyama yaying'ono komanso yofanana kwambiri ndi nyama ya buluzi yakale inali ndi nthiti zazifupi komanso zokulirapo, zomwe pamodzi zimapanga mtundu wa chikopa kumbuyo.
Asayansi ena amati akamba amachokera ku gulu lapadera la akalulu, omwe anali mbadwa za amphibian discosaurisk. Choyambirira, choyambirira chakale kwambiri chomwe chidagwera m'manja mwa asayansi chinali Odontochelys semitestacea, odziwika bwino m'magulu asayansi. Kamba kameneka kamadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa theka lakumunsi la chipolopolocho, komanso mano, omwe alibe mitundu yonse yazinthu zamakono. Fulu lachiwiri lakale kwambiri ndi Proganochelys quenstedti. Nyamayi inali ndi chipolopolo chathunthu komanso chopangidwa bwino, komanso inali ndi mano.
Akamba akutha kwambiri padziko lonse a Meiolania anali ndi chipolopolo chomwe nthawi zambiri chimadutsa mita ziwiri kutalika.... Kuphatikiza pa chipolopolo chachikulu, nyamayo inali ndi mchira wautali komanso wamphamvu kwambiri, womwe umakongoletsedwa ndi mafupa athyathyathya opangidwa m'mizere iwiri. Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa chigaza chaching'ono, chomwe chimakhala chopindika, mtundu wosalala, wokhala ndi msana wobwerera m'mbuyo.
Akamba amakhala ndi zaka zingati
Lingaliro lakuti mwamtheradi akamba onse amakhala ataliatali sizongowonjezera zabodza zina. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti mtundu umodzi wokha - kamba wamkulu wa Galapagos - amatha kukhala zaka zoposa mazana awiri. Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa mitundu ina, nthawi zambiri, siyidutsa zaka 20-30.... Kamba wamtundu wa Balkan m'chilengedwe amakhala zaka zopitilira zana, ndipo anthu ena aku Mediterranean ndi akamba ofiira ofiira amatha kukhala zaka makumi anayi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kamba wanjovu wotchedwa Garietta adakhala zaka 175, ndipo kamba wowala waku Madagascar Tui-Malila adakhala zaka pafupifupi 188. Zina mwazitali zimadziwika pakati pa oimira izi zokwawa.
Kamba wamkulu amakhala ndi kagayidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, motero ndiyabwino kwa mitundu yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyama iyi imatha kukhala yopanda chakudya ndi madzi kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Fulu amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa khungu lamakwinya pathupi komanso kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, komanso kutha kutsitsa ndikuimitsa kugunda kwake, chifukwa chake ukalamba umakhala wosaoneka. Kamba samwalira kawirikawiri chifukwa cha chilengedwe. Monga lamulo, chinyama chimafa ndi microflora ya tizilombo kapena chimakhala nyama yolusa.
Akamba m'chilengedwe
Nyama imakhala moyo wosungulumwa. Awiriwo amafunidwa kokha nthawi yokolola kapena pokonzekera nyengo yozizira. Akamba akugwiritsa ntchito makamaka chakudya chomera. Mitundu yambiri yamadzi amadzimadzi ndi nyama zodya nyama ndipo imadya nsomba zosiyanasiyana, molluscs, arthropods, ndi zina zopanda mafupa. Akamba akunyanja amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yodya nyama, omnivorous komanso yovuta kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akamba imakhala gawo lalikulu la nthaka ndi madzi kumadera otentha komanso ozizira. M'dziko lathu, mumatha kupeza mitengo yamakedzana, yolamba, Far Eastern, chithaphwi, Caspian ndi Mediterranean.
Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa akamba ndikumagwira nyama izi kuti apeze nyama yamtengo wapatali, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yabwino. Zoterezi zimadyedwa zosaphika, zophika komanso zokazinga. Zigoba za akamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazodzikongoletsera zachikazi za akazi achi Japan. Chiwerengero cha mitundu ina ya akamba amtunda chikuchepa chifukwa chokhazikika madera omwe anthu amakhala kale.
Zolemba kunyumba
Mitundu yaying'ono yamtunda ndi akamba amchere asangalala kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa ngati ziweto zosadzichepetsa komanso zoyambirira. Mukasungidwa, nyama iyenera kuyikidwa mu terrarium, aqua terrarium kapena aquarium. Kusankha njira yosamalira kumatengera mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse. Kudyetsa ndi kusamalira mosayenera nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa imfa panyumba.
Zomwe zili m'madzi am'madzi
Kunyumba, nthawi zambiri pamakhala makutu ofiira, musky, Caspian, silt kapena loggerhead, kamba wam'madzi, komanso Chinese Trionix. Kwa mitundu iyi, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti:
- nyanja yaikulu yamadzi;
- nyali ya ultraviolet yomwe imayatsa chilumba chomwe chimakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dera lonse la aquarium;
- zosefera;
- chakudya chapadera kwambiri.
Nsomba, nyama yaiwisi yaiwisi, mphutsi, mbewa, achule ang'onoang'ono, nkhono, komanso zakudya zamasamba monga masamba, maapulo, nthochi ndi ndere zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chachilengedwe. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa ziweto mwapadera chakudya chokwanira chokwanira chokwanira chazinthu zofunikira ndi mavitamini. Kamba wamng'ono amafunika kudyetsedwa tsiku lililonse... Akuluakulu komanso anthu okhazikika ayenera kulandira chakudya masiku atatu aliwonse.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mitundu yonse ya akamba ili ndi zingwe zopanda mawu, komabe, mitundu ina ya zosowa izi imatha kulira mokweza, zomwe zimawalola kuwopseza adani ndikuwonetsa kukwiya kwawo.
Kutentha kwa chilengedwe cha m'madzi kuyenera kusungidwa pa 26-28 ° C, ndipo chilumba chotsalira chikuyenera kutenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwa 30-32 ° C. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa kuyera kwa madzi, ndikuwongolera m'malo mwake.
Zolemba za mitundu yapadziko lapansi
Mitundu yotereyi imasungidwa m'mapiri. Pakuti kamba sing'anga-kakulidwe zokwanira kuonetsetsa terrarium ndi buku la malita 80-100.... Pansi pake, muyenera kudzaza miyala yatsuka ndi youma yamtsinje wosanjikiza masentimita 5. Ndikofunikira kupatsa kamba wamtchire dziwe laling'ono lodzaza ndi madzi ofunda ndi oyera. Kutentha kwapadera kwa magetsi kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi Watts pa lita imodzi ya voliyumu yotsekedwa. Mulingo woyenera wa kutentha uyenera kukhala 18-30 ° C.
Mitundu yapadziko lapansi ndi akamba odya kwambiri, chifukwa chake chakudya chawo chimakhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya zamasamba 90%. Pafupifupi 10% yazakudya ndi chakudya cha nyama ndikuwonjezera mchere ndi mavitamini. Muyenera kudyetsa kamba ndi chisakanizo chodulidwa bwino cha zitsamba, masamba ndi zipatso, chowonjezera ndi chinangwa, chakudya cha soya, kanyumba tchizi, yisiti youma, udzu wam'madzi, nyama yosungunuka ndi dzira lowira.
Akamba akawasungira kunyumba, kaŵirikaŵiri akamba samatha kubisala. Ngati chinyama chikuwoneka kuti sichili ndi thanzi labwino, komanso chikukana kudya kapena kutaya zamagalimoto, ndiye kuti kufunikira kofulumira kukaonana ndi veterinarian.
