Njoka yotchedwa rattlesnake, rattlesnake kapena pit piter ndi banja lalikulu lomwe limaphatikiza mitundu 21 ndi mitundu 224.
Kufotokozera
Mbali yapadera ya rattlesnakes ndi ma dimples awiri, omwe amakhala pakati pa mphuno ndi maso a njoka, yomwe imakhala ngati chithunzi chotentha. Amathandiza njokayo kusaka chifukwa chakusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa chilengedwe ndi thupi la nyamayo. Monga njoka zonse zaululu, njoka yamphongo imakhala ndi zibambo ziwiri zazitali komanso zopanda pake.
Rattlesnake amakula kutalika kuchokera masentimita 60 mpaka 80. Koma mitundu ina imatha kufika mamita atatu ndi theka (bushmaster). Ndipo membala wocheperako wam'banja amangokhala masentimita makumi asanu okha (njoka yoluma). Mtundu wa khungu la njoka umadalira kwambiri mtunduwo, koma mimba ya mitundu yonse ndi yachikasu-beige yokhala ndi mawanga akuda.
Masomphenya ndi kumva mu njoka zam'madzi sizikukula bwino ndipo amangowona patali, koma njokayo imazindikira kusinthasintha kwa mlengalenga ndi padziko lapansi, komanso kusintha kwa kutentha (ngakhale kusiyana kwa madigiri 0.1 kumawonekera kwa iwo).
Mbali yaikulu ya banjali ndi phokoso. Kumapeto kwa mchira (6-8 ma vertebrae) pali mbale zopangidwa ndi keratinized, zomwe zimayikidwa m'modzi. Izi ndizosintha mamba mchira.
Chikhalidwe
Ambiri mwa mabanja amtunduwu amakhala ku America. Pafupifupi mitundu 70 imakhala ku Southeast Asia. Mitundu itatu imakhala m'chigawo cha Russia, makamaka ku Far East. Muthanso kukumana ndi rattlesnake ku India ndi Sri Lanka. Komanso kum'mawa m'maiko monga China, Japan ndi Korea aphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njoka zophika izi.
Zomwe zimadya
Chakudya chachikulu cha rattlesnake chimaphatikizapo nyama zazing'ono zotentha (mbewa, mbalame, makoswe komanso akalulu). Komanso chakudya cha njoka zam'madzi ndi achule, njoka zazing'ono, nsomba ndi tizilombo tina (mbozi ndi cicadas).
Zinyamazi zimapha anthu omwe amazunzidwa ndi poizoni, pomugwirira. Nthawi zambiri amasaka kamodzi pa sabata. Njokayo imadya pafupifupi theka la kulemera kwake panthawi yosaka.
Adani achilengedwe
Monga momwe zilili ndi mitundu yambiri ya zokwawa, anthu amakhala owopsa pa njoka zam'madzi, amapha njoka chifukwa cha mantha kapena chifukwa chosangalala.
Rattlesnakes ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Ichi ndi weasel, ferret ndi marten. Kuyambira mbalame - ziwombankhanga, nkhanga ndi akhwangwala. Poizoni wa njokayo amachita moperewera pazinyama izi. Komanso nsomba zina zikuluzikulu zimakhala zoopsa ku njoka zamchere.
Ma raccoon ndi coyotes amakhalanso owopsa kwa akulu ndi nyama zazing'ono.
Koma mwina mdani wodabwitsa kwambiri ndi nkhumba. Popeza khungu limakhala lolimba komanso mafuta amkati mwake ndi olimba, poyizoni, ngakhale ataluma kwambiri, sakulowa m'magazi, ndipo nkhumba zokha sizikana kudya njokayo. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi (asanalime minda, amadyetsa nkhumba).
Kutentha kotsika ndi kowopsa kwa njoka zazing'ono.
Zosangalatsa
- Mitundu ina ya mamba, atasankha dzenje, amakhala mmenemo zaka zambiri. Nora nthawi zambiri amapita ku mibadwomibadwo kwazaka zambiri.
- Ngakhale amawoneka owopsa, njoka zam'madzi ndizinyama zowopsa. Iwo sadzaukira konse koyamba. Ndipo ngati njoka yayamba kugwedeza mchira wake, sizitanthauza kuti ndiyokonzeka kuponya. Chifukwa chake akusonyeza kusakhutira kwake ndikuchita mantha, kuyesa kuwopseza mlendo yemwe sanaitanidwe.
- Njoka iyi ili ndi imodzi mwa ziphe zoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kupha munthu wamkulu m'mphindi zochepa. Koma kwa njokayo, chiphe sichikuwopseza. Ndipo ngakhale munthawi ya mantha, pamene njokayo imangoponyera mwachisawawa ndikuluma chilichonse chozungulira ndipo makamaka sichimavulaza kwenikweni.
