Galapagos penguin (dzina lachilatini - Spheniscus mendiculus) ndi woimira banja la Penguin, mtundu wa ma penguin.
Kufalitsa kwa penguin wa Galapagos.
Galapagos Penguin imagawidwa kuzilumba za Galapagos, kugombe lakumadzulo kwa Ecuador. Amakhala chaka chonse wokhala zilumba zambiri za 19 mumtsinje wa Galapagos. Mbalame zambiri zimapezeka pazilumba ziwiri zazikulu za Fernandina ndi Isabela.
Kukhazikika kwa penguin wa Galapagos.
Ma penguin a Galapagos amakhala m'malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'madzi momwe kuzizira kumabweretsa chakudya chochuluka. Mbalamezi zimapuma pagombe lamchenga komanso magombe amiyala. Amakhazikika m'mbali mwa nyanja. Ma penguin a Galapagos amakhala makamaka kuzilumba zazikulu za Fernandina ndi Isabela, komwe amaikira mazira m'mapanga kapena m'mapanga. Amapezekanso pakati pa miyala yaphulika pachilumbachi. Amasaka nsomba zazing'ono ndi nkhanu m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, akumadumphira pansi kuya pafupifupi mita 30.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa penguin wa Galapagos.
Ma penguin a Galapagos ndi mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi masentimita 53 okha ndipo zimalemera pakati pa 1.7 ndi 2.6 kg. Amuna amakhala ndi matupi akulu kuposa akazi. Ma penguin a Galapagos ndi mamembala ochepera kwambiri a Spheniscus, kapena gulu la ma penguin "okhala" Mitunduyi imakhala yakuda kwambiri ndi utoto woyera mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi komanso dera loyera loyera.
Monga ma penguin onse owoneka bwino, mbalame zimakhala ndi mutu wakuda wokhala ndi chizindikiro choyera chomwe chimayambira pamwambapa mwa maso onse ndikubwerera mmbuyo, pansi, ndikupita patsogolo pakhosi. Ali ndi mutu wopapatiza ndipo mzere wakuda umawasiyanitsa ndi mitundu yofanana. Pansi pamutu, ma penguin a Galapagos ali ndi kolala yaying'ono yakuda yomwe imatsikira kumbuyo. Pansi pa kolala yakuda, pali mzere wina woyera womwe umayenda mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi ndi mzere wina wakuda womwe umayendanso kutalika kwa thupi lonse.
Kubereketsa Galapagos Penguin.
Ma penguin a Galapagos amakhala ndi chizolowezi chocheza asanakwatirane. Khalidweli limaphatikizapo kutsuka nthenga, kusisita ndi mapiko ndi milomo. Penguin iliyonse imamanga chisa, chomwe chimasinthidwa nthawi zonse mpaka mazira atayikidwa. Makhalidwe oberekana a ma penguin a Galapagos ndiopadera. Pomanga chisa, mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zilizonse zomwe zimapezeka ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaba miyala, timitengo ndi zinthu zina pachisa chapafupi pomwe eni ake kulibe.
Mazirawo atayikidwa, mbalame zimayambanso kulumikizana. Mbalame imodzi ikakhala pamazira, yachiwiri imapeza chakudya.
Ma penguin a Galapagos amaswana kawiri kapena katatu pachaka, amaikira mazira awiri, makamaka pakati pa Meyi ndi Julayi. Komabe, pansi pa nyengo yabwino, kuberekana kumachitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Ma penguin a Galapagos amamanga zisa m'mapanga kapena mapiri ophulika. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 38 mpaka 42. Anapiyewo ataswa, mayi wina amateteza ana ake, pamene winayo amafunafuna chakudya chodyetsera anapiyewo. Atabwerera ku chisa, anyaniwa amabwezeretsanso chakudya chomwe anabweretsa kwa anapiye. Ntchito yayikulu yoteteza ndi kudyetsa ana imatenga pafupifupi masiku 30 kapena 40, pomwe anapiyewo amakula mowonekera, kenako mbalame zazikulu zimatha kudyetsa mwakachetechete, kusiya chisa popanda wina wowasamalira. Udindo woteteza anawo umatha pafupifupi mwezi, pambuyo pake ma penguin achichepere amaliza kukula kwawo mpaka kukula kwa wamkulu.
Anapiye amakula pafupifupi masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi (60) ndikukhala odziyimira pawokha pakatha miyezi 3 mpaka 6. Amayi achikazi amaswana ali ndi zaka 3 mpaka 4, ndipo amuna azaka 4 mpaka 6.
Ma penguin a Galapagos amakhala mwachilengedwe zaka 15 - 20.
Chifukwa cha kufa kwakufa kuchokera kuzilombo, njala, nyengo ndi zochitika zaumunthu, ma penguin ambiri a ku Galapagos sakhala mpaka pano.
Makhalidwe amtundu wa ma penguin a Galapagos.
Ma penguin a Galapagos ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala mdera lalikulu. Khalidweli limapereka mwayi wofunikira poteteza ku adani. Ma penguin awa ndi otopetsa kumtunda ndipo miyendo yayifupi ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono samangoyenda bwino. Poyenda, ma penguin a Galapagos amayenda uku ndi uku, kutambasula mapiko awo. Koma mu gawo lamadzi ndimasambira agile. Ma penguin a Galapagos amapeza chakudya m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa zilumbazi. Ndi mbalame zakutchire ndipo zimateteza malo awo okhala ndi oyandikana nawo. Kukula kwa gawoli kumadalira kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Zakudya zabwino za ma penguin a Galapagos.
Ma penguin a Galapagos amadya nsomba zazing'ono zamtundu uliwonse (zosapitilira 15 mm m'litali) ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono ta m'madzi. Amagwira anchovies, sardines, sprat ndi mullet. Ma penguin a Galapagos amagwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo afupipafupi kusambira m'madzi ndi milomo yawo yaying'ono yolimba kuti igwire nsomba zazing'ono ndi zamoyo zina zazing'ono zam'madzi. Ma penguin a Galapagos amakonda kusaka m'magulu ndikugwira nyama zawo pansi. Malo a diso poyerekeza ndi mphuno amathandiza kuzindikira nyama makamaka kuchokera pansi pomwe ikulumikizana ndi nyamayo.
Kuphatikiza kwakuda ndi koyera kumathandiza anyani kudzikongoletsa m'madzi. Chilombocho chikayang'ana kuchokera kumwamba, chimawona utoto wakuda wakumbuyo kwa penguin, womwe umagwirizana ndi madzi akuda, akuya. Ndipo ngati ayang'ana penguin kuchokera pansi, amawona mbali yoyera yoyera, yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi madzi osazama osalala.
Kutanthauza kwa munthu.
Ma penguin a Galapagos ndiosangalatsa kukopa alendo. Alendo ambiri komanso alonda okonda mbalame ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zambiri kuti akayendere malo omwe mbalamezi zimapezeka.
Mitunduyi imakhudza kwambiri nsomba. Penguin ochepa amatha kuwononga nsomba zoposa 6,000 - 7,000, zomwe zili ndi phindu lachuma.
Njira zosungira penguin wa Galapagos.
Ma Galapagos Penguin amatetezedwa ku Galapagos National Park ndi Marine Sanctuary. Kufikira malo osungiramo mbalame kumayendetsedwa mosamalitsa ndipo kafukufuku amangotheka ndi chilolezo chapadera.
Makhalidwe apadera a nyama zolusa adayambitsidwa, ndipo ena mwa iwo achotsedwa kuzilumbazi. Ntchito zofufuzira zikufuna kupanga malo abwino okhala ndi zisa ndikukhazikitsa zisa zopangira zomwe zidamangidwa mu 2010. Pofuna kuteteza madera odyetserana ndi ma penguin, malo atatu osodzera asankhidwa komwe mbalame zimagwira nsomba komanso kusodza ndizoletsedwa. Madera Otetezedwa Aamphepete mwa Nyanja omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 2016 kuzungulira Darwin ndi Wolf Islands ndi madera atatu otetezedwa a Penguin.
Njira zotetezera izi zikuphatikiza: kufunika kwa kuwunika kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepetsa kuwedza ndi kuteteza malo am'madzi m'malo obereketsa anyani achilengedwe, kuteteza ku mitundu yachilendo m'malo obereketsa, komanso kumanga zilumba zopangira ma penguin.
