Ma swifts a Palm (Cypsiurus) ndi a banja lothamanga (Apodidae), dongosolo longa la Swift.
Zizindikiro zakunja za kanjedza kothamanga
Palm Swift imafanana ndi mpheta kukula kwa thupi, kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame yayikulu ndi masentimita 15. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi magalamu 14. The thupi ndi wachisomo.
Mtundu wa nthunzi ndi bulauni wonyezimira. Mbali zosiyana ndizopapatiza, zazitali, mapiko ooneka ngati chikwakwa ndi mchira wafoloko. Mutu ndi wofiirira, mmero ndi wotuwa. Mlomo ndi wakuda. Miyendo ndi yaifupi, ya mtundu wofiirira ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Ndizofunikira kuti mbalameyo isayime. Mgwalangwa wothamanga umakhala ndi tiziwalo tambiri tating'onoting'ono mkamwa, tomwe timatulutsa chinthu chokhazikika pomanga chisa.
Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi mtundu womwewo wa nthenga.
Mbalame zazing'ono zimasiyana ndi achikulire ndi mchira wawo waufupi.
African Palm Swift
African Swift swift (Cypsiurus parvus) imapezeka kudera lonse la Sahara ku Africa, kupatula madera amchipululu. Anthu ambiri amawona zigwa zakutchire ndi matchire, madera akumidzi komwe kuli mitengo yazikwere yobalalika. Malo okhala amakhala mpaka 1100 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Wothamanga kwambiri ku Africa amakonda mitengo ya kanjedza ya Borassus ndipo nthawi zambiri amauluka kukafunafuna zomera zomwe zimamera m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi madzi. Nthawi zina ma swifts amakhala pamitengo ya coconut m'midzi.
Kufalitsidwa ku Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Chad. Amakhala pazilumba za Gulf of Guinea, Comoros ndi Madagascar. Amapezeka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Arabia Peninsula. Mtunduwu umayambira kumpoto mpaka kumpoto kwa Namibia, ndikupitilira kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Botswana, Zimbabwe, kum'mawa kwa South Africa.
Sipezeka ku Djibouti. Kawirikawiri zimauluka kumwera kwa Egypt.
Palm Asia Mwamsanga
Asiatic Palm Swift (Cypsiurus balasiensis) imapezeka m'zigwa zotseguka pakati pa zitsamba zowirira. Malo amtunda amakhala pamtunda wa pafupifupi mamita 1500 pamwamba pa nyanja, amapezeka m'matawuni. Habitat ikuphatikiza India ndi Sri Lanka. Mtunduwo unkayambira chakum'mawa chakumadzulo kwa China. Kupitilira ku Southeast Asia ndikuphatikizanso zilumba za Sumatra, Bali, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi ndi Philippines.
Makhalidwe a kanjedza wotchera
Kuyenda kwamitengo yamitengo kumasonkhana m'magulu angapo komanso m'mitengo. Mbalame zimadyetsanso m'magulu athunthu, zimagwira tizilombo tosakhala pamwamba pamtunda, nthawi zambiri pamlingo wa korona wamtengo. Kusunthika kwa kanjedza sikutera pansi. Zili ndi mapiko aatali kwambiri ndi miyendo yaifupi, choncho mbalame sizingathe kukankhira pansi ndikupanga zonse kuti zikwere mumlengalenga.
Kudyetsa Palm Swift
Kuyenda kwa kanjedza kumadyetsa pafupifupi tizilombo tokha tomwe timauluka. Nthawi zambiri amasaka pamwamba penipeni pa nkhalango. Mbalame zimakonda kudya pagulu, kumeza nyama zomwe zikuuluka. Chiswe, njuchi, hoverflies, ndi nyerere zimakonda kudya.
Kubereketsa kwa kanjedza kwachangu
Kutembenuka kwa kanjedza ndi mbalame zamtundu umodzi. Amamanga awiriawiri kapena kupanga magulu okhala ndi mitundu yopitilira 100 yoswana. Mkazi ndi mwamuna amatenga nawo gawo pomanga chisa. Nthenga zing'onozing'ono, zopewera, zomerazo zimamatira pamodzi ndi malovu ngati zida zomangira. Chisa chimawoneka ngati kamchere kakang'ono ndipo chimakhala pambali pa tsamba la kanjedza. Mbalame zimathanso kumanga zinyumba kapena milatho.
Pofundira pali mazira 1-2, omwe mkazi amamatira pansi pa chisa ndi chinsinsi chomata.
Miyendo ya Palm Swift ndiyabwino kukhala pamalo okwera, chifukwa cha zala zakuthwa.
Mbalame zazikulu zonse ziwiri zimaswana masiku 18-22. Kutchera kwa kanjedza "kumangokhala" pa dzira limodzi lokha, lokwera pambali pake, pomwe mbalameyo imakakamira pachipilala chotsalira cha tsamba la kanjedza lomwe limawerengetsa ndi zikhadabo zake. Mukamathamangitsa, chikhatho chothamanga chimakhala chowongoka ndipo sichitha ngakhale mphepo yamphamvu, pamene mphepo imawomba padenga lanyumba.
Anapiye omwe amatuluka m'mazira poyamba amamatira pachisa chawo chosunthika ndipo samasula zikhadabo zawo. Pachifukwa ichi, chifuwa chimatembenuzidwira pachinsalu, ndipo mutu umayang'ana m'mwamba. Anapiye ndi mtundu wa zisa, koma posakhalitsa amakwiriridwa. Amakhala pamalo amenewa mpaka atatsamira ndipo amatha kuuluka. Amuna ndi akazi amadyetsa ana. Amagwira ntchentchezo ndipo amamatira tizilombo ndi malovu pamodzi, kenako amapita ku chisa ndikupereka chakudya kwa anapiye. Kusinthana kwachinyamata kwachinyamata kumadzilamulira pambuyo pa 29-33.
Subspecies ndi magawidwe
- Mitundu yaying'ono C. b. balasiensis imagawidwa m'malo ambiri aku Indian Subcontinent, kuphatikiza kumpoto kwa Himalaya, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India (Assam Hills), Bangladesh ndi Sri Lanka.
- C. infumatus amapezeka ku India (Assam Hills). Malo okhala akudutsa Hainan ndi Southeast Asia mpaka ku Malacca Peninsula, Borneo ndi Sumatra. Kuyenda kwa kanjedza kwa subspecies kumasiyanitsidwa ndi nthunzi zakuda kuposa ma subspecies ena. Mbalame zili ndi mapiko ndi mchira wabuluu - mdima wokongola wakuda. Mchira ndi wotakata komanso wamfupi, mphanda wake ndi wosazama. Mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi malire otambalala pamapiko ndi mchira.
- Subpecies C. bartelsorum amakhala ku Java ndi Bali, C. pallidior amagawidwa ku Philippines.
Mkhalidwe wa kanjedza wotchera
Kuthamanga kwa kanjedza sikuwopsezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwawo. Kumalo komwe kumakhala kofala kwambiri. Atha kupezeka m'malo omwe mitengo ya kanjedza ikuchepa. M'zaka 60-70 zapitazi, chiwerengero cha mbalame chikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikhalabe chokhazikika chifukwa palibe umboni wakuchepa kapena kuwopsezedwa.
Dera lokhala ndi minda ya coconut likuchulukirachulukira, chifukwa chake kufalitsa kwa kanjedza, komwe kumakhala pachitsamba cha masamba a kanjedza, kumakula mwachilengedwe.
Kumpoto kwa Thailand, komwe mitengo ya kanjedza ya kokonati ndi chikhalidwe, Ma swifts amapezeka m'malo amenewa. Ku Philippines, kusinthana kumawonekera pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, komwe anthu akumaloko amagwiritsa ntchito masamba a mitengo ya coconut kuphimba madenga a nyumba. Mbalamezi zimakhazikika ngakhale panthambi za kanjedza padenga.
M'madera ena a Burma, komwe mitengo ya kokonati siyodziwika, mitengo ya kanjedza imakhazikika munyumba zakumidzi.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nXiAOjv0Asc
