Kuwunika zachilengedwe kumachitika m'chilengedwe, chomwe chimalola kuwona kusintha kwa zinthu pazochitika zonse zachilengedwe. Deta yonse imasonkhanitsidwa ndi ntchito zapadera kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuwunika kumapangidwa, komwe kuwunikira kwina kumapangidwa.
Mitundu yowunika zachilengedwe
Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku ndi kuchuluka kwake, kuwunika zachilengedwe kumagawika:
- bioecological, yomwe imawunika ukhondo ndi ukhondo;
- zachilengedwe, momwe zimaphunzirira zidziwitso zachuma ndi zachilengedwe;
- biosphere, yomwe chithunzi chonse chimapangidwa pamlingo wapulaneti.
Kuwunika momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera, zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana zimasonkhanitsidwa pamlingo wa kuipitsa mpweya ndi madzi, zisonyezo zanyengo komanso mkhalidwe wopanda moyo. Zambiri zakusintha kwanyengo zikusinthidwanso. Pa mulingo wowunika kwachilengedwe, kuwunika zamoyo ndi momwe zimakhalira pakawonongeka ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe kumachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunika zachilengedwe kumaphatikizanso kusonkhanitsa kwa zomwe zikuchitika komanso thanzi la anthu. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuneneratu za chilengedwe cha dziko lapansi ndikuzindikira zovuta zachilengedwe.
Magawo owunikira Eco
Mwambiri, kusonkhanitsa deta kumachitika m'magulu osiyanasiyana:
- mwatsatanetsatane - maphunziro a malo ang'onoang'ono kapena gawo;
- kwanuko - kumachitika mkati mwa chigawo kapena malo okhala;
- chigawo - chigawo cha zigawo chikuwerengedwa;
- dziko - kuwunika chilengedwe cha dziko linalake kumachitika;
- Padziko lonse lapansi - zomwe zikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi pulogalamu ya UN, kusintha kwamapulaneti kumawerengedwa.
Kufunika kowunika zachilengedwe
Kuwunika zachilengedwe kumachitika mosalekeza ndi ma department apadera. Izi zimathandiza kuti pakhale mwayi wopeza zidziwitso zachilengedwe nthawi ina molondola kwambiri kuti kuyeretsa zachilengedwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zachilengedwe. Zimakupatsaninso mwayi wowunika kufalikira kwa zinthu m'chilengedwe, kudziwa nthawi yowonongeka yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito ina mwa iyo ndikuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa chilengedwe kuthana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.
Chifukwa chake, kuwunika zachilengedwe ndichinthu chofunikira kuwunika momwe dziko lathuli lilili. Ikuthandizani kuti mulembe zosintha munthawi yake pamaziko olosera. Komanso, zimathandizira kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zina mwachilengedwe.
Ndondomeko yowunika zachilengedwe
Dongosolo lakuwunika limamveka ngati gulu lazolinga, njira zamakhalidwe ndi njira zoyendetsera. The zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi:
- zinthu zomwe zili ndi gawo lawo, zomwe zimayang'aniridwa mosamala ndi ntchito;
- zizindikiro zowongolera;
- madera ovomerezeka pakusintha kwa zizindikiro;
- mamba a nthawi.
Pulogalamu iliyonse imakhala ndi mamapu, matebulo owonetsa malo ndi masiku, komanso njira zosankhira, ma chart ndi zina zofunika. Komanso, pulogalamuyi imaphatikizapo njira zowunikira zakutali zomwe zimaloleza kuzindikira zachilengedwe.
