Zowononga Canine ndizogwirizana ndi dzina lodziwika nkhandwe, yemwe chiyambi chake chachilatini chimalumikizidwa ndi tanthauzo lakale lachi Roma loti "nkhandwe yagolide". Mbiri yakale ikuwonetsa kufalikira kwake konse m'maiko a Europe, Asia, Africa. Kuphunzira nyama yoyamwa kumavumbula zizolowezi zosangalatsa za mdani, njira yamoyo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Poyerekeza ndi ena oimira banja la canid, mimbulu ndi nyama zazing'ono, zazing'ono kuposa nkhandwe. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 80-130, mchira ndi 25-30 cm, kutalika kwa chilombocho ndi masentimita 40-45. Unyinji wa nkhandwe wamba ndi 8-12 kg.
Kapangidwe kameneka amafanana ndi nkhandwe yowonda - thupi lolimba lokhala ndi miyendo yopyapyala. Nkhandwe pachithunzichi nthawi zonse ndi mchira wotsamira, womwe kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi. Mchira wakuda ndi waubweyawo umapachikika pafupifupi pansi pomwe.
Mutu woboola pakati. Mphuno ya nyama imaloza. Makutu ali chilili. Kumva nyama kumapangidwa bwino, zimathandiza kuzindikira makoswe ang'onoang'ono muudzu wandiweyani. Mano akuthwa amasinthidwa kuti adzilume pakhungu lakuda. Maso ndi irises bulauni.
Miyendo yayitali, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, pafupifupi kutalika kofanana. Monga oimira ena a canine, nkhandwe - nyama chala chala. Zotupa zam'mbuyo zam'manja zili ndi zala zisanu, miyendo yakumbuyo ili ndi zinayi. Misomali ndi yaifupi.
Tsitsi lanyama ndi lolimba, lolimba. Mtundu umasintha, mosiyana kwambiri kutengera komwe akukhala. Malankhulidwe ofiira achikasu amapambana, amasandulika ofiira. Kumbuyo ndi mbali kuli mdima wakuda, monganso nsonga ya mchira. Kakhosi, mimba, miyendo ya mithunzi yopepuka. Palibe kusiyana kogonana kwamtundu. Ubweya wachilimwe umakhala wofupikitsa komanso wolimba kuposa ubweya wachisanu.
Ankhandwe ndi nyama yolira kwambiri komanso yolira. Nyamayo imalira mofuula koyambirira kwa kusaka, imawoneka ngati kulira kwa mwana mofuula. Nkhandwe ukuwa ndi meseche, ziweto zonse zowazungulira. Kufuula kumamveka poyankha phokoso lalikulu - kulira kwa magalimoto, mabelu akulira.
Mawu a nyama zamtunduwu amamveka paliponse akamayenda. Zimadziwikanso kuti amafuula pakakhala nyengo yozizira, makamaka usiku, nyengo yoipa imachepa. Njira zamakono zofufuzira zimapangitsa kuti zidziwike kuchuluka kwa ziweto zomwe zili pagulu poyimba.
Ankhandwe ndi nyama zokhala pansi zomwe sizimasuntha nyengo. Amatha kuyenda makilomita 50-100 kuchokera komwe amakhala mpaka kukafunafuna malo odyetserako ziweto. Wosunga mbiriyo anali nkhandwe yamphongo yomwe idapita makilomita 1250 kuchokera kubowola lokhalitsa. Nthawi zambiri nyama zolusa zimapezeka m'malo opha ng'ombe zambiri kuti zidyetse zotsalazo.
M'mizinda ndi m'matauni ndi "zinyalala" chirombo. Chikhalidwe cha chakudya chimalumikizidwa ndi mimbulu yomwe imanyamula matenda, tiziromboti, kuphatikizapo chotupitsa chowopsa, chiwewe.
Mimbulu siziopa anthu, imatha kukhala 20-30 mita pafupi. Minda amadwala gulu la nyama zolusa, kumene chirombo amadya zipatso zokoma. Amaluma chilichonse, posankha mavwende ndi mavwende. Chilombocho chimasokoneza ziweto za mbalame zamtengo wapatali, m'minda yosaka - pa nutria, muskrat. Chifukwa cha zomwe zawonongeka, mimbulu yosalolera imawombera kapena kutchera misampha.
Kulimbana ndi nkhandwe sikophweka, ndizovuta kugwira kuposa nkhandwe kapena nkhandwe. Nyama ndi yochenjera kwambiri; ngakhale mlenje waluso sangathe kulimbana nayo nthawi zonse. Sagwera mumsampha wosavuta, amachita zachinyengo, kusiya ochita masewera alibe chilichonse. M'nyengo yozizira, amakonda madera kumene matalala sagwa, kuti asasiye kuda.
Nkhandwe siyoyenera kupanga malonda, zikopazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Chithunzi choyipa cha nyama yomwe ili ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yolakwika idapangidwa pachikhalidwe. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, nkhandwe ndiye kholo la mitundu ina ya agalu, chifukwa imawongoleredwa mwangwiro ndi anthu.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu inayi ya mimbulu, yofanana mofanana, koma yosiyana chibadwa.
Nkhandwe yodziwika (yaku Asia)... Malo - kumpoto kwa Africa, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe, Asia, Middle East. Kugawidwa kwakukulu kwa mitunduyi kumalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro a akatswiri zakupezeka kwa tizilomboti 20, koma ambiri amatsutsa chigamulochi. Mtundu umasinthika mdera lililonse lokhalamo, koma mitundu yake imakhala ndi utoto wakuda ndi wakuda. Nsonga ya mchira nthawi zonse imakhala yakuda.
Nkhandwe yamizeremizere. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha mikwingwirima yoyera pakati pa yakuda yomwe ili m'mbali mwa thupi. Mtundu wonsewo ndi wachikasu-bulauni kapena wotuwa. Kumbuyo kumakhala mdima kuposa mawu akulu. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, ili ndi nsonga yoyera. Amakhala m'masamba a Central Africa, madera ena kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa kontrakitala. Malo omwe mumawakonda ndi nkhalango zowirira. Chilombocho, mosiyana ndi abale ake, chimakonda kudyetsa nyama yamoyo.
Nkhandwe yakuda. Msana ndi mchira wa nyama wokutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda ndi woyera, wofanana ndi bedi laubweya pansi pa chishalo - nsalu yonyamula. Izi zikufotokozera dzina la mitunduyo, mtundu wake wofiira. Nyama imakhala ku Africa kokha. Anthu awiri amtunduwu amakhala kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa kontrakitala, samadutsana.
Nkhandwe yaku Ethiopia... Amakhala m'mapiri aku Ethiopia okha. Dzina lina la nyamayo ndi nkhandwe ya Abyssinia, nkhandwe yaku Ethiopia. Kunja, chilombocho chikuwoneka ngati galu wamiyendo yayitali wokhala ndi mutu wa nkhandwe. Chinyama chosowa kwambiri. Mtundu kumtunda kwa thupi ndi wakuda, mchira, mbali, mapapo ndi ofiira, m'mimba ndi oyera. Nsonga ya mchira ndi yakuda.
Ntchito nyama ndi masana, komanso chinthu chachikulu cha kusaka kwawo - makoswe. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, odyetsa amitala mitala, apo ayi sakanakhala ndi moyo m'malo ochepa. Mtundu wosowa umafunika kutetezedwa ndi kutetezedwa.
Malo apadera amakhala nkhandwe yaku Africa, zomwe, monga zakhazikitsidwa posachedwa, zimafanana ndi mimbulu. Cholakwikacho chidakonzedwa kuti chikonzedwe, kuti chinyamacho chikhale nkhandwe wagolide waku Africa.
Chotsutsana ndi kuwerengera kwa nkhandwe yaku Egypt ku nkhandwe. Kuyambira kale, nyamayo imadziwika kuti ndi yachilendo kukhala pafupi ndi mapanga ndi manda. Chilombocho chimalumikizidwa ndi imfa, moyo pambuyo pake chifukwa chofunitsitsa kukumba manda.
Nkutheka kuti chikhalidwe chokwilira m'manda chidayambika kuti chiteteze akufa ku mimbulu. Nkhandwe yaku Egypt mwamphamvu adalowa nthano za ku Egypt wakale. Chithunzi cha mulungu wolumikizidwa ndi dziko la akufa chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a nkhandwe ndi mchira wopendekeka.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Ku Asia nkhandwe - chilombo zofala kwambiri. Kuchokera pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, kufalikira kwa chirombo kudayamba ku Europe. Kukula kwamtunduwu kunachitikanso m'dera la Russia yamakono - mawonekedwewo adadziwika mdera la Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region, ndi Crimea Peninsula.
Zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya nkhandwe amakonda malo okhala ndi zomera pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, nkhalango zamabango. M'madera amapiri, zimapezeka kumtunda kwa mamita 2500. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mitsinje yamadzi mumitsinje yamabango. Nyama zimazolowera malo osiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti mitunduyo sili pachiwopsezo chotha.
Ming'alu yamiyala, maenje osiyidwa a mbira, nkhandwe, ndi mimbulu zimakhala pobisalira nyama. Zokongoletsera zachilengedwe zimakhalanso ndi nkhandwe ngati zili m'malo osadutsika. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimakumba ziboo zokha.
Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika ndi ana agalu. Komwe kuli zipindazi kumawonetsedwa ndi njira zopita nazo. Mutha kuwona zambiri padziko lapansi pakhomo. M'misasa, nyama zimabisala masana, pakagwa ngozi. Monga mwalamulo, pali ma burrows a anthu ena amuna kapena akazi osiyanasiyana pafupi.
Nthawi zina nkhandwe zimapezeka pafupi ndi midziyo. Nyama zimatha kuyenda usiku m'misewu yaku India, Pakistan, kulowa m'malo am'mapaki, m'minda yamatchire m'mbali mwa njanji.
Akalulu amaonedwa ngati nyama yolusa yomwe kulimba mtima kwake kumaposa nkhandwe. Zotsatira zowonongekazo zimasiya mawonekedwe ake m'mafamu a nkhuku, m'matumba a anthu wamba. Nyama imodzi sichiukira munthu, koma gulu la mimbulu ndi loopsa kwambiri.
Zakudya zabwino
Nyama zili ndi luso lapadera lopeza zakudya. Zakudya za mimbulu zimaphatikizapo nyama, mbalame, zokwawa, zotayira chakudya, chimanga, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba. Monga mitundu ina ya nyama zolusa, nyama sizinyansitsa zakufa, kudalira komwe kumakokomezedwa pakuwunika nyama. Chakudya chonse, sichidutsa 6-10% yazakudya. Nyama zimakopeka ndi malo ophera nyama, malo oikapo ng'ombe, malo otayira zinyalala, malo otayira zinyalala.
Nkhandwe ikhoza kutchedwa wosonkhanitsa okha, komanso mlenje weniweni. Zinyama zazing'ono - makoswe, mbewa - zimakhala nyama yolusa. Ankhandwe amatha kusaka nyama zakutchire, muskrats, nutria, mbira, ndikuukira mbuzi zoweta, nkhosa, ngakhale ana ang'ombe. Mbalame, kuchokera ku mpheta za m'matawuni, nkhuku zoweta mpaka abakha am'madzi, zouma, ndizomwe zimawonedwa ndi chilombo. Mbalame zosamuka m'malo opumira panthawi yosamukira zimavutika kwambiri ndi chilombocho. Mbuluyi imagwira anthu omwe amanyamuka atadumpha kwambiri.
Pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, nyama imapeza nkhono, amphibiya, achule, abuluzi, molluscs, nsomba ndi nyama zam'nyanja, zonyamulidwa ndi madzi kupita kugombe. Mu udzu, nkhandwe imagwira tizilombo, zomwe zimawopsyeza dala. Nthawi zambiri mlenje amamvetsera, amafwenkha, samaphonya kamphindi kakang'ono kozungulira.
Kuchenjera kwa nkhandwe kumaonekera potsatira nyama zazikulu zomwe zimadya nyama zotsalira za nyama yawo. Nthawi zambiri amasaka awiriawiri, m'magulu kuti aziyendetsa anzawo.
Zakudya zambiri ndimadzimadzi. Zipatso zamadzimadzi zimathetsa ludzu la nyama. Ankhandwe amadya hawthorn, dogwood, mphesa, mapeyala, mavwende, tomato. Masika, mababu obzala ndi mizu ya bango amakhala chakudya. Nyama zimakwaniritsa zosowa zawo zakumwa m'madamu osiyanasiyana, ndipo m'malo ouma zimakumba mabowo m'malo owumitsira mitsinje kuti aledzere ndi madzi apansi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Ma nkhandwe okwatirana amakhalabe moyo wawo wonse mpaka mnzake atamwalira. Nthawi ya rutting nthawi zambiri imakhala mu February ndipo imatha pafupifupi mwezi. Amuna posaka awiri amalira mokweza, menyerani akazi. Mabanja omwe apangidwa amapanga dzenje limodzi, akuchita nawo ntchito yolera ana. Kukonzekera kunyumba kumaphatikizapo kupeza dzenje kapena kukumba nokha. Kuya kwa pogona pafupifupi 2 mita. Maphunzirowa amapezeka pangodya, amathera ndi chipinda chodyera.
Kutenga mimba kwa nkhandwe yachikazi yaku Asia kumatenga masiku 63. Mitundu yaku Africa imatenga ana mpaka masiku 70. Ana agalu 2-4 amabadwa. Ana obadwa kumene amawoneka akhungu, amalandiranso masiku 9-17. Ana agalu amayamba kumva m'masabata awiri, ndikuyenda m'mwezi umodzi. Chovala chofewa pang'onopang'ono chimakhala chowala pambuyo pobadwa. Mtundu umasintha kuchokera kuimvi-bulauni mpaka kufiyira-wakuda.
Kudyetsa ana ndi mkaka wa mayi kwa miyezi 1.5-2 kumaphatikizidwa ndi zakudya zowonjezera ndi chakudya cha nyama kuyambira milungu 2-3. Nyama zimabwezeretsanso nyama yomwe idameza, motero zimakhala zosavuta kuti zizipereka chakudya kwa ana awo.
Akazi achichepere amakula msinkhu miyezi 11, amuna - zaka ziwiri, koma ana agalu amakhala ndi makolo awo kwakanthawi mpaka zaka 1.5-2. Nthawi ya mimbulu mwachilengedwe ndi zaka 12-14. Okonda zachilendo amasunga mimbulu mndende, amawatha bwino. Chisamaliro choyenera, zakudya sizimakhudza kwambiri chiwonetsero cha moyo wautali, okalamba amakhala zaka 16-17.
Mbiri ya nkhandwe ndi yakale, koma osamvetsetsa. Kulimbana kuti apulumuke kunakakamiza nyamayo kuti izolowere m'malo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake imakhalabe gawo la zinyama zamasiku ano.
