Khungubwe yotakata-mapiko (Buteo platypterus) ndi ya dongosolo la Falconiformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa khungubwe yotakata-mapiko
Khwangwala wamapiko ataliatali pafupifupi 44 masentimita kukula kwake ndipo ali ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 86 mpaka 100.
Kulemera: 265 - 560 g.
Chinsinsicho chimatchedwa dzina la mapiko ake otambalala, omwe ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu. Chinthu china chodziwikiratu ndi mzere wotalika, woyera womwe umadutsa mchira mpaka theka la msinkhu. Khwangwala wamapiko ataliatali amasiyana ndi ena oimira mtundu wa Buteo mthupi lake laling'ono, mawonekedwe ake ophatikizika komanso mapiko osongoka.
Mbalame zazikulu zimakhala ndi bulauni pamwamba ndi nthenga zochepa pansipa.
Mchirawo ndi bulauni yakuda ndi mikwingwirima yoyera komanso yopapatiza, pafupifupi osawoneka kumapeto kwa mchira. Khungubwe yotakata kwambiri ikakhala, nsonga za mapiko ake sizifika kumapeto kwa mchira. Mtundu wa nthenga za mbalame zazing'ono ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wa nthenga za akhungubwe akuluakulu okhala ndi mapiko akulu, komabe, matupi awo ndi oyera ndi mitsempha yakuda. Mchira ndi bulauni wonyezimira wokhala ndi 4 kapena 5 mikwingwirima yakuda yopingasa. Ma buzzards okhala ndi mapiko ataliwonse amisinkhu iliyonse amakhala ndi zoyera zoyipa panjira yakuda.
Mtundu uwu wa mbalame zodya nyama uli ndi mawonekedwe akuda mdera lakumpoto. Nthenga za anthu otere ndi zofiirira kwathunthu, kuphatikiza pansipa, koma mchira ndi wofanana ndi mphutsi zonse zakuthwa. Mitundu inayi ya mayitanidwe adalemba mbalame. Kulira ndikutchuka kwambiri, komwe kumadziwika kuti kuderali, monga nthawi yachisa, kuti m'malo, nthawi yozizira, mluzu wapamwamba kwambiri womwe umatenga masekondi awiri mpaka anayi 'kiiii-iiii' kapena 'piiowii'. Komabe, amapanganso mawu m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana, monga mikangano kapena maubale.
Malo omwe nkhandwe zimakhala
M'malo awo okhala, akhungubwe okhala ndi mapiko ataliatali amakonda nkhalango zowuma, zosakanizika komanso zokongola, komwe kuli malo obisalirako bwino. M'nyumbayi, amapezeka pafupi ndi malo owoloka, misewu, njira zomwe zimadutsa kapena kumalire ndi madambo kapena madambo. Buzzards zazikulu kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito malo omasuka kuti apeze chakudya. Amapewa kumanga zisa m'nkhalango zowirira ndi mitengo yomwe imakula kwambiri.
Kufalitsa kwa maphungwe otakata
Khwangwala wamapiko ataliatali amapezeka ku America konse. Amagawidwa ku United States komanso kumwera kwenikweni kwa Canada. Ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yophukira, imasamukira kumwera kupita ku Florida, komwe mbalame zambiri zodya nyama zimapezeka pamapiri a Pacific Pacific ku Mexico, kumpoto kwa South America, ku Central America. Khwangwala wamapiko ataliatali amakhala ku Cuba, Puerto Rico. Maanja omwe ali ndi mbalame zazing'ono amapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Makhalidwe a khungubwe yotakata-mapiko
Ma buzzards okhala ndi mapiko ambiri amakhala okha ndipo samadziwika ndi malo awo, kupatula nthawi yosamukira. Malo oberekera mapiko akuthwa otambalala sanafufuzidwe molondola, koma zikuwoneka kuti amuna amapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa akazi. Ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yochepa ya mbalame zodya nyama ku North America yomwe imapanga magulu angapo a mbalame.
Pakusamuka, magulu ena (omwe akatswiri amatcha 'cauldron' kapena 'teapot') amatha kufikira anthu masauzande angapo. Mikwingwirima imeneyi ndi ma plurispécifiques ndipo imatha kukhala ndi mitundu ina ya nyama zolusa.
Monga magulu ena ambiri a buzzards, khungubwe yotambalala ndiwoyendetsa bwino kwambiri.
Imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde opita kumtunda, otenthedwa kuti awuluke, kupeŵa kuwononga mphamvu zowonjezerapo mapiko awo.
M'nyengo yobereketsa, akhungubwe okhala ndi mapiko ataliatali amakhala malo awo okhala ndi chisa ndi mayitanidwe osasinthasintha ochokera kuphiri lalitali. Amagwira ntchito masana kwambiri.
Kuswana kwa mapiko a khungubwe
Mbalame zazikuluzikulu ndi mbalame zokhazokha. Pawiri amapangidwa mchaka, atangofika kumene kumakhazikika, kuyambira pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo. Ndege zowonetsera zimaphatikizaponso maulendo apaulendo wapaulendo wapaulendo komanso zopereka zachikhalidwe, ngakhale kulibe chidziwitso chokhudza chibwenzi cha mbalamezi. Maanja atha kukhala limodzi nyengo yopitilira imodzi.
Nthawi yogona imakhala kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti, koma mbalame zimangokhala ndi kamodzi kokha. Ntchito yomanga zisa imayamba kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. Buzzards achikulire amamanga chisa kuyambira milungu iwiri mpaka inayi. Ili pa mphanda munthambi pafupi ndi thunthu la mtengo wa coniferous. Zidutswa zamatabwa owola, nthambi zatsopano, zometa makungwa zimakhala ngati zomangira. Ankhandwe ena okhala ndi mapiko ataliatali amagwiritsa ntchito zisa zakale za mbalame zina zodya nyama zomwe amatha kuzikonza.
Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira awiri kapena atatu, otsekedwa patatha masiku awiri kapena awiri. Mazirawo amaphimbidwa ndi zoyera kapena zonona kapena chipolopolo chabuluu pang'ono. Mzimayi amakhala masiku 28 mpaka 31. Pakadali pano, wamwamuna amasamalira zakudya za mnzake. Anapiye amawoneka okutidwa ndi kuwala pansi ndi maso otseguka, ndipo sali othandiza ngati mitundu ina ya mbalame zodya nyama.
Mkaziyo samasiya mbewuyo kwa mlungu umodzi ataswa.
Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yodyetsa, yamphongo imabweretsa chakudya ku chisa, chachikazi chimang'amba ndikudyetsa anapiye. Komano, patatha sabata limodzi - iwiri, wachoka kale pachisa kupita kukasaka. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono timachoka pachisa pakatha milungu 5 kapena 6, koma timakhalabe pagawo la makolo kwa nthawi yayitali masabata 4 mpaka 8. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zakubadwa, amayamba kusaka pawokha ndikusiya kudalira mbalame zazikulu.
Pakakhala kusowa kwa chakudya kapena kusokonezedwa pakudya, anapiye otukuka kwambiri amawononga anapiye achichepere. Koma zodabwitsazi ndizosowa kwambiri pakati pa ziphuphu zazikuluzikulu.
Kudyetsa khungubwi wamapiko otakata
Mbalame zamapiko zikuluzikulu zimakhala zolusa nthenga. Zakudya zawo zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi nyengo. Imayang'aniridwa ndi:
- tizilombo,
- amphibiya,
- zokwawa,
- nyama zazing'ono,
- mbalame.
Izi zimatha kupezeka chaka chonse. Komabe, munyengo yachisa, mbalame zazikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimakonda kugwira agologolo, zikopa ndi ma voles. Zowononga nthenga ndizofunika kwambiri: achule, abuluzi ndi mbalame zazing'ono zisafuna. Kunja kwa nyengo yoswana, agulugufe akuluakulu, njoka ndi nkhanu, ndi mbewa zimagwidwa. Mukamadya mbalame, tsukani nyama kuchokera nthenga.
Asanasamuke, akhungubwe okhala ndi mapiko akulu amadyetsa mwachizolowezi, chifukwa samapeza mafuta. Sifunikira mphamvu zambiri paulendo wawo chifukwa ndi ndege zabwino kwambiri ndipo mbalame sizimawononga nthawi yayitali.
