Maillard harrier (Circus maillardi) ndi a mu dongosolo la Falconiformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa mwezi wa Maillard
Maillard harrier ndi mbalame yayikulu yodya nyama yomwe ili ndi kukula kwa masentimita 59 komanso mapiko a mapiko a 105 mpaka 140 cm.
Mitundu iyi yotchinga imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwamitundu ikuluikulu kwambiri. Matupi ake ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ndi a Marsh Harrier. Chotengera cha Maillard chili ndi mutu wawung'ono, thupi lochepa. Kolala ngati kadzidzi. Mchira ndi wautali komanso wopapatiza. Mkazi ndi wamkulu 15% kukula kwa thupi. Nthenga za abambo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda, zoyera pansipa.
Mutu wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yomwe imapitilira pachifuwa. Chotupacho ndi choyera, mbali zake ndi zotuwa phulusa. Mchira uli ndi zikwapu zofiirira. Mlomo ndi wakuda. Voskovitsa, zikhasu zachikaso. Iris ndiyonso yachikasu. Nthenga za mkazi kumutu ndi kumbuyo ndizofiirira. Nsidze ndi opepuka. Khosi limakhala lamizere ndi kamvekedwe kofiira. Mbalizo ndi zotuwa ndimikwapu yakuda. Khosi, chifuwa ndi mimba, zoyera ndi milozo yofiirira komanso yofiira. Ntchitoyo ndi yoyera mofananamo.
Zovuta za Maillard achichepere ali ndi mutu, mmero, chifuwa ndi thupi lakumtunda, mapiko ndi mchira wa utoto wakuda ndi utoto wofiira pamimba. The occiput ndi sacrum ndi ofiira-fawn. Mtundu wa nthenga za mbalame zazikulu pamapeto pake umapezeka ndi zingwe zazing'ono zaka 4 zakubadwa.
Malo okhalamo Maillard
Maillard harrier amapezeka m'madambo, m'mbali mwa nyanja ndi zomera, m'minda ya mpunga, malo ouma ndi onyowa. Nthawi zambiri imasaka malo olimapo. Ku Comoros, imafalikira kumtunda wopitilira 500 mita. Amakonda kusambira m'mapiri okhala ndi mitengo yambiri m'mphepete mwamapiri komanso m'mitsinje ing'onoing'ono. Malo okhala mtundu uwu wa mbalame zodya nyama nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwambapa pamwamba pa bango, momwe amayang'anira abuluzi ndi mbewa. M'mapiri, maillard ma harriers amakhala kuchokera kunyanja mpaka 3000 mita, koma ndiosowa kuposa 2000 mita.
Munthawi yodzala, nkhalango zachilengedwe komanso zowonongeke sizisankhidwa, ngakhale m'malo amenewa kuli nkhalango yayitali, yolimba yomwe ili pamtunda wa 300 mpaka 700 mita. Loonie Maillard amadyetsa m'malo ambiri, koma amakonda nkhalango (65%), komanso minda ya nzimbe ndi malo odyetserako ziweto (20%) ndi malo odyetserako udzu ndi masana (15%).
Chakudya cha Loon Maillard
Looney Maillard makamaka amadyetsa mbalame ndi tizilombo:
- agulugufe,
- ziwala,
- kupemphera mantises.
50% yazakudya zawo zimakhala ndi nyama monga makoswe, mbewa ndi ma tenrecs (Tenrec ecaudatus.) Kuphatikiza apo, zotchinga zimasaka zokwawa ndi amphibiya, zimadyanso nyama zakufa.
Kufalikira kwa chotchingira Maillard
Harrier Maillard imagawidwa ku Comoros ndi Madagascar. Ma subspecies awiri amadziwika mwalamulo:
- Cm. alireza
- C. macroceles (Madagascar ndi Comoros).
Makhalidwe a Loon Maillard
Looney Maillard amakhala yekha kapena awiriawiri. Amakonda kuuluka m'mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali. Amawonetsa ndege zomwe zikufanana ndi kuyenda kwa chithaphwi ndi zotchingira bango. Pafupi ndi chisa, champhongo chimapanga kutsika kwachinyengo ndi kukwera kwakuthwa. Pakati paulendowu, nthawi zambiri amapita kukazungulira, kutsetsereka kutsika ndikufuula kwamphamvu. Chombo chotengera cha Maillard chikuwonetsa kuwuluka kodabwitsa pamagawo ake, kuwuluka pamwamba pamitengo yayitali. Mapiko ake amaphatikanso mwachidule.
Kupambana kwa nyama yolusa kumadalira pazomwe zimadabwitsa.
Chifukwa chake, amasaka nyama kuti ayambe kumugwirira. M'madera amapiri, Maillard Harrier amasaka kwambiri kuposa m'nkhalango. Ku Comoros, imawuluka pamwamba pa miyala. Mtundu uwu wa harrier umagwiritsa ntchito njira zina kuti ugwire nyama yake: imatha kuyenda mozungulira kupita kumwamba kapena, imagwiritsa ntchito malo oyang'anitsitsa pafupi kwambiri ndi dziko lapansi. Achinyamata a Maillard amateteza kusaka pansi.
Kubereketsa chotchingira Maillard
Nyengo ya zisa za Maillard zoyambira zimayamba mu Disembala ku Madagascar, mu Okutobala ku Comoros. Chisa chimamangidwa ndi udzu ndi zimayambira zazomera ndipo chimakhala pansi. Nthawi zina imakhala pamtunda wa masentimita 20 kuchokera pansi pachitsamba. Mkazi amaikira mazira awiri kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 33 - 36. Zotchinga zazing'ono zimasiya chisa m'masiku 45 - 50. Mbalame zazikulu zimapitirizabe kudyetsa ana awo kwa miyezi yoposa iwiri.
Malo osungira a Loon Maillard
Maillard harrier ku Madagascar ndi osowa kwenikweni, ngakhale ndizofala kuzilumba zazing'ono zingapo kumadzulo kwa mapiri. Maillard harrier pakadali pano ikukula pang'ono, ikufika pa 200 kapena 300 awiriawiri mdera lamakilomita 1,500. Ku Madagascar, kupezeka kwa subspecies macroceles akuyerekezedwa kuti ndi anthu 250 ndi 1000 mdera la 594,000 ma kilomita. Ngakhale ndi ma subspecies awiri, Maillard harrier amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo. Chiyerekezo cha kuchuluka kwa anthu malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2009-2010 amakhala pakati pa mbalame zazikulu 564.
Zifukwa zikuluzikulu zakuchepa kwa anthu oteteza maillard Maillard ndikupha ndi kufunafuna nyama yolusa yamphongo, yomwe imakhulupirira kuti imagwira nkhuku.
Ndipo m'mbuyomu, kukumana ndi mwezi zinali zamatsenga, zidathandizanso kuwononga mitundu iyi. Ngakhale malamulo okhazikitsidwa oteteza, zowopseza zidakalipo. Poizoni wa mankhwala am'mimba, omwe amalowa mthupi la mbalame kudzera mumakolo a chakudya, ndiowopsa kwambiri. Kuchulukanso kwamatauni ndikumanga misewu kudzabweretsa zovuta zina m'malo obisalira Maillard harrier. Pansi pamamita 1300, nkhalango zathetsedwa, kupatula malo otsetsereka kwambiri.
Mphepo zamkuntho, mvula yamphamvu komanso moto zitha kuwononga malo omwe atsalira, omwe akuwonongeka kwambiri. Zowopseza zina ndi monga kuwonongera mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kugundana ndi mawaya amagetsi ndi makina amphepo, ndikugwira mitundu ina ya mbalame.
Njira Zosungira Maillard Harrier
Lun Mayar adalembedwa mu Zowonjezera II ku CITES. Yakhala ikutetezedwa kuyambira 1966, ndipo inapatsidwanso mu 1989 ndi Lamulo la Unduna wakomweko. Ntchito zodziwikiratu za anthu ndikuteteza zoletsa kupha anthu mwadzidzidzi zathandiza kupulumutsa ndi kumasula mbalame 103, zotchinga 43 za Maillard zidatulutsidwa bwino kuthengo.
Njira zazikuluzikulu zotetezera mitundu yosawerengeka ndikuphatikizapo kuwunika kwamphamvu za anthu. Kulimbikitsa kulimbikitsa kupitiriza kuletsa kuwononga ndi kuzunza Maillard Harrier komanso kuteteza malo otsalawo. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zothanirana ndi tizilombo tozimitsa timene timachepetsa matendawa. Pangani njira yochepetsera kugunda kwa mbalame ndi zingwe ndi makina amphepo.
