Leiopelma hamiltoni ndi wa gulu la amphibians.
Leiopelma Hamilton ali ndi malo ocheperako, omwe amaphatikizapo Chilumba cha Stephens, chomwe chili ku Marlborough, pagombe la chilumba chakumwera kwa New Zealand. Chilumbachi chili pafupifupi kilomita imodzi, ndipo mitundu iyi ya amphibian imakhala mdera lamakilomita 600. m kumapeto chakumwera. Zotsalira za chule wa Hamilton, wopezeka ku Waitoma, Martinborough ndi Wyrarapa pachilumba chakumpoto cha chilumba cha New Zealand, zikuwonetsa kuti mtunduwo kale unali wokulirapo.
Makhalidwe a leamilopelma a Hamilton.
Achule a Hamilton amakhala m'nkhalango za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma tsopano malowa amangokhala ma 600 mita lalikulu lamiyala yodziwika kuti "banki ya achule" ku Stephens Island Peak. Derali poyamba linali ndiudzu, koma ndikukula kwa malo odyetserako ziweto, malowo adataya nkhalango. Magawo ena amderali abwezeretsedwanso momwe adakhalira pambuyo poti mpanda udakhazikika kuti ziweto zazinyama zisayende.
Derali limakutidwa ndi udzu komanso mipesa ing'onoing'ono. Ming'alu yambiri yakuthanthweyi imapereka malo ozizira komanso achinyezi oyenera achule. Hamilton's Leiopelma amakhala kutentha kuyambira 8 ° C m'nyengo yozizira mpaka 18 ° C nthawi yotentha. Mtundu wa amphibianwu sapezeka pamtunda wamamita mazana atatu kupitirira nyanja.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa leamilopelma ya Hamilton.
Hamilton's Leiopelma amakhala wofiirira kwambiri. Mzere wakuda kapena wakuda umadutsa m'maso moyang'ana kutalika kwa mutu mbali iliyonse. Mosiyana ndi achule ambiri, omwe adadula ophunzira, achule a Hamilton ali ndi ana ozungulira, osazolowereka kwa amphibiya. Kumbuyo, mbali ndi miyendo, mizere ya tiziwalo tambiri imakhala yoonekera, yomwe imatulutsa madzi onunkhira ofunikira kuwopseza adani. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa amuna, okhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 42 mpaka 47 mm, pomwe amuna amakhala kukula kuyambira 37 mpaka 43 mm. Monga mitundu ina ya banja la Leiopelmatidae, ili ndi nthiti zomwe sizigwirizana ndi ma vertebrae. Achule achichepere ndimakope a akulu akulu, koma ali ndi michira yokha. Pakukula, michira iyi imazimiririka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo chule wa Hamilton amatenga gawo la chitukuko.
Kuswana chule wa Hamilton.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yofanana, achule a Hamilton samakopa mnzake kuti amve phokoso. Alibe nembanemba komanso zingwe zamawu, motero samangolira. Komabe, amphibiya amatha kutulutsa timbalame tating'onoting'ono tomwe timaswana m'nyengo yoswana.
Monga achule ambiri, nthawi yokwatirana, chule wamwamuna wa Hamilton amaphimba wamkazi kumbuyo ndi miyendo yake.
Achule a Hamilton amaswana kamodzi pachaka, pakati pa Okutobala ndi Disembala. Mazira amaikidwa m'malo ozizira, ozizira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pansi pamiyala kapena mitengo yomwe imapezeka munkhalangoyi. Zaphatikizidwa mu milu ingapo, yomwe imakonda kumamatirana. Chiwerengero cha mazira chimayambira 7 mpaka 19. Dzira lirilonse liri ndi yolk yozunguliridwa ndi kapisozi wandiweyani wokhala ndi zigawo zitatu: nembanemba yamkati ya vitelline, gawo lapakati la gelatinous, ndi gawo lakunja lotetezera.
Kukula kumatenga kuyambira masabata 7 mpaka 9 kwa iwo, kwa masabata ena 11-13, kusandulika kukhala chule wamkulu kumachitika, pomwe mchira umayamwa ndipo nthambi zimakula. Kukula kuli kwachindunji, popeza tadpoles samapanga, achule ang'onoang'ono ndimakope ang'onoang'ono achule. Kusintha konse kumatenga nthawi kuchokera zaka 3 mpaka 4 asanakule msinkhu, munthawi imeneyi achule achichepere amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 12-13 mm.
Yaimuna imakhalabe pamalo pomwe amayikira mazira, amateteza zowalamulira kuyambira sabata mpaka mwezi umodzi. Mazira atayikidwa, amateteza chisa ndi mazira, amasunga malo okhazikika kuti ana akule. Kusamalira ana kotere kumawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka achule achichepere pochepetsa kuchepa kwa nyama, ndipo mwina, kukula kwa matenda a fungus.
Nthawi ya achule a Hamilton akuti ndi zaka 23.
Zodziwika bwino zamakhalidwe a camil Hamilton.
Achule a Hamilton amangokhala; anthu onse amakhala moyandikana wina ndi mnzake m'malo okhalamo ndipo samawonetsa chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Achule a Hamilton amakhala usiku. Amawonekera madzulo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala otanganidwa usiku wa mvula komanso chinyezi chambiri.
Achule a Hamilton ali ndi maso omwe amasinthidwa bwino kuti azitha kuona zithunzi pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chakupezeka kwa maselo ambiri olandila.
Makina akhungu ndi chitsanzo cha kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Achule a Hamilton ndi obiriwira moterata, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kubisalapo pakati pa miyala, mitengo ndi zomera. Ngati zilombo zikupezeka, amphibiya amaundana m'malo mwake, kuyesera kuti asadziwike, ndipo atha kukhala nthawi yayitali, kuzizira pamalo amodzi, mpaka chiwopsezo cha moyo chitadutsa. Achule a Hamilton amawopseza nyama zolusa zomwe zili ndi malo owongoka thupi ndi miyendo yotambasula. Amatha kutulutsa zinthu zonunkhira kuchokera ku tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono kuti tipewe kugwidwa ndi zolusa.
Chakudya cha leopelma ya Hamilton.
Hamilton's Leiopelmas ndi tizilombo tomwe timadya tizilombo tomwe timadya tizilombo tomwe timakhala tambirimbiri, kuphatikizapo ntchentche za zipatso, njoka zazing'ono, masika, ndi njenjete. Achule achichepere ndi 20mm okha ndipo alibe mano, chifukwa chake amadyetsa tizilombo popanda chivundikiro cholimba, monga nkhupakupa ndi ntchentche za zipatso.
Khalidwe lodyetsa achule a Hamilton limasiyana ndi achule ena ambiri. Achule ambiri amalanda nyama ndi lilime lokakamira, koma popeza malilime a achule a Hamilton amakula mkamwa, achule a amphibian amayenera kusunthira mutu wawo wonse kutsogolo kuti agwire nyama.
Mkhalidwe wosungira leiopelma wa Hamilton.
Leiopelma Hamilton ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi, yomwe yatchulidwa mu Red Book ndi gulu la ICUN. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akusonyeza kuti pali achule pafupifupi 300 okha pachilumba cha Stephens. Zowopseza kuchuluka kwa amphibiya osowa zimachokera kuzilombo - tuatara ndi khoswe wakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kuthekera kwakufa ngati ali ndi matenda owopsa a fungus omwe amadza chifukwa cha bowa wa chytrid.
Dipatimenti Yosamalira Zachilengedwe ku New Zealand ikuwunika kuchuluka kwa anthu ndipo ikukhazikitsa pulogalamu yobwezeretsa achule a Hamilton pamlingo wawo wakale. Njira zodzitetezera ku mitundu yayikulu zimaphatikizapo kupanga mpanda mozungulira malo otetezedwa kuti adani asafalikire, komanso kusamutsira achule ena pachilumba chapafupi kuti akaswanebe.
