Pa Marichi 21, 2018, chochitika chodabwitsa chidachitika ku Volokolamsk - Ana 57 ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana mzindawu adabwera kuchipatala ali ndi zizindikiro zakupha. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi malipoti a media, anthu amadandaula za:
- kununkhira koopsa kochokera kumtunda wa Yadrovo;
- kusowa kwa chenjezo lakutulutsidwa kwa gasi usiku wa Marichi 21-22 munkhani.
Masiku ano, kunyanyala ndi misonkhano yayikulu ikupitilirabe m'derali ndikufunafuna kutseka malo osungira zinyama osati ku Volokolamsk kokha, komanso madera ena, omwe nzika zawo zikudandaula za chiyembekezo chowopsa cha poyizoni.
Tiyese kumbali ina, zomwe zidachitika, zikuchitika ndipo zingachitike?
Zonyansa zinyalala
Kwa anthu ambiri mumsewu, mawu oti "zinyalala" amagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo otayira zinyalala zazikulu, pomwe milu yazinyalala zonunkha zakhala zikutayidwa ndi magalimoto kwazaka zambiri. Mu encyclopedia, amalemba kuti cholinga chake ndi "kudzipatula ndi kutaya zinyalala zolimba". Ntchito imodzi yayikulu yomwe malowa ayenera kukwaniritsa ndi "kutsimikizira chitetezo cha anthu komanso matenda." Lero, "kusunga" kwa mfundo zonse kukuwonekera.
Mpweya akhala akutayirapo dothi
Kutulutsidwa kwa gasi pakuwonongeka kwa zinyalala zamchere ndichinthu chachilendo, chachilengedwe. Amakhala ndi theka la methane ndi kaboni dayokisaidi. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito methane ndikopitilira 1%.
Kodi izi zimachitika bwanji?
Zinyalala zolimba zamatauni zikaikidwa phulusa, zimadutsa gawo lowonongeka la aerobic, lomwe limatulutsa pang'ono methane. Ndiye, pamene zinyalala zikuchulukirachulukira, kuzungulira kwa anaerobic kumayamba ndipo mabakiteriya omwe amatulutsa mpweya wovulazawu amayamba kuwononga kwambiri zinyalalazo ndikupanga methane. Kuchuluka kwake kukakhala kovuta, kutulutsa kumachitika - kuphulika pang'ono.
Zotsatira za methane ndi kaboni dayokisaidi m'thupi la munthu
Methane m'mayeso ang'onoang'ono alibe fungo ndipo siowopsa ku thanzi la anthu - lembani akatswiri odziwika bwino. Zizindikiro zoyamba za poyizoni ngati chizungulire zimachitika pamene ndende yake imapitilira 25-30% ya voliyumuyo.
Mpweya woipa umapezeka mwachilengedwe mumlengalenga womwe timapuma tsiku lililonse. M'madera akutali ndi mpweya wotulutsa tawuni, mulingo wake ndi 0.035%. Ndikukula kwambiri, anthu amayamba kutopa, amachepetsa chidwi chawo komanso chidwi chawo.
Mulingo wa CO2 ukafika pa 0.1-0.2%, umakhala poizoni kwa anthu.
Mwiniwake, atasanthula zonsezi, funso lidabuka - zaka zingati, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zidatsitsidwa pamalo otayira zinyalala a Yadrovo, ngati kutulutsidwa kwa gasi pamalo otseguka kumayambitsa poyizoni kwa anthu ambiri? Nthawiyi. Chiwerengero cha omwe akhudzidwa, ndikutsimikiza izi, chimaposa kuchuluka kwa anthu 57 omwe atchulidwa munyuzipepala. Otsala, mwachidziwikire, sanayerekeze kupita kuchipatala kukalandira thandizo. Izi ndi ziwiri. Ndipo funso lofunika kwambiri lomwe likubwera ndikuti chifukwa chiyani amafuna kuti atseke dothi ili ndikunyamula zinyalala kupita kwina? Pepani, koma anthu samakhala kumeneko?
Manambala
Ngati mukufuna, tiyeni tiwone izi - m'chigawo cha Moscow pali malo okwanira 44 otsekedwa, otsekedwa komanso obwezeredwa. Dera limasiyana mahekitala 4-5 mpaka 123. Timalingalira tanthauzo la masamu ndikupeza 9.44 km2 yokutidwa ndi zinyalala.
Dera la Moscow ndi 45,900 km2. Mwakutero, palibe malo ochulukirapo omwe amasungidwa kuti athetse zinyalala, ngati simuganizira kuti onsewo ndi awa:
- kutulutsa mpweya woipa;
- kuipitsa madzi apansi;
- chilengedwe chakupha.
Padziko lonse lapansi, mapulogalamu tsopano akupangidwa kuti achepetse mpweya wa CO2 mumlengalenga, kuteteza ndikusunga zachilengedwe zamadzi, zachilengedwe, zomera ndi nyama. Zabwino kwambiri, kachiwiri, zimawoneka bwino pamapepala. Mwachizolowezi, anthu akunyanyala ntchito, ndipo akuluakulu akuyang'ana malo oti apange gasi watsopano wa mpweya wapoizoni, ndikuwonjezera gawo lawo chaka chilichonse. Bwalo loipa?
Tiyeni tiwone vutoli kuchokera mbali inayo. Ngati funso lachitika, tiyeni tithetse. Ngati anthu abwera m'misewu - chifukwa chake tiyeni tikakamize kuti vutoli lichotsedwe, osachisamutsa "mutu wowawa kupita wopatsa thanzi." Chifukwa chiyani ndizosatheka kulemba zikwangwani zokakamiza kuyika malo osungira zinyalala mderali ndikuwongolera kamodzi kuthana ndi vuto la zinyalala zolimba, zotulukapo zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ngati bonasi, kuloleza mpweya kuti ukhale njira yamtendere? Palibe amene adasamalira kuti popereka zomwe atolankhani adatseka malo otayira, sitikuthetsa mavuto azachilengedwe mderali?
Ndikufuna kwambiri kuti aliyense amene akukhudzidwa ndi vutoli - ndipo tonsefe - kuti tiganizire, kusanthula ndi kuyankha patokha mafunso omwe adafunsidwa. Musayembekezere chozizwitsa - sichingachitike. Chitani zodabwitsa nokha - ikani zofunikira ndikuchitapo kanthu moyenera. Mwa njira iyi, kudzera mu mgwirizano, tidzatha (ngakhale zitakhala zowopsa bwanji) kudzisungira tokha, mbadwa ndi chilengedwe.
