Ziweto za Fowler (Anaxyrus fowleri) ndi za banja la Bufonidae, dongosolo la amphibiya opanda zingwe.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa toyala ya Fowler.
Zilonda za Fowler nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira, zotuwa, kapena zobiriwira za maolivi zokhala ndi mawanga akuda kumbuyo, zotchulidwa zakuda ndi mzera wonyezimira. Malo amdima ali ndi ziphuphu zitatu kapena kupitilira apo. Mimba ndi yoyera komanso yopanda mawanga. Yamphongo imakhala yakuda mdima, pomwe yaikazi imakhala yowala nthawi zonse. Makulidwe amthupi ali mkati mwa 5, pazipita masentimita 9.5. Zolembapo za Fowler zili ndi nsagwada yopanda mano komanso mapangidwe owonjezera kumbuyo kwa maso. Tadpoles ndi tating'ono, ndi mchira wautali, pomwe zipsepse zakumtunda ndi zapansi zimawoneka. Mphutsi zimakhala zazikulu kuyambira 1 mpaka 1.4 masentimita.
Chikho cha Fowler chinafalikira.
Ziweto za Fowler zimakhala mdera la Atlantic. Mitunduyi ikuphatikizapo Iowa, New Hampshire ku Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Ohio, ndi West Virginia. Wogawidwa pafupi ndi mitsinje ya Hudson, Delaware, Susquehanna ndi mitsinje ina kumwera kwa Ontario, m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Erie. Zidole za Fowler ndi Bufonidae wofala kwambiri ku North Carolina.
Malo okhalamo toya a Fowler.
Zitsamba za Fowler zimapezeka m'zigwa za m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'malo otsika m'mapiri. Amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mchenga, madambo ndi magombe. M'nyengo yotentha, youma komanso m'nyengo yozizira amaikidwa m'manda motero amakhala ndi nyengo yovuta.
Kuswana mphodza za Fowler.
Zitsamba za Fowler zimaswana m'nyengo yotentha, nthawi zambiri kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni. Amphibian amaikira mazira m'madzi osaya, chifukwa amasankha madzi otseguka kwambiri: mayiwe, kunja kwa nyanja, madambo, nkhalango zanyontho. Amuna amasamukira kumalo oberekera, komwe amakopa akazi ndi mawu omwe amatuluka pafupipafupi mpaka masekondi makumi atatu. Amuna ena amphongo nthawi zambiri amalabadira kuitana, ndipo amayesa kukolelana. Yamphongo yoyamba imazindikira kulakwa kwake nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa inayo imayamba kukuwa kwambiri. Ikakwatirana ndi yaikazi, yamphongo imamugwira ndimiyendo yake kumbuyo. Itha kumera mazira mpaka 7000-10000. Feteleza ndi yakunja, mazira amakula kuyambira masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri, kutengera kutentha kwamadzi. Ziphuphu zimasinthasintha ndikusandulika kukhala tinthu ting'onoting'ono mkati mwa masiku makumi atatu mpaka makumi anayi. Ziphuphu zazing'ono za Fowler zimatha kuswana chaka chotsatira. Kukula pang'onopang'ono kumatha kubereka ana patatha zaka zitatu.
Khalidwe la toad la Fowler.
Zitsamba za Fowler zimagwira usiku, koma nthawi zina amasaka masana. Nthawi yotentha kapena yozizira kwambiri, amaikidwa m'manda. Ziwombankhanga za Fowler zimachitapo kanthu kwa adani ndipo zimadziteteza m'njira zopezeka.
Amatulutsa zinthu zoyipa kumbuyo kwakukulu.
Chinsinsi chake chokwiyitsa chimakwiyitsa pakamwa pa nyamayo, ndipo imalavulira nyama yomwe yagwidwa, chinthu choteteza makamaka chakupha nyama zazing'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, achule a Fowler, ngati sangathe kuthawa, amagona chagada ndikudziyesa kuti afa. Amagwiritsanso ntchito mitundu yawo kuti isayende ndi dothi lofiirira komanso zomera zofiirira, chifukwa chake ali ndi khungu lomwe limafanana ndi dziko lapansi. Zilonda za a Fowler, monga ma amphibiya ena, zimamwa madzi ndi khungu lawo lobowa; samamwa "madzi" monga nyama, mbalame ndi zokwawa. Zitsamba za Fowler zimakhala ndi khungu lokulirapo komanso lowuma kuposa ma amphibiya ambiri, motero amakhala moyo wawo wonse wachikulire pamtunda. Koma ngakhale nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha, kulimba kwa thupi la chuleku kuyenera kukhalabe kozizira komanso konyowa, chifukwa chake amayang'ana malo obisika, obisika ndikudikirira kutentha kwa malo awo. Zolemba za Fowler zimakhala miyezi yozizira pansi. Amapuma makamaka ndimapapu, koma mpweya wina umalandiridwa kudzera pakhungu.
Chakudya cha toyala cha Fowler.
Ziphuphu za Fowler zimadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala padziko lapansi, kawirikawiri amadya mphutsi. Tadpoles amakhazikika pa zakudya zina ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito pakamwa pawo ngati mawonekedwe a mano kuti aphulitse algae pamiyala ndi zomera. Amadyetsanso mabakiteriya ndi zinyalala zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi.
Achichepere amadya mosadukiza, ndipo amadyetsa zazing'onozing'ono zokwanira zomwe amatha kugwira ndikumeza.
Nyamayo imamezedwa wathunthu, zisoti sizimatha kutafuna chakudya, ndikuluma. Amagwira nyama zing'onozing'ono poyenda mwachangu lilime lawo lomata. Nthawi zina mikwingwirima imagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo yakutsogolo kuthandiza kuwombera nyama zazikulu pammero. Pafupifupi alimi onse komanso olima minda amadziwa kuti achule a Fowler amadziwika kuti ndi amphibiya, kuwononga tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndikuwakhazika m'minda, minda yazipatso, ndi minda yamasamba. Amatha kusonkhana pama nyali owala kuti adye tizilombo tomwe timadzikundikira pamenepo. Anthu oterewa nthawi zambiri amakhala omwenso amakhala mnyumba yomweyo kwa nthawi yayitali. Toads amawona nyama zowoneka, poyenda ndikugwira pafupifupi chilichonse chaching'ono chosuntha. Adzazunguliridwa ndi tizilombo tatsopano tofa, chifukwa amangowatsogolera ndi tizilombo tomwe timauluka komanso tokwawa.
Udindo wa Fowler toad.
Zolemba za Fowler zimayang'anira tizilombo tambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala chakudya cha odyetsa ena, amadyedwa ndi nyama zambiri, makamaka njoka, zomwe m'mimba mwake zimatha kusokoneza poizoni. Akamba, ma raccoon, zikopa, akhwangwala ndi nyama zina zomwe zimadya nyama zimatha kugulitsa zoseweretsa ndikudya chiwindi chopatsa thanzi komanso ziwalo zamkati, ndikusiya nyama yambiri ndi khungu lakupha zisanachitike. Ziphuphu zazing'ono sizimatulutsa mankhwala owopsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimadyedwa ndi zilombo zambiri kuposa achikulire.
Malo osungira zala za Fowler.
Zowopseza zazikulu zakupezeka kwa zoseweretsa za Fowler ndikuwonongeka kwanyumba ndi kugawikana.
Kukula kwa ulimi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuntchito kumabweretsa mavuto.
Poyerekeza, ngakhale chiwonongeko cha anthu ambiri sichowopsa ngati zomwe anthu angachite. Komabe, zosefera za Fowler zimasinthasintha pakusintha kwa zinthu ndikukhala m'malo ena akumatawuni ndi akumatauni, komwe kuswana ndi kupanga chakudya kumakhalabe. Kusintha kwakukulu kunaloleza zitsamba za Fowler kuti zikhalebe m'miyeso yawo, ngakhale kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu pakati pa amphibian ena. Komabe, zitsamba zambiri zimaphedwa ndi magudumu amgalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pagombe komanso malo omwe alendo amapitako. Malo okhala ndi milulu ndi owopsa pamtunduwu. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala muulimi kukuthandizanso kutsika kwa chiwerengero cha amphibiya m'malo ena. Mitunduyi ili pachiwopsezo ku Ontario. Ziwombankhanga za Fowler zidatchulidwa kuti Zovuta Kwambiri ndi IUCN.
