Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) ndi am'banja la penguin, dongosolo longa penguin.
Kufalitsa kwa Magellanic penguin.
Ma penguin a Magellanic amakhala m'chigawo cha Neotropical m'mbali mwa gombe lakumwera kwa South America. Amafalikira kuchokera ku 30 ° ku Chile mpaka 40 ° kumpoto kwa Argentina ndi zilumba za Falkland. Anthu ena amasamukira kugombe la Atlantic kumpoto kwa madera otentha.
Makhalidwe a Magellanic penguin.
Ma penguin a Magellanic amapezeka makamaka kumadera otentha ku South America, koma nthawi yamasamba amatsata mafunde am'madzi otentha. Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, Magellanic Penguin amakonda malo okhala ndi udzu kapena zitsamba m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi nyanja, kuti makolo azitha kusaka nyama.
Kunja kwa nyengo yobereketsa, ma penguin a Magellanic amakhala pelagic ndipo amakhala pafupifupi nthawi yawo yonse kugombe lakumwera kwa South America. Mbalame, monga lamulo, zimayenda mtunda wa makilomita zikwi zambiri. Amalowera kunyanja kuya kwakuya kwa mita 76.2.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa Magellanic penguin.
Kulemera kwa ma penguin a Magellanic kumasiyanasiyana ndi nyengo. Amakonda kulemera pokhapokha molt (ayamba mu Marichi) akamaphika mwachangu milungu ingapo yotsatira. Champhongo chimalemera pafupifupi 4.7 kg ndipo chachikazi ndi 4.0 kg. Kutalika kwapakatikati kwa abambo ndi amai ndi 15.6 cm, 14.8 cm, motsatana. Mlomo ndi wautali masentimita 5.8 wamwamuna ndi wamkazi masentimita 5.4.
Mapazi a ukonde, pafupifupi, amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 11.5 - 12.2. Akuluakulu ndi mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi msana wakuda komanso mbali yoyera yakutsogolo kwa thupi. Mu nthenga za ma penguin akuluakulu, mzere woyera woyera umayimirira, womwe umayambira pa diso lililonse, wopindika kumbuyo m'mbali mwa mutu, ndikulumikizana pakhosi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma penguin akuluakulu amakhalanso ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda pansi pa khosi, pomwe mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mzere umodzi. Nthenga za ma penguin achichepere ndizoyera - imvi ndi mawanga akuda pamasaya.
Kubereka kwa Magellanic penguin.
Magellanic penguin ndi mitundu yokhayokha. Mabanja osatha akhala alipo kwa nyengo zambiri. Nthawi yokolola, yaimuna imakopa mkazi ndi kulira komwe kumakhala ngati kubangula kwa bulu. Kenako yamphongo idzayenda mozungulira chozungulira chibwenzi chake, ikuphwanya mapiko ake mwachangu. Amuna amamenyera ufulu wokhala ndi wamkazi, anyani akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amapambana. Nkhondo ikachitika mazira atayikidwa, wopambanayo, ngakhale atakhala wamkulu, nthawi zambiri amakhala mwini chisa chomwe akufuna kuteteza.
Ma penguin a Magellanic amapeza zisa zawo pafupi ndi gombe. Amakonda malo okhala pansi pa tchire, komanso amakumba maenje m'matope kapena matope.
Ma penguin a Magellanic amakhala m'malo olimba, pomwe zisa zimapezeka pamtunda wa masentimita 123 - 253 wina ndi mnzake.
Mbalame zazikulu zimafika pamalo awo oberekera koyambirira kwa Seputembala ndipo zimaikira mazira awiri kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Mwana wankhuku wina nthawi zambiri amafa ndi njala ngati akusowa chakudya kapena kukula kwa njuchi ndi kochepa. Mazirawo amalemera 124.8 g ndipo ndi kukula kwa 7.5 cm.
Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 40 mpaka 42. Mbalame zazikulu zimadyetsa anapiye pobwezeretsanso chakudya. Ma penguin achichepere amatha masiku 40 mpaka 70, nthawi zambiri pakati pa Januware ndi kumayambiriro kwa Marichi.
Anapiye amasonkhana "nazale" ndikupita kumadzi, pomwe mbalame zazikulu zimakhala pagombe kwa milungu ingapo kuti zizimira. Ma penguin achichepere a Magellanic amaswana pambuyo pa zaka zinayi
Ma penguin a Magellanic amakhala zaka 25 mpaka 30 kuthengo.
Makhalidwe a Magellanic penguin.
Monga ma penguin ambiri, ma penguin a Magellanic amakhala mbalame zomwe zimakonda kuyamwa ndipo amaphunzitsa kudyetsa panyanja. Amasamukira kumwera kukaswana kumadera akumwera kwa South America ndi zilumba zapafupi za m'nyanja. M'nyengo yoswana, mbalame zimakhala nthawi yayitali m'mphepete mwa mchenga kapena miyala.
Pamapeto pa nyengo yoswana, akulu ndi ana amasamukira kumpoto ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wopha nyama, mpaka kukafika ku 1000 km kumtunda.
Amuna ndi akazi amateteza zisa zawo kuti zisawonongedwe, koma nthawi zambiri kumabuka mikangano pakati pa abambo kumalo obisalako, komwe kumakhala anthu 200,000. Poterepa, awiriawiri amatha chisa patali masentimita 200 wina ndi mnzake.
Ma penguin achichepere akasunthira kunyanja, amapanga magulu akulu. Mbalame zazikuluzi zimadziphatika pambuyo pake kuti ziziyenda limodzi m'nyanja yozizira.
Ma penguin a Magellanic amakhala ndi machitidwe ofunikira kuti athane ndi nyengo yofunda. Ngati kukutentha kwambiri, amakweza mapiko awo m'mwamba kuti awonjezere malo amphepo.
Ma penguin a Magellanic akudyetsa.
Ma penguin a Magellanic amadyera makamaka nsomba za pelagic, chakudya chawo chimatsimikizika ndi malo odyetsera. Ma Penguin omwe amakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo makamaka amatola. M'madera akumwera, anyani amasaka nyama zam'madzi, amadya zosakaniza ndi sardini.
Malo osungira a Magellanic penguin.
Magellanic Penguin ali pa IUCN Red List yomwe ili ndi "pafupi pangozi". Mwachilengedwe, kuchepa pang'ono kwa mbalame kumawonedwa. Pakusamuka kwawo pachaka, anyani nthawi zambiri amayenda m'misewu yam'nyanja ndipo amathera mumaukonde. Kusodza kwamalonda kukuwononga nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu zamagulu a penguin a Magellanic.
IUCN yakhazikitsa njira yochepetsera nsomba za anchovy m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Argentina ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anyani ku Punta Tombo.
Pofuna kukonza malo okhala mbalame zosawerengeka, sitima yonyamula sitima idasunthidwa makilomita 40 kupita kumtunda kugombe la Chubut. Boma la Argentina lakhazikitsa malo atsopano otetezera nyanja m'mphepete mwa nyanja, omwe akuphatikizapo malo odyetserako ziwombankhanga za Magellanic (Patagonia ku Southern Hemisphere, Pinguino Island, Makenke ndi Monte Leon). Pafupifupi magulu 20 a mbalamezi amatetezedwa ku UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, yayikulu kwambiri ku Argentina. Tsoka ilo, mapaki ambiri alibe mapulani ogwira ntchito komanso kuchitapo kanthu poteteza ma penguin. Kafukufuku akuchitika kuzilumba za Falkland (Malvinas) kuti azindikire malo omwe pali mikangano pakati pa anyani omwe amapezeka m'malo opangira mafuta.
Njira zosungira ma Magellanic Penguin zikuphatikiza: kuwerengera mbalame ndikuwerengera achikulire ndi achinyamata ku Argentina, Chile ndi Falkland Islands (Malvinas). Kuchepetsa nsomba zamitundu yomwe anyani amadya. Kukonza malo okhala m'madzi otetezedwa nthawi yachisanu komanso zisa. Kuthetsa zilombo zolanda kuzilumba zokhala ndi madera. Kuletsa kuyendera mwaulere kumadera otetezedwa. Ntchito zokonzekera pakagwa miliri kapena moto.
