Njoka yakuda yofiira (Pseudechis porphyriacus) kapena echidna yakuda ndi ya njoka zakuda za banja la aspid. Mtundu uwu umaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa njoka zowopsa kwambiri kumadera otentha ndipo ndiowopsa. Anthu aku Australia amatchula mwachidule - "njoka yakuda". Mitunduyo idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi George Shaw mu 1794 m'buku lake lonena za zinyama za New Holland.
Njoka yakuda yakuda (Pseudechis porphyriacus) imapezeka ku Eastern Australia. Ngakhale kuti poyizoni wake amatha kuyambitsa poyizoni wambiri, kulumako sikumabweretsa imfa. Njoka yamtunduwu ndi yoopsa kwambiri kuposa njoka zina zakupha ku Australia.
Zizindikiro zakunja za njoka yakuda yakuda
Njoka yakuda yakuda imakhala ndi kutalika kwa mita 1.5 ndi mita ziwiri ndi theka. Khungu lachitetezo kumbali yakumaso ndi kwakuda konyezimira kokhala ndi utoto wabuluu. Pansi pake pa thupi ndi mbali zake zajambulidwa ndi pinki, zofiira, zofiira, ndipo pali malire akuda owoneka bwino. Kutsogolo kwake ndi kofiirira kopepuka. Masikelo pakhungu ndi osalala komanso osakanikirana. Mutu wa njoka yakuda yakuda ndi yaying'ono. Mawanga a bulauni amaonekera pafupi ndi mphuno kapena pafupi ndi zitsulo zamaso.
Mano owopsa amapezeka kutsogolo kwa nsagwada. Amawoneka ngati mayini, opindika mkati ndipo ndi akulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mano ena onse. Dzino lililonse lakupha limakhala ndi ngalande yotulutsa poizoni. Nthawi zambiri chokwawa chimagwiritsa ntchito dzino limodzi lokha, canine wachiwiri amateteza ngati njoka itaya imodzi. Mano otsalawo ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, opanda ngalande ya poizoni.
Kufalikira kwa njoka yakuda yamiyendo yakuda
Njoka yakuda yofiira imagawidwa kum'mawa ndi kumwera kwa Australia.
Amapezeka pachilumba cha New Guinea. Sikupezeka kumpoto chakumayiko aku Australia komanso ku Tasmania. Amawonekera m'matawuni m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya kum'mawa kwa Australia pafupi ndi Sydney, Canberra, Adelaide, Melbourne, Cairns.
Malo okhalapo njoka yakuda
Njoka yakuda yofiira imakhala m'malo okhala chinyezi pang'ono ndipo imapezeka m'zigwa za mitsinje. Amakhala m'nkhalango zam'mizinda, m'nkhalango, pakati pa tchire. Zimapezeka pafupi ndi madamu, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mayiwe ndi madzi ena.
Makhalidwe a njoka yakuda-yamiyendo yakuda
Njoka yakuda yakuda yofiira si mtundu wankhanza, sichifuna kuyambitsa kaye. Moyo ukaopsezedwa, amafuna kuthawa womutsata. Amadziwika ndi zochitika masana. Dziwe likatentha, limatha kubisala m'madzi pafupifupi ola limodzi, limasambira ndikumira bwino kwambiri. Akatha kusaka, amabisala pansi pamiyala, miyala ndi milu ya zinyalala. Kukwawa m'mabowo, mabowo ndi ming'alu.
Zikakhala zoopsa, njoka yakuda yamiyendo yakuda imakankhira nthiti pambali.
Poterepa, mawonekedwe amthupi amathyathyola ndikukula, pomwe chokwawa chimafanana ndi mphiri yokhala ndi chotupa. Pakakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu, njokayo imakweza khosi lake mpaka kutalika kwa 10 - 20 pamwamba panthaka ndikuponyera gawo lakutsogolo kwa thupi kulimbana ndi adani, mbola ndi mano owopsa.
Mwachilengedwe, ndewu zenizeni zimachitika pakati pa amuna amtundu uwu wa njoka. Amuna awiri okhala ndi mitu yawo akuwukirana, kuyesera kupendeketsa mutu wa mdaniyo. Kenako wopambanayo amangirira thupi lake losinthasintha mozungulira womutsutsayo ndikuphwanya wopikisana naye ndi mkokomo. Kenako yamphongo yamphamvu kwambiri imagwa mwamphamvu, ndipo njoka zimabalalika kuti zitalikitse mpikisano.
Mkangano umodzi umatenga pafupifupi mphindi imodzi, ndipo mpikisano wonsewo umatha mpaka amuna atafooka kwathunthu. Nthawi zina nkhondoyi imakhala yolimba, ndipo zokwawa zimaphatikizana kwambiri kotero kuti "mpira" wakuda umatha kunyamulidwa pansi. Kulimbana kotereku ndikuti ufulu wokhala ndi gawo linalake ndipo umachitika nthawi yakumasirana. Koma ngakhale ziwalo zankhanza kwambiri zimachita popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mano owopsa.
Njoka yakuda yofiyira - chozemba chakupha
Njoka yakuda yofiira imakhala ndi poizoni wakupha, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kupondereza wovulalayo ndikutchinjiriza. Nyamayi imatha kugona pansi pa mtsinje ndikupuma. Poterepa, zimabweretsa ngozi kusamba kwa anthu omwe angathe kuponda njoka mosazindikira. Ngakhale amamuwukira pokhapokha ngati akufuna kumugwira kapena kumusokoneza.
Imfa ya thupi ikalumidwa ndi njoka yakuda yamiyala yofiira samachitika nthawi zonse, koma zizindikilo zakupha poizoni zimawonekera. Poizoniyo, yemwe amatulutsidwa mochuluka panthawi yosaka ndipo amakhudza kwambiri wozunzidwayo, amapangidwa pang'ono pokha poteteza. Kapangidwe ka zinthu zapoizoni zomwe njoka zakuda zimatulutsa zimakhala ndi ma neurotoxin, myotoxins, coagulants ndipo ali ndi zotsatira za hemolytic. Kuluma kwa reptile sikuli koopsa kwambiri, koma ozunzidwayo amafunikiranso kuchipatala mwachangu. Mlingo wocheperako umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, popeza ndiotsika mtengo, koma kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kumathandizanso kuti wodwalayo achitepo kanthu ndikupereka zotsatira zabwino.
Kudya kofiira kofiira kofiira
Zimadya abuluzi, njoka ndi achule. Njoka zazing'ono zakuda zimakonda mitundu yambiri ya invertebrates, kuphatikiza tizilombo.
Kubalana kwa njoka yakuda-yaying'ono yakuda
Njoka yakuda yamiyendo yofiira ndi ya zokwawa za ovoviviparous. Kuyambira ana 8 mpaka 40 ana kukula mu thupi wamkazi. Mwana wang'ombe aliyense amabadwa atazunguliridwa ndi thumba lanyumba. Kutalika kwa njoka ya khanda kumafika masentimita 12.2. Mbewuzo zimawonongedwa ndi nyama zolusa komanso zovuta zachilengedwe, chifukwa chake, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amabereka ana.
Kusunga njoka yakuda yakuda ndikumangidwa
Okonda zokwawa, pamene akuswana njoka yakuda yamiyendo yofiira, isamalireni mosamala kwambiri, podziwa mawonekedwe ake owopsa. Chotsekedwa chokhazikika chasankhidwa kuti chikhale chokhazikika, kutentha kwake kumakhalabe momwemo - 22 mpaka 28 digiri. Pogona, nyumba zamatabwa, miyala yamiyala imayikidwa, makamaka mdera lamthunzi. Tchipisi tating'onoting'ono timathiridwa ngati zinyalala. Terrarium salola mpweya kuti ziume ndi kuthirira utsi katatu pa sabata.
Njoka yakuda yofiira imadyetsedwa ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mbewa, achule. Ndikofunika kutenga chakudya chotsimikizika, popeza thupi la reptile limagwira ndi zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimatha kukhala mthupi la achule omwe amakhala mchigumacho choipitsidwa.
