Neapolitan Mastiff kapena Napoletano Mastino (malembedwe a Neapolitan Mastiff, English Neapolitan Mastiff, Mastino Napoletano waku Italiya) ndi mtundu wakale wa agalu, koyambira kumwera kwa Apennine Peninsula. Amadziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owopsa komanso mawonekedwe oteteza, ndiabwino ngati galu wolondera.
Zolemba
- Amakhala oyenerera kunyumba ndi malo oti aziyang'aniridwa. Amakhala mwakachetechete m'nyumba, koma amafunikira malo.
- Kukhazikika pang'ono, koma chifukwa cha kukula kwa malaya kwambiri. Ndikofunika kupesa nthawi zonse, kuphatikiza chisamaliro cha makola akhungu.
- Amachita mwangwiro pazolinga za alendo osafunikira mwa mawonekedwe awo amodzi. Sachita nkhanza popanda chifukwa, koma mayanjano amafunika pano, kuti mastino amvetsetse zomwe zili zabwinobwino ndi zomwe sizili.
- Anthu aulesi omwe amakonda kudya amatha kunenepa kwambiri akapanda kupsinjika. Kulemera kwambiri kumafupikitsa moyo waufupi kale.
- Neapolitan Mastiff siyikulimbikitsidwa kwa iwo omwe sanakhalepo ndi agalu kale. Amafunikira dzanja lokhazikika komanso kusasinthasintha, omwe amalemekeza mbuye wawo.
- Kwa obera ambiri, khungwa lakuya komanso mawonekedwe owopsa ndikwanira, koma amagwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu popanda vuto lililonse.
- Amakonda anthu ndipo ayenera kukhala m'nyumba, osati pamaketani kapena mnyumba ya ndege.
- Ana agalu akugwira ntchito, koma kuti apewe mavuto ena azaumoyo, zochita ziyenera kukhala zochepa.
- Mastino akhoza kukhala owononga ngati atatopa. Khama nthawi zonse, maphunziro ndi kulumikizana zimapangitsa moyo wawo kukhala wachuma.
- Amagwirizana bwino ndi ana okulirapo, koma aang'ono amatha kugwetsedwa. Kuyanjana ndi ana ndikofunikira ndipo musasiye galu wanzeru kwambiri ali ndi mwana yekha!
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Neapolitan Mastiff ndi wa gulu la Molossian, limodzi lakale kwambiri komanso lofala. Komabe, pali mikangano yambiri yokhudza mbiri komanso gwero la agalu amenewa. Chomwe chimadziwika motsimikizika - Anthu a ku Molosso anafalikira mu Ufumu wonse wa Roma ndi Aroma eni ake komanso mafuko aku Europe omwe adawatenga.
Pali malingaliro ambiri okhudza chiyambi cha molossians, koma atha kugawidwa m'magulu asanu oyambira: ochokera ku Central Asia, Greece, Britain, Middle East komanso agalu a fuko la Alan.
Molossians ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Aroma. Amayang'anira ziweto ndi katundu, anali osaka ndi omenya nkhondo, agalu ankhondo. Adatchulidwa ndi Aristotle ndi Aristophanes, adawopseza mafuko a Franks, Goths ndi Britons.
Ufumu wa Roma utagwa, sizinathe, koma zinakhazikika ku Italy. Munthawi ya Middle Ages ndi Renaissance, anali agalu olondera, otamandidwa chifukwa chachitetezo chawo komanso nkhanza.
Ngakhale anali ndi mbiri yayitali, sanali mtundu wamamvekedwe amawu. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, ma mastiff amayenera kusakanizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakomweko ndipo chifukwa chake, agalu amakono adapezeka.
Ku Italy, mizere ina inali antchito, ena anali alonda. Kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito kunabwera mtundu womwe timawadziwa kuti Cane Corso, kuchokera kwa alonda a Neapolitan Mastiff, ngakhale dzinali lidawonekera m'zaka za zana la 20, ndipo mizereyo imadutsa nthawi zonse.
Wotchuka ndi apamwamba, a Neapolitano Mastino komabe sanali wamba wamba. Kuphatikiza apo chikhumbo chokhala ndi agalu akulu momwe zingathere kunadzetsa kubereka kwambiri.
Sentinel Mastiffs adatumikira apamwamba ku Italy kwazaka zambiri, akuba ndi achifwamba a mikwingwirima yonse sanathe kulimbana ndi zimphona izi. Anali ofatsa ndi anzawo komanso opanda chifundo ndi adani awo. Agalu ochokera kum'mwera kwa dzikolo, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Naples, adayamikiridwa kwambiri. Iwo adanena kuti sanali owopsa komanso opanda mantha, komanso onyansa moipa.
Maonekedwe awo adadabwitsa alendo kotero kuti anali othamanga kutuluka mwanjira yabwino, yathanzi, kuyiwala chilichonse. Kumwera kwa Italy kunakhalabe malo achitetezo, pomwe madera ena mdzikolo anali ndi mayiko komanso mizinda yaulere. Anali olemekezeka omwe amatha kusunga ndikuweta agalu akuluakuluwa, koma koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, kusintha kwachikhalidwe kudachitika.
Akuluakulu afooka kwambiri ndipo, koposa zonse, adasauka. Kusunga agalu otere kunali kovuta kale, koma adakwanitsa kusintha mpaka kuyambika kwa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, ngakhale kuti kunalibe miyezo yazaka, zibonga ndi ziwonetsero.
Lucky Mastino komanso kuti Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse idachitikira kumpoto kwa Italy, pafupifupi osawakhudza. Koma Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse idadutsa dziko lonselo, ikuchepetsa kwambiri agalu ochepa omwe anali kale.
Zochita zankhondo, kuwonongeka, njala sizinapangitse kukula kwa anthu, komabe, Mastino Napoletano adavutika nawo pang'ono, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yaku Europe.
Anali ndi mafani awo omwe sanasiye kuswana ngakhale masiku ankhondo. M'modzi mwa anthuwa anali Dr. Piero Scanziani, yemwe adapanga pulogalamu yoswana, mtundu wa mitundu, ndipo chifukwa cha iye idadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Popeza agalu akhala akugwirizana ndi mzinda wa Naples, adaganiza zotcha mtunduwu Neapolitan Mastiff kapena Napoletano Mastino mchilankhulo chawo.
Mtunduwu udawonetsedwa koyamba kuwonetsero ka agalu mu 1946, ndipo mu 1948 Piero Scanziani adalemba mtundu woyamba wa mtundu. Chaka chotsatira adadziwika ndi Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI).
Mpaka pakati pa zaka za 20th, a Neapolitan Mastiffs adakhalabe achiaborigine pafupifupi osadziwika kunja kwa Italy. Komabe, kuyambira kumapeto kwa ma 1970, anthu pawokha alowa Kum'mawa kwa Europe ndi United States. Obereketsawo adadabwa ndi kukula kwawo, mphamvu zawo komanso mawonekedwe awo apadera.
Komabe, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a galu zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amatha kuyisunga ndipo imakhalabe yosowa. Mu 1996, mtunduwo udadziwika ndi United Kennel Club (UKC), ndi American Kennel Club (AKC) kokha mu 2004.
Ngakhale kutchuka kwake, Napoletano Mastino akadali mtundu wosowa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mu 2010 adakhala pa 113 pa 167, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa agalu omwe adalembetsa ku AKC. Ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati agalu anzawo, komanso amakhala ndi ntchito yolondera.
Makhalidwe awo asintha mzaka zapitazi, komabe ndi agalu abwino kwambiri olondera, omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yamphamvu kwambiri ya mastiff aliwonse.
Kufotokozera za mtunduwo
Neapolitan Mastiff ndi amodzi mwamitundu yosavuta kuzindikira galu. Olima ku Italiya ayesetsa kwambiri kukulitsa mikhalidwe iliyonse, ndikupanga galu wowoneka woyipitsitsa.
Titha kunena kuti adatenga mawonekedwe amastiff onse ndikuwakulitsa kangapo. Mtunduwo umapangidwa kuti uwopsyeze ndipo umachita bwino.
Agalu ndi akulu kwambiri, amuna omwe amafota amafika pa 66-79 cm, ma 60-74 cm, kulemera kwa 50-60 kg.
Ndi umodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri ndipo uyenera kuwoneka wokulirapo mwatsatanetsatane, kuyambira pamutu wake waukulu mpaka mchira. Amawoneka wokulirapo chifukwa cha khola lomwe limaphimba thupi. Chilichonse chofananira ndi Neapolitan Mastiff chimalankhula za mphamvu zake ndi mphamvu zake.
Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakopa owonera ambiri ndi nkhope ya galu. Monga ma mastiff ambiri, Neapolitan ili ndi khola pamphuno ndi pakamwa, koma khalidweli limadziwika kwambiri mwa iwo. Mwinamwake, palibe mtundu wina womwe ungakhale ndi makwinya ambiri pankhope.
Mwa zina, ndizochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti amabisa maso awo. Mtundu wa maso ndi mphuno umalumikizana ndi utoto, koma ndi wakuda kuposa iwo. Mwachikhalidwe makutu adadulidwa, koma ovala ena amawasiya mwachilengedwe.
Chovalacho ndi chachifupi kwambiri komanso chosalala. Mtundu wamtunduwu umafotokoza kuti ndi yunifolomu kapangidwe ndi kutalika mthupi lonse la galu. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa Neapolitan Mastiff ndi wotuwa ndipo agalu ambiri omwe ali mu mphete zowonetsera ndi amtunduwu.
Komabe, amatha kukhala amitundu ina, kuphatikiza: buluu, wakuda, mahogany. Tigrowina ndiwotchuka m'mitundu yonse, mawanga oyera pachifuwa, zala ndi chiuno cham'mimba ndizololedwa.
Khalidwe
Neapolitan Mastiffs akhala agalu olondera komanso oteteza kuyambira ku Roma wakale. N'zovuta kuyembekezera kwa iwo khalidwe la galu woweta. Nthawi zambiri amakhala odekha komanso odzidalira, koma pakagwa zoopsa amatha kukhala mtetezi wopanda mantha m'kuphethira kwa diso.
Amakonda ambuye awo ndipo modabwitsa amakhala ofatsa ndi omwe amawakhulupirira. Ana agalu amakonda kunyengerera komanso kucheza ndi anthu poyamba, koma amakula kukhala agalu otsekedwa kwambiri. Kusadalira alendo sikuti ndiamene amapatsa moni aliyense amene wakumana naye.
Kusagwirizana ndikofunikira kwa Neapolitan Mastiff. Omwe sanakhalepo limodzi amakhala agalu olusa omwe amaluma pafupipafupi kuposa ena.
Ndipo kulimba kwawo ndi kukula kwawo kumapangitsa kuluma kukhala nkhani yayikulu kwambiri. Koma kumbukirani kuti ngakhale mayanjano abwino sangayende bwino kwazaka chikwi.
Ngakhale ma masto ophunzitsidwa bwino adzaukira anthu omwe sawadziwa ngati atalanda gawo lawo eni ake alibe.
Amatha kusungidwa m'mabanja omwe ali ndi ana, komabe, akatswiri ambiri samalimbikitsa kuchita izi. Agalu akuluakuluwa amatha kupweteka mwana ngakhale akusewera. Kuphatikiza apo, masewera aphokoso komanso oyera aana ndiomwe amawakakamira ndipo amatha kuchitapo kanthu moyenera.
Pomaliza, palibe mwana amene angakhale wamphamvu monga mtundu uwu umafunikira. Ngati mukufuna mlonda kapena mlonda, pali mitundu yochepa yomwe ingachite bwino kuposa Mastino. Koma, ngati sunakhale ndi galu kale, ndiye kuti kusankha napoletano kungakhale kulakwitsa. Amafuna dzanja lolimba komanso wokhala ndi zofuna zawo.
Sikoyenera kuwasunga ndi agalu ena. Ambiri a Neapolitan Mastiffs samalekerera agalu amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komanso ena. Ena amagwirizana ndi agalu omwe adakulira nawo, koma ena sangathe kuwapirira.
Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwayanjanitsa ndi agalu akulu, makamaka chifukwa chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi nsanje. Amachita nsanje kwambiri ndipo amawonetsa nsanje yawo kudzera munkhanza. Mikangano iliyonse pakati pa mastiff ndi galu wina imatha mwachisoni. Kupatula apo, palibe mitundu yambiri yomwe ingathe kulimbana nayo.
Amatha kuphunzitsidwa amphaka ndi nyama zina, popeza alibe chidziwitso chakusaka. Komabe, m'pofunika kuti muzizolowere msanga, popeza chibadwa cha alonda chimawakakamiza kuti aziwona nyama za anthu ena ngati zowopseza. Adzatsata alendo m'dera lawo, kumbukirani kuti ngakhale atakonda mphaka woweta, ndiye kuti chikondi ichi sikugwira ntchito kwa oyandikana nawo.
Neapolitan Mastiffs ndi anzeru kwambiri ndipo amamvetsetsa bwino malamulo, amatha kukhala omvera m'manja mwa munthu amene amamulemekeza. Mwini wodekha, wodalirika komanso wodziwa zambiri amakhutira ndi zomwe amaphunzitsazo ndipo zotsatira zake. Galu uyu amachita zinazake osati chifukwa choti adalamulidwa, koma chifukwa amalemekeza eni ake. Ndipo ulemu uwu uyenera kupezedwa.
Amphamvu kwambiri ndipo amatha kuyika munthu m'munsi mwawo pakatundu, ngati ataloledwa. Mwini wake ayenera kumakumbutsa galu nthawi zonse kuti ndi ndani ndipo amuike m'malo mwake. Ngati Neapolitan Mastiff amakhulupirira kuti ndi alpha, adzakhala wofunitsitsa komanso wosalamulirika. The General Obedience Course ndiyofunika kwambiri pamtunduwu.
Ngati sakugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti modekha amakhala odekha komanso omasuka, atagona pakama osaganizira zazowonjezera. Amakonda kusasunthanso, komabe amafunika kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Ngati salandila imodzi, amatha kunyong'onyeka.
Mastiff wotopetsa ndi mastiff wowononga, wankhanza. Koma, zochita ndi zolimbikira ziyenera kukhala zochepa, makamaka ana a Neapolitan Mastiff.
Ana agalu amatha kukhala ndi mavuto m'misempha ngati ali otanganidwa kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kwa agalu akulu, amatsutsana nthawi yomweyo atadyetsa kuti apewe volvulus.
Pali zina zabwino zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe, koma zomwe mwiniwake amayenera kukumana nazo. Choyambirira, zimayamwa mate ndipo kulibe mtundu wina womwe umayenda chimodzimodzi.
Ma ulusi amate omwe amatuluka mkamwa mwa mastino azikhala mnyumba monse. Nthawi zina amapukusa mitu yawo kenako amapezeka pamakoma ndi kudenga.
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka chigaza, amakonda kupangika gasi ndipo ndizosasangalatsa kukhala m'chipinda chimodzi ndi galu wamkulu uyu, yemwe amakhala ndi ziphuphu. Kudya koyenera kumachepetsa, koma sikungathe kuchotseratu.
Ngati kukhetsa ndi gasi kukuwopsyeza inu kapena banja lanu, ndiye kuti mukufunikira kufunafuna mtundu wina.
Chisamaliro
Tsitsi lalifupi ndilosavuta kusamalira, kutsuka nthawi zonse ndikwanira. Ngakhale adakhetsa pang'ono, kukula kwake kumapangitsa ubweya kukhala wofunikira.
Makwinya pakhungu, makamaka pamaso ndi kumutu, amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.
Dothi, mafuta, zinyalala zamadzi ndi chakudya zimatha kuyambitsa ndikupangitsa kutupa. Mukatha kudyetsa, ndibwino kuti muwapukute ndikuwunika ukhondo wawo wonse.
Zaumoyo
Neapolitan Mastiff ali ndi thanzi lofooka ndipo ndi m'modzi mwa agalu osakhalitsa. Kutalika kwake kumakhala zaka 7-9. Adawoloka pakati pawo kwazaka mazana ambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti akhale ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.
Pafupifupi matenda onse omwe agalu akulu amapezeka mu mastinos.
Izi ndi volvulus, mavuto a dongosolo la minofu ndi mafupa, dysplasia. Chofala kwambiri - adenoma ya m'zaka za zana lachitatu, pafupifupi nthumwi iliyonse ya mtunduwu imatha kutengeka.
Nthawi zambiri amachizidwa ndi opaleshoni. Mwambiri ndi mtundu wotsika mtengo kusamalira. Popeza muyenera kudyetsa mochuluka, kuchiritsa, ndipo chithandizocho sichotsika mtengo pachokha, kutengera kukula kwake ndikukwiyitsa kwathunthu.
