Bakha wamtsinje (Merganetta armata) ndi wa banja la bakha, dongosolo la Anseriformes. Dzina lina ndi bakha la Andesan spur, kapena Andean.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa bakha wamtsinje
Bakha wofiirira amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 46. Kulemera kwake: 315 mpaka 440 g.
Mtundu wa nthenga umasiyanasiyana osati ndi kugonana kokha, komanso kutengera magawidwe ake. Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya bakha wamtsinje.
Mwamuna wamkulu amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera yokhala ndi mizere yosanjikiza.
Chipewa chakuda ndi chapakati chosiyanitsa ndi nsidze zoyera, mikwingwirima yoyera imapita kumbuyo kwa mutu ndikulumikizana ndi mawonekedwe a chilembo V. Pakati pa khosi ndikuda, kupitilirabe ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe imayenda m'maso ndi yomwe imadutsana ndi mtundu wofanana ndi V kumbuyo kwa mutu. Kumbali ya khosi, mzere wakuda umalumikiza mzere wakudawo kumbali ya maso. Mutu wonse ndi khosi ndizoyera.
Chifuwa ndi mbali zimakhala ndi mitundu yakuda, yakuda bulauni komanso yolumikizana yakuda, koma pali mitundu yapakatikati yamitundu pakati pamalankhulidwe awa. Mimbayo ndi yakuda imvi. Chivundikiro chonse cha nthenga cha thupi ndi chigawo chofalikira chimakhala ndi nthenga zapadera komanso zowongoka, zakuda bulauni, pakati ndi malire oyera. Kumbuyo, chotupa ndi nthenga za mchira zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono imvi ndi yakuda. Nthenga za mchira ndizitali, zotuwa. Nthenga zokutira zamapiko zimakhala zotuwa buluu, zokhala ndi "kalilole" wobiriwira wobiriwira mu chimango choyera. Nthenga zazikulu zimakhala zofiirira.
Mkazi ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pamtundu wa nthenga za m'mutu ndi thupi lotsika. Chipewa, mbali zonse za nkhope ndi khosi, kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi nthenga zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi zotuwa, ndizitsulo zazing'ono kwambiri. M'dera la masamba amapewa, nthenga zimatalikitsidwa ndikuwongola, zakuda, pakati pake. Khosi, kutsogolo kwa khosi ndi nthenga pansi pamtundu wowoneka bwino wofiirira. Mapiko ndi mchira ndizofanana ndi zaimuna.
Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi zoyera pansi zomwe zimasakanikirana ndi imvi. Mbali zonse za thupi zimatuluka ndi zikwapu zakuda.
Malo okhalamo bakha
Bakha wa mumtsinjewu amakhala mdera lamapiri la Andes, pomwe mathithi ndi mathithi amasinthana ndi malo amadzi odekha. Malowa amakhala pakati pa 1,500 ndi 3,500 mita pamwamba pa nyanja, koma pafupifupi panyanja ku Chile mpaka 4,500 mita ku Bolivia.
Bakha wa Brook anafalikira
Bakha wa Brooks amafalitsidwa pafupifupi m'maketani onse a Andes, Merida ndi Techira ku Venezuela. Nyumbayi imadutsa Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, chakumadzulo kuchokera ku Argentina ndi Chile kupita ku Tierra del Fuego. Mbalamezi, zomwe zimapezeka pamwamba pamapiri, zimatsikira kuzigwa m'nyengo yozizira, sizimakhala pansi pamamita 1000, kupatula Chile. Ku Colombia, adalembedwa kumtunda mpaka 300 mita.
Makhalidwe a bakha la mtsinje
Abakha a Brook amakhala awiriawiri kapena mabanja omwe amakhala m'mitsinje. Nthawi zambiri amaima pamiyala m'mbali mwa gombe kapena pamiyala pakati pamtsinje. Amasambira mumitsinje yamphamvu, mwaluso kupewa zopinga, ndipo thupi ndi mchira nthawi zambiri zimabisala m'madzi ndipo pamakhala mutu ndi khosi zokha.
Amayenda mwachangu pansi pa mathithi kapena pafupi kwambiri, kunyalanyaza kotheratu mtsinje wamadziwo. Akasambira, abakha amtsinje amakwera miyala kuti akapume. Mbalame zosokonezeka zimayenda pansi pamadzi ndikusambira pansi pamadzi kapena zimauluka pamwamba pamadzi.
Abakha a Brook ndi osambira osambira komanso osambira osiyanasiyana omwe amapeza chakudya posambira ndipo nthawi zina amangowonetsa kuwuluka kwakanthawi.
Abakhawa amauluka mtunda kuchokera mita imodzi mpaka zingapo pamwamba pamtsinje kuti akafike kuchokera pagawo lina kupita kumalo ena. Amasambira pogwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo yamphamvu, yamphamvu ndipo amapukusa mitu yawo posambira. Matupi awo ang'onoang'ono amawalola kuti adutse mwachangu mitsinje yamadzi. Zikhadabo zawo zazitali, zamphamvu ndizabwino kumamatira kumiyala yoterera. Mchira wamphamvu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zingwe zosambira ndikusambira, komanso kusinthanitsa pamapiri otsetsereka pakati pamtsinje.
Abakha a ku Brook ndi mbalame zosamala ndipo, pakawopsa, amiza thupi lawo lonse m'madzi kuti asawatulukire. Abakha amakonzekeretsa nthenga zawo nthawi zonse kuti azisunga madzi.
Kuuluka kwa abakha am'mitsinje ndi kwamphamvu, mwachangu, ndipo kumachitika m'malo otsika. Mbalamezi zimapanga mapiko ang'onoang'ono ndipo zimatsatira njira yokhotakhota. Amuna ndi akazi amatulutsa mluzu wopyoza. Pothawa, yamphongo imabereka kulira kwamphamvu, komwe kumabwerezedwa ndikumveka momveka bwino, ngakhale phokoso lamadzi. Liwu la mkazi ndilolimba kwambiri komanso lotsika.
Kudyetsa bakha wamtsinje
Abakha aku Brook akufunafuna chakudya amalowerera mopanda mantha m'madzi ndi mathithi ofulumira kwambiri. Amayang'ana mphutsi za tizilombo, molluscs ndi zina zopanda mafupa. Mothandizidwa ndi kamwa kocheperako komanso kokhomerera kumapeto, abakha molondola amakoka nyama yawo pakati pa miyala. Akasodza, amagwiritsa ntchito mikhalidwe yawo yomwe imapangitsa mbalamezi kusambira bwino: miyendo yayitali kwambiri imasinthidwa ndikusambira. Thupi laling'ono limakhala lopindika komanso mchira wautali wolimba womwe umakhala ngati chiwongolero. Kuti mupeze chakudya, abakha amtsinje amamiza mitu yawo ndi makosi awo m'madzi, ndipo nthawi zina pafupifupi thupi lonse.
Kuswana ndi kukaikira mazira a bakha wamtsinje
Awiri okhazikika komanso okhazikika amapangidwa m'mabakha amtsinje. Nthawi zoberekera ndizosiyana kwambiri, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutalika pakati pa subspecies zosiyanasiyana. Kudera la equator, nthawi yogona ndi yayitali kwambiri, kuyambira Julayi mpaka Novembala, chifukwa chokhazikika kapena kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kotentha. Ku Peru, kuswana kumachitika nthawi yopanda chilimwe, mu Julayi ndi Ogasiti, pomwe ku Chile, komwe abakha amakhala pansi, kuswana kumachitika mu Novembala. Gawo lokhalamo mbalame ziwiri limakhala pafupifupi kilomita m'mbali mwa mtsinjewo.
Mkaziyo amamanga chisa chaudzu wouma, womwe umabisala pansi pa banki yotakata, m'ming'alu pakati pa miyala, pansi pa mizu kapena muboo, mchisa cha mbalame zakale kapena mumtengowo.
Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira atatu kapena anayi. Nthawi zosakaniza, masiku 43 kapena 44, ndizotalika kwambiri kwa anatidae. Kuyambira pomwe amawoneka, abakha oyera - akuda amadziwa kusambira, ndipo molimba mtima amathamangira m'madzi, m'malo owopsa pamtsinje bakha amanyamula anapiye kumbuyo kwake. Amadzipangira chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso ndi mphamvu yolimba ndipo amawonetsa kukwera kwakukulu pamiyala.
Abakha achichepere akakhala odziyimira pawokha, amayamba kufunafuna madera atsopano, komwe amakhala m'malo okhazikika ndikukhala komweko moyo wawo wonse.
Kuteteza kwa bakha wa mtsinje
Abakha a Brook amakhala ndi anthu osakhazikika ndipo, mwalamulo, amakhala m'malo akulu osadutsa, omwe amakhala ngati chitetezo chachilengedwe. Komabe, mbalamezi zimatha kusintha malo okhala monga kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala m'derali, kapangidwe ka madamu opangira magetsi, komanso kuswana kwa mitundu ya trout yomwe imapikisana ndi chakudya. M'malo ena, abakha am'mitsinje awonongedwa ndi anthu.
