Zinthu zachilengedwe za ku Arctic ndizosalimba, koma momwe chilengedwe cha madera a Arctic chimakhudzira nyengo yapadziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chake pakakhala zovuta zilizonse pano, anthu akumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi amatha kuzimva. Mavuto azachilengedwe am'chipululu cha arctic amasiya chilengedwe chonse.
Mavuto akulu
Posachedwa, madera azipululu za arctic akhala akusintha padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha mphamvu ya anthropogenic. Izi zidadzetsa mavuto azachilengedwe ku Arctic:
- Kusungunuka kwa ayezi. Chaka chilichonse kutentha kumakwera, nyengo imasintha ndipo madera a madzi oundana amacheperachepera, chifukwa chake malo achilengedwe a zipululu za Arctic akuchepa, zomwe zitha kuchititsa kuti zitheke, kutha kwa mitundu yambiri ya zinyama ndi zinyama
- Kuwononga mpweya. Mlengalenga mwa Arctic wayipitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa mvula yamchere ndi mabowo a ozoni. Izi zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito yofunikira yazamoyo. Gwero lina lowonongera mpweya m'zipululu za Arctic ndi mayendedwe omwe amagwira ntchito pano, makamaka panthawi yama migodi.
- Kuwononga kwamadzi aku Arctic okhala ndi mafuta, zitsulo zolemera, zinthu zapoizoni, kuwonongeka kwa zida zankhondo zam'mbali mwa nyanja ndi zombo. Zonsezi zimawononga chilengedwe cha zipululu za arctic
- Kutsika kwa nyama ndi mbalame. Kuchepa kwa zachilengedwe kumachitika chifukwa champhamvu zochita za anthu, kutumiza, madzi ndi kuipitsa mpweya
- Kupha nsomba mwakhama komanso kupanga nsomba kumabweretsa chakuti oimira nyama zosiyanasiyana alibe nsomba zokwanira komanso chakudya chochepa, ndipo akumwalira ndi njala. Zimayambitsanso kutha kwa mitundu ina ya nsomba.
- Kusintha kwa malo okhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Maonekedwe a munthu m'zipululu zazikulu za Arctic, kukula kwachangu ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zachilengedwezi kumabweretsa chiwonetsero chakuti zikhalidwe zamitundu yambiri yazinyama zimasintha. Oimira ena amakakamizidwa kuti asinthe malo awo okhala, asankhe malo otetezeka komanso malo ena achilengedwe. Chingwe cha chakudya chimasokonezedwanso
Mndandandawu sukuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zovuta zachilengedwe mdera la Arctic. Awa ndiwo mavuto azachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi, koma palinso ang'onoang'ono, akumaloko, osawopsa pang'ono. Anthu akuyenera kuwongolera zochitika zawo osati kuwononga chilengedwe cha Arctic, koma kuti athandizire kukonzanso. Pamapeto pake, mavuto onse azipululu za Arctic amasokoneza nyengo padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuteteza chilengedwe cha zipululu za arctic
Popeza chilengedwe cha m'zipululu za Arctic chakhudzidwa ndi anthu, chikuyenera kutetezedwa. Pakukonzanso dera la Arctic, chilengedwe cha Padziko Lonse chidzasintha bwino.
Zina mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakusamalira zachilengedwe ndi izi:
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma lapadera logwiritsira ntchito zachilengedwe;
- kuyang'anira momwe chilengedwe chikuwonongera chilengedwe;
- kubwezeretsanso malo;
- kulengedwa kwa nkhokwe zachilengedwe;
- kukonzanso;
- njira zachitetezo;
- kuchuluka kwa nyama ndi mbalame;
- kuwongolera kuwedza kwa mafakitale ndi kupha nyama mozemba panthaka.
Ntchitoyi imachitika osati ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe okha, komanso olamulidwa ndi boma, ndipo mapulogalamu apadera akukonzedwa ndi oyang'anira mayiko osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, pali gulu loyankha mwachangu lomwe limachita pakagwa ngozi zosiyanasiyana, masoka, achilengedwe komanso opangidwa ndi anthu, pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lachilengedwe nthawi.
Yesetsani kuteteza zachilengedwe za ku Arctic
Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndiwofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira zachilengedwe za Arctic. Idakulirakulira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Chifukwa chake mayiko ena ku North America ndi kumpoto kwa Europe adayamba kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuteteza zachilengedwe za Arctic. Mu 1990, International Arctic Science Committee idakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha izi, ndipo mu 1991, Northern Forum. Kuyambira pamenepo, njira zakonzedwa kuti ziteteze dera la Arctic, madera amadzi komanso nthaka.
Kuphatikiza pa mabungwewa, palinso bungwe lazachuma lomwe limapereka ndalama kumayiko aku Eastern ndi Central Europe kuti athane ndi mavuto azachilengedwe. Pali mabungwe akumayiko angapo omwe akuthana ndi vuto linalake:
- kuteteza zimbalangondo;
- kulimbana ndi kuipitsa nyanja ya Chukchi;
- Nyanja ya Bering;
- kasamalidwe kagwiritsidwe kazinthu zachilengedwe ku Arctic.
Popeza madera azipululu za Arctic ndi dera lomwe limakhudza kwambiri nyengo ya Dziko Lapansi, chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti chisunge chilengedwechi. Ndipo sikumangolimbana kokha kuti chiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa nyama, mbalame ndi nsomba. Zovuta zachitetezo cha chilengedwe zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa madera amadzi, mlengalenga, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito chuma, kuwongolera zochitika zamabizinesi ena ndi zinthu zina. Moyo ku Arctic umadalira izi, chifukwa chake, nyengo yapadziko lapansi.
Ndipo pomaliza, tikukupemphani kuti muwonere kanema wophunzitsa za chipululu cha Arctic
