The Lesser Sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis) ndi yamalamulo opangidwa ndi Hawk.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa mpheta yaying'ono
Mpheta yaying'ono imakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 34, ndi mapiko a masentimita 46 mpaka 58. Kulemera kwake kumafika magalamu 92 - 193.
Nyamayi yaying'ono yamphongo yokhala ndi mapiko ataliatali, osongoka, mchira wawufupi kwambiri ndi miyendo yayitali komanso yopapatiza. Maonekedwe ake ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi akabawi ena. Mkaziyo amasiyana ndi wamwamuna mu mtundu wa nthenga, komanso, mbalame wamkazi ndi yayikulu komanso yolemera kuposa mnzake.
Nthenga za mwamuna wachikulire zimakhala zakuda pamwamba pake. Masaya ake ndi otuwa mpaka imvi. Nthenga zina zoyera zimakongoletsa khosi. Mchira ndiimvi ndi mikwingwirima itatu yakuda yopingasa. Pakhosilo pamaoneka loyera ndi mikwingwirima yosamveka bwino yomwe imapanga mzere waukulu. Pansi pake thupi limakhala loyera kwambiri, lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiira kwambiri komanso yolimba. M'dera la anus, nthenga zimakhala zoyera. Mu mbalame zina, chifuwa ndi mbali nthawi zina zimakhala zovutirapo. Mkaziyo ali ndi nthenga za buluu, koma pamwamba amawoneka wakuda. Mikwingwirima imawoneka pakatikati pakhosi, pansipa ndi yakuthwa, yowoneka bwino, yofiirira kwambiri komanso yosasokonekera.
Mpheta zazing'ono zazing'ono zimasiyana ndi mbalame zazikulu zamtundu wa nthenga.
Ali ndi top bulauni yakuda ndi zowoneka zofiira. Masaya awo ndi otuwa kwambiri. Nsidze ndi khosi ndi zoyera. Mchira ndi wofanana ndendende ndi mbalame zazikulu. Zamkati ndizoyera poterera, ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira pachifuwa, ndikusandulika mbali zammbali, ntchafu, ndi mawanga pamimba. Mitundu ya nthenga monga mpheta zazikulu zimakhala zitasungunuka.
Iris mbalame zazikulu zimakhala zofiira lalanje. Sera ndi mawoko ndi achikasu. Kwa achichepere, iris ndi karya, mawoko ndi achikasu achikasu.
Malo okhala mpheta zazing'ono
Mpheta zazing'ono zimagawidwa kumwera kwa taiga komanso madera akumwera. Amapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana kapena zosakanikirana. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina zimawonedwa m'nkhalango zoyera za paini. M'madera onsewa, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Pazilumba za Nansei, timpheta tating'onoting'ono timakhala m'nkhalango zazing'ono, koma ku Japan zimapezeka m'mapaki ndi minda yamatauni, ngakhale mdera la Tokyo. Nthawi yosamukira m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amaima m'minda ndi madera pokonzanso, m'midzi ndi m'malo otseguka, pomwe nkhalango ndi zitsamba zimasandulika minda yampunga kapena madambo. Mpheta zazing'ono sizimakwera kuchokera kunyanja kufika pamtunda wa mamita 1800, nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi pamamita 1000 kupitirira nyanja.
Sparrowhawk imafalikira
Ma Sparrowhawks ocheperako amagawidwa ku East Asia, koma malire amtundu wake sadziwika kwenikweni. Amakhala kumwera kwa Siberia, kufupi ndi Tomsk, kumtunda kwa Ob ndi Altai kumadzulo kwa Oussouriland. Malo okhala kudzera ku Transbaikalia amapitilira chakum'mawa ku Sakhalin ndi zilumba za Kuril. Kulowera kumwera kumaphatikizapo kumpoto kwa Mongolia, Manchuria, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China (Hebei, Heilongjiang), North Korea. Pamphepete mwa gombe, amapezeka pazilumba zonse za Japan komanso pazilumba za Nansei. Little Sparrowhawks yozizira kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa China, makamaka ku Indochina Peninsula, chilumba cha Thai, ndikumwera chakumwera kuzilumba za Sumatra ndi Java. Mitunduyi imapanga tinthu tating'ono ting'ono: A. g. Gularis imagawidwa pamitundu yonse, kupatula Nansei. A. iwasakii amakhala kuzilumba za Nansei, koma makamaka ku Okinawa, Ishikagi, ndi Iriomote.
Makhalidwe a mpheta yaying'ono
Pakati pa nyengo yobereketsa, kambalame kakang'ono ka mlengalenga kamakhala kobisika, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi pa nkhalango, koma nthawi yozizira zimagwiritsa ntchito malo otseguka. Pakusamuka, timpheta tating'onoting'ono timapanga timasamba tating'onoting'ono, pakakhala chaka chonse, timakhala m'modzi kapena tokha. Monga ma accipitridés ambiri, timpheta tating'onoting'ono timawonetsa maulendo awo. Amachita masinthidwe ozungulira okwera mlengalenga kapena kuwuluka mozungulira ngati mawonekedwe. Nthawi zina zimauluka mopepuka kwambiri.
Kuyambira Seputembala, pafupifupi mpheta zazing'ono zonse zimasamukira kumwera. Kubwerera kumalo opangira zisa kumachitika kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi. Amayenda kuchokera ku Sakhalin kudutsa Japan, zilumba za Nansei, Taiwan, Philippines kupita ku Sulawesi ndi Borneo. Njira yachiwiri ikuchokera ku Siberia kudutsa China mpaka Sumatra, Java ndi zilumba za Lesser Sunda.
Kubalana kwa mpheta yaying'ono
Ma Sparrowhawks ocheperako amabereka makamaka kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti.
Komabe, mbalame zazing'ono zikuuluka ku China kumapeto kwa Meyi komanso ku Japan patatha mwezi umodzi. Zowononga nthengazi zimamanga chisa kuchokera munthambi, chokhala ndi makungwa ndi masamba obiriwira. Chisa chimakhala pamtengo mita 10 pamwambapa, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi thunthu lalikulu. Clutch ku Japan ili ndi mazira awiri kapena atatu, ku Siberia 4 kapena 5. Makulitsidwe amatha masiku 25 mpaka 28. Sizikudziwika kuti ndi liti pamene nkhanga zazing'ono zimasiya chisa chawo.
Zakudya za Sparrowhawk
Mpheta zazing'ono zimadya makamaka mbalame zazing'ono, zimadyanso tizilombo ndi nyama zazing'ono. Amakonda kugwira ma friquets, omwe amakhala mumitengo kunja kwa mizinda, komanso amathamangitsa kukwapula, ma titi, zigundane ndi nkhono. Nthawi zina amatenga nyama zazikulu monga ma blue magpies (Cyanopica cyanea) ndi ma bizets njiwa (Columbia livia). Gawo la tizilombo pazakudya limatha kufikira pakati pa 28 ndi 40%. Nyama zazing'ono monga zikopa zimasakidwa ndi mpheta zazing'ono pokhapokha zikachuluka modabwitsa. Mileme ndi zokwawa zimawonjezera chakudya.
Njira zosakira nyama zolusa nthengazi sizinafotokozedwe, koma, zikuwoneka, ndizofanana ndi zomwe achibale aku Europe adachita. Timpheta tating'onoting'ono nthawi zambiri timabisalira ndi kutuluka mosayembekezereka, zomwe zimadabwitsa wovulalayo. Amakonda kuwunika madera awo, akuuluka mozungulira malire ake.
Mkhalidwe wosungira mpheta yaying'ono
Lesser Sparrowhawk amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yosawerengeka ku Siberia ndi Japan, koma ziwerengero zake sizingaganizidwe. Posachedwa, mtundu uwu wa mbalame zodya nyama watchuka kwambiri, ukuwonekera ngakhale kumidzi. Ku China, ndizofala kwambiri kuposa mbalame za Horsfield (zowona za solo solois). Dera logawira kambalame kakang'ono kakang'ono pafupifupi 4 mpaka 6 miliyoni ma kilomita, ndipo chiwerengerocho chili pafupifupi anthu 100,000.
Wamng'ono Sparrowhawk amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zosawopsa kwambiri.
