Mtanda wa marble (Araneus marmoreus) ndi wa gulu la arachnids.
Kufalitsa mtanda wa marble.
Mtanda wa marble umagawidwa kumadera a Nearctic ndi Palaearctic. Malo ake amapita ku Canada ndi United States mpaka kumwera mpaka ku Texas ndi Gulf Coast. Mitunduyi imakhalanso ku Europe komanso kumpoto kwa Asia, komanso ku Russia.
Malo okhala pamtanda wa marble.
Mitanda ya Marble imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza nkhalango zowirira, komanso nkhalango, minda, minda, mapiri, m'mbali mwa mitsinje, ndi madera akumidzi ndi akumatauni. Amakhala pa tchire ndi mitengo yomwe imakula m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, komanso pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, ndipo amapezekanso m'mabokosi amakalata.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa mtanda wa marble.
Mtanda wa marble uli ndi mimba yopingasa. Makulidwe azimayi amakula kwambiri, kuyambira 9.0 mpaka 18.0 mm kutalika ndi 2.3 - 4.5 mm m'lifupi, ndipo amuna ndi 5.9 - 8.4 mm komanso kuchokera 2.3 mpaka 3.6 mm m'lifupi. Mtanda wa marble ndi polymorphic ndipo umawonetsa mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu iwiri, "marmoreus" ndi "pyramidatus", yomwe imapezeka makamaka ku Europe.
Ma morph onsewa ndi ofiira kapena achikasu mtundu wa cephalothorax, pamimba ndi miyendo, pomwe malekezero a miyendo yawo ndi amizere, yoyera kapena yakuda. Mtundu wosiyanasiyana "marmoreus" uli ndi mimba yoyera, yachikaso kapena lalanje, yokhala ndi mtundu wakuda, imvi kapena yoyera. Njira yotere imadziwika ndi dzina loti marble. Akangaude amtundu wa "piramidi" amadziwika ndi mimba yopepuka yokhala ndi malo ofiira amtundu wofiirira kumapeto. Palinso mtundu wapakatikati pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi. Zitsanzo za Marble zimayika mazira a lalanje 1.15 mm. Chidutswa cha marble chimasiyana ndi nthumwi zina za mtundu wa Araneus ndi minga yake yapadera pamiyendo.
Kubereka kwa mtanda wa marble.
Mitanda ya Marble imaswana kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Palibe zambiri zomwe zingapezeke zakumangika kwa mitanda ya marble. Amuna amapeza wamkazi pa kangaude wake, amadziwitsa za mawonekedwe awo potetemera. Mwamuna amakhudza kutsogolo kwa thupi la mkazi ndikuphwanya ziwalo zake atapachikidwa pa intaneti. Pambuyo podziwana, wamwamuna amaphimba chachikazi ndi miyendo yake ndikusamutsa umuna ndi ziwalo zake. Amuna amphaka kangapo. Nthawi zina chachikazi chimadya champhongo nthawi yomweyo atakwatirana koyamba, komabe, chimamenya mnzake nthawi iliyonse mukamakhala pachibwenzi komanso mukamakwatirana. Popeza amuna amakwatirana kangapo, ndizotheka kuti kudya anzawo sikofunikira kwambiri pamitanda ya marble.
Zitakwatirana kumapeto kwa chirimwe, yaikazi imaikira mazira m'matumba akuluakulu a kangaude.
Mmodzi mwamakolawo, mazira 653 adapezeka; cocoon idafika 13 mm m'mimba mwake. Mazirawo amabisala m'matumba a kangaude mpaka masika otsatira. M'chilimwe, akalulu achichepere amawoneka, amadutsa magawo angapo a molting ndikukhala ofanana ndi akangaude akuluakulu. Akuluakulu amakhala kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembala, atakwatirana ndikuikira mazira, amamwalira kugwa. Mazira omwe amaikidwa mu kangaude ya kangaude samatetezedwa, ndipo mtundu uwu wa akangaude sasamalira ana. Mkazi amateteza ana ake mwa kuluka koko. Akangaude ang'onoang'ono akawonekera kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa, nthawi yomweyo amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha ndikuluka ukonde, izi ndizachilengedwe. Popeza akangaude akuluakulu amafa atangokwatirana, kutalika kwa akangaude a marble kumakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokha.
Khalidwe la mtanda wa marble.
Mitanda ya Marble imagwiritsa ntchito "mzere wachiwiri" njira yopangira ukonde wotchera. Amachotsa ulusi wa poutine womwe umapezeka kuzinthu ziwiri za silika zomwe zili kumapeto kwa mimba ndikupita pansi. Panthawi ina yotsika, mzere wachiwiri umalumikizidwa kumunsi. Akangaude nthawi zambiri amabwerera pamzere waukulu kuti akapitilize kuluka.
Khoka logwira, monga lamulo, limakhala ndi ulusi womata womwe umakonzedwa mozungulira pa ulusi wowzungulira.
Mitanda ya Marble imamangirira ndi nthiti zawo pamwamba pazomera, tchire laling'ono kapena udzu wamtali. Amaluka ma webu m'mawa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapuma masana, amakhala pang'ono kutali ndi msampha womwe udapangidwa pakati pa masamba kapena moss. Usiku, akangaude a marble amakhala pakati pa ulusiwo ndikudikirira nyama kuti igwiritsane ndi ndodoyo. Ndi mazira okha m'matumba a dzira opitilira nthawi yayitali pamiyala yamabulo, ndipo akangaude ambiri amafa nthawi yozizira isanachitike, ngakhale nthawi zina mitanda ya marble imagwira ntchito nthawi yozizira kumadera ozizira monga Sweden.
Akangaude ali ndi ma mechanoreceptors ngati ma tactile sensilla - tsitsi lopendekera pamiyendo lomwe silingathe kungodziwa kugwedezeka kwa intaneti, komanso kudziwa komwe mayendedwe a wozunzidwayo agwidwa muukondewo. Izi zimalola mitanda ya marble kuti izindikire chilengedwe mwakugwira. Amamvanso kuyenda kwa mafunde ampweya. Mitanda ya Marble ili ndi ma chemoreceptor pamapazi awo omwe amagwira ntchito ya kununkhiza komanso kuzindikira kwa mankhwala. Monga akangaude ena, akazi a mtundu wa Araneus amatulutsa ma pheromones kuti akope amuna. Kukhudza kwa anthu kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi yokwatirana, wamwamuna amawonetsa kukondana pomenya mkazi ndi manja ake.
Chakudya cha mtanda wa marble.
Marble amadutsa nyama zambiri. Amaluka ukonde wa kangaude ndi kukonza ulusi womata mozungulira. Chinsalu chomata chimagwira nyama yomwe mipiringidzoyo imathamangira, kuti izindikire kugwedera kwa ulusiwo. Kwenikweni, mitanda ya marble imadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono mpaka 4mm kukula kwake. Oimira Orthoptera, Diptera ndi Hymenoptera nthawi zambiri amakodwa ndi kangaude. Masana, tizirombo pafupifupi 14 todyedwa timagulu ta kangaude.
Udindo wamtanda wa marble.
M'zinthu zachilengedwe, mitanda ya marble imayang'anira tizirombo tambiri, makamaka Diptera ndi Hymenoptera nthawi zambiri amakodwa mumisampha. Mitundu yambiri ya mavu - tiziromboti timadya nyama pamiyala yamiyala. Mavu akuda ndi oyera komanso owumba mbiya amalepheretsa akangaude ndi ululu wawo. Kenako amawakokera mchisa chawo ndikuikira mazira mthupi la wovulalayo. Mphutsi zomwe zimawoneka zimadyetsa nyama yomwe ilibe ziwalo, pomwe kangaude amakhalabe ndi moyo. Mbalame zosaiwalika, monga pendulum ku Europe, zimadya akalulu achinyalala.
Mkhalidwe wosungira
Zolembapo za Marble zilibe mwayi wapadera wosamalira.
