Malo okhala zimbalangondo - mapiri a Himalaya, adatcha nyamazo dzina, koma lero zafalikira kumadera ena, ndipo sizinapulumuke kumapiri. Chikhalidwe chodabwitsa komanso chodabwitsa cha nyamayi ndikusiyana ndi zimbalangondo zina ndimwezi woyera kapena wachikasu mwezi wokhala pakhosi ndi mdima wonyezimira thupi lonse.
Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuyenera kusungidwa ndikuwonjezeka, koma mavuto ena amabwera chifukwa cha zakudya, kubereka komanso kukhala nyama izi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Chimbalangondo chimakhala kutchire, chovala chake chimakhala cholimba komanso chobiriwira, ndipo nthawi yozizira chimatuluka pansi pa malaya. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo izitha kutentha thupi ndikubisala m khola poyembekezera masika. M'chilimwe, chovalacho chimakhala chowonda, chowala, ndipo malaya amkati amatha pafupifupi kwathunthu.
Kutengera dera lomwe chimbalangondo chimakhala, malaya amatha kusintha utoto - kuchoka pakuda mpaka kufiyira. Chimbalangondo cha Himalaya Imadziwika kwambiri pakati pa nyama zamtundu womwewo kukula kwake kosazolowereka, mawonekedwe amakutu ndi mawonekedwe a chigaza. Makutu a chimbalangondo ndi ozungulira, ndipo mphuno yake ndi yakuthwa komanso yoyenda kwambiri. Nyama sizochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi zimbalangondo zina - kulemera kwamphongo wamwamuna ndi makilogalamu 100 - 120.
Himalayan amakhala nthawi yayitali mumitengo, pomwe amakwera chifukwa cha zikhomo zamphamvu zakumaso zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazikulu komanso zakuthwa. Miyendo yakumbuyo siyigwira ntchito, imangolola chimbalangondo kuti chizikhala pansi, koma sichithandiza kwenikweni kukwera mitengo.
Chimbalangondo chimagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yakutsogolo pokumba nthaka, kuzula makungwa ndi mizu ya zomera.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama akuti mitundu ya chimbalangondo cha Himalayan ndi yotetezeka ndipo imafuna chitetezo. Kusaka ziwalo zaubweya ndi ziweto, komanso kusintha madera achilengedwe, zidapangitsa kuti chiwerengerocho chichepe kwambiri.
Kupsinjika chifukwa chakusintha kwanyengo, kudula mitengo ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakutha kwa mitunduyo, koma usodzi wasiyanso chizindikiro chambiri pamanambala.
Chimbalangondo chimalengezedwa kuti chimasakidwa chifukwa cha zikopa zake, ndulu ndi khungu, zomwe zimakhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri. Zimbalangondo ndi oyang'anira minda awonongedwa, chifukwa chinyama chimazembera m'malo okhalamo ndikuwononga malo alimi.
Zimbalangondo zofiirira za Himalaya ndipo nyama zoyamwitsa zoyera zimatetezedwa ku China, India, komanso pafupifupi konse ku Japan ndi Russia. Ku Russia, kuletsedwa kwa zimbalangondo, ndipo kuphwanya lamuloli kumalangidwa kwambiri.
Baloo yotchuka yochokera ku Mowgli analinso chimbalangondo cha Himalaya
Mawonekedwe a nyama:
- ubweya ndi waufupi komanso wosalala. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, kuwala kumawonekera bwino, chovalacho chikuwala. Mtundu wofiira kapena wabulauni sikupezeka m'mitundu iyi;
- makutu amatuluka mosiyanasiyana, ndipo amafanana ndi belu loboola;
- pansi pa khosi, ubweya wofiira udayera kapena wachikaso;
- mchira uli wamtali - pafupifupi masentimita 11.
Chimbalangondo cha Himalaya pachithunzichi Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi utoto wakuda komanso dzenje pakhosi, koma nthumwi zosiyanasiyana za mitunduyo zimatha kusiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe akunja.
Amasiyana ndi kubadwa kwake kapangidwe ka crane. Mafupawo amapindidwa kotero kuti chigaza chimayenda bwino, nsagwada zakumunsi ndizokwanira. Chikhalidwe china ndikutulutsa nkhope, komwe kungafanane ndi munthu. Nyama izi zimawonetsa momwe akumvera: suntha mphuno zawo ndi makutu awo.
Chimbalangondo cha Himalaya chimakhala ndi nkhope yosangalatsa
Mitundu
Chifukwa chosintha zachilengedwe ndi kusaka, chimbalangondo chakuda cha himalayan amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Mitundu imeneyi ndi mitundu ina iyenera kutetezedwa. Mtundu wa chimbalangondo cha mtundu womwewo umatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera komwe kumakhala, koma pali mitundu ingapo yazinyama ku zoology.
Kumtunda:
- wotsalira;
- thibetanus;
- kutuloji.
Chilumba:
- mupinensis;
- mawonekedwe;
- gedrosianus;
- alireza.
Muthanso kusiyanitsa mtundu wina wa Bear-Sloth, womwe umatchulidwa choncho chifukwa cha milomo ya nyama. Kuchuluka kwa shaggy, kukula pang'ono ndi mikhalidwe yomwe Sloth zimbalangondo zimasiyana ndi zimbalangondo zina. Chovalacho "sichimayikidwa" bwino, ndiye kuti kunyezimira kwatayika. Zimbalangondo zotchedwa sloth zimapezeka ku Russia, ku ukaidi, komanso mwachilengedwe ku India, Ceylon. Zimbalangondo zimachepetsa zakudya zawo ndi nyerere ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Zimbalangondo za Himalaya sizimdima zonse. Ubweya wonyezimira wonyezimira umatha kukhala ndi mthunzi wosiyana - wodetsedwa - wofiira kapena wabulauni - wofiira, wabulauni. Koma aliyense ali ndi malo ofiira achikaso kapena oyera pachifuwa pake, zomwe zikuwonetsanso kugawa nyama osati mitundu yokha, komanso subspecies ndi malo.
Mitundu ya gedrosianus ili ndi malo apadera. Amakhala m'nkhalango zowuma, zomwe zimamusiyanitsa kwambiri ndi chimbalangondo cha Himalayan kapena Ussuri. Kukula kwa nyamayi ndikuchepa kwambiri, ndipo chovalacho chimakhala ndi bulauni wonyezimira kapena mtundu wofiyira.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Himalaya chimbalangondo kumtunda imakhazikika m'malo okhala ndi zomera zambiri, ndipo samakhala m'mapiri kawirikawiri, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Masana, nyamazi zimakhala zotanganidwa kwambiri komanso zimatanganidwa kufunafuna chakudya ndi malo abwino okhala, koma usiku zimatha kulowa m'malo okhala anthu ambiri, obisalako adani.
Ku Russia Chimbalangondo cha Himalaya chimakhala ku Far East kokha, ndipo anthu ochepa apulumuka m'chilengedwe. Malo ena okhala chimbalangondo: phiri la Himalaya ndi malo ozungulira mapiri - nthawi yotentha nyama zimakwera pamwamba, koma nthawi yozizira zimatsikira ndikukonzekeretsa mapanga. Amakhalanso kuzilumba zaku Japan - Shikoku ndi Honshu komanso ku Korea.
Himalayan amatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma madera am'chipululu ndiye malo abwino kwambiri kwa iwo, monga nkhalango zobzalidwa kwambiri. M'dera la Russia, zimbalangondo zokhala ndi mawere oyera sizipezeka. M'mbuyomu, amakhala m'zigwa za Primorsky Territory, koma lero nyama zotsalira zimasunthira kubeseni la Mtsinje wa Koppi ndi ku Sikhote - Alin Mountains.
Amakonzeranso mapanga, pomwe amapuma ndi kugona kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi. Maenjewo amakonzedwa mosamala kuti awatenthe komanso azikhala omasuka. Zimbalangondo za Himalaya zimasankha malo abwino - mkati mwa mabowo, mapanga kapena mitengo yopanda pake. Ngati chimbalangondo chimakhala m'mapiri, ndiye kuti malo owunikira kwambiri komanso otenthedwa amasankhidwa pakhomopo.
Kuti mupumule, chimbalangondo cha Himalaya chimasankha malo otseguka dzuwa
Zimbalangondo zili ndi adani ochepa. Kambuku kapena paketi ya mimbulu yokha, yomwe ma Himalaya amabisala mwachangu, ndi yomwe imatha kuvulaza nyama yayikulu chonchi. Amabweretsa zowawa ku zimbalangondo ndi udzudzu, mawere.
Ngakhale munthu si mdani, akakumana ndi chimbalangondo, sayenera kuyesa kukikwapula. Chilombocho chimatha kuchitapo kanthu mwamantha kapena kuchita mantha ndikuthawira kumtengowo. Koma ngakhale Himalayan akadakhalabe wokoma mtima, munthu sayenera kukumana naye, chifukwa nthawi iliyonse chimbalangondo chimatha kukhala chowopsa ndipo amathamangira kuteteza gawo lake, kuwonetsa zizolowezi zonse za nyama yakutchire.
Nokha, ma Himalaya samayendayenda m'nkhalango ndi zigwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri anthu amakumana ndi banja lonse la zimbalangondo. Ngakhale nyama imodzi itasunthira patali ndi abale ake, ndizotheka kuti banja lake lili pafupi. Ana amphongo amakula ndi makolo awo mpaka zaka zitatu.
Pofuna kupumula kapena kudziteteza kwa adani, zimbalangondo zimakhala panthambi zazikulu, zikumamatira ku khunguyo. Mwambiri, zimbalangondo izi zimakhala pafupifupi 15% ya moyo wawo mumitengo. Mosiyana ndi obadwa nawo, zimbalangondo za Himalayan sizimabisala nthawi yozizira, koma zimatha kuchepetsa moyo wawo ndikukhala ndi nthawi yambiri yopuma.
Zakudya zabwino
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yayikulu yodya nyama monga panda kapena American wakuda, chimbalangondo chachikulu cha himalayan amatha kupeza chakudya choyenera kwa iye pafupifupi nthawi zonse, popeza samangodya chakudya cha nyama chokha.
Komabe, kuti apeze kalori wofunikira ndikudzaza, amafunikirabe kupeza chakudya china - chinyama kapena masamba. Chimbalangondo cha Himalaya ndi chodabwitsa.
Chimbalangondo chimatha kudya nyama komanso chomera.
Chimbalangondo chimatha kusaka ng'ombe ndi nyama zazing'ono, kutola zovunda. Amakulitsa zakudya zake, kutola zipatso ndi zipatso m'nyengo yotentha. Ngati nyengo yozizira ibwera, chimbalangondo chimabisala m dzenje, koma chisanachitike chimafunika kukonzanso zakudya zake.
Kuti achite izi, amatha kugwira nsomba, kutola zinyalala pansi ndikupeza zipatso zotsalira tchire. Amapezanso mitundu ina ya mtedza - mtedza ndi tizilombo m'mapanga a mitengo.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama amati chimbalangondo cha Himalayan chimakhala m'gulu la olusa, potengera kuti chakudya cha nyama chimapezekabe pachakudya chake. Chimbalangondo chimayesetsa kupeza chakudya chochuluka momwe zingathere pafupi ndi nthawi yozizira kuti ipeze mafuta komanso kuti izitha kupirira kuzizira.
Himalayan amadya mosiyanasiyana, amatha kudya:
- zovunda;
- mazira a nkhuku;
- maluwa;
- tizilombo timabisala m'mitengo ndi pazomera zotsalira.
M'nyengo yotentha, kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni, zimbalangondo zimadyanso zobiriwira, kuphatikizapo zipatso. Komanso, pachilimwe cha chilimwe, zimbalangondo zimayesetsa kukwera pamwamba momwe zingathere - pamitengo kuti mupeze mphesa, ma cones ndi chitumbuwa cha mbalame.
Ngati zonsezi kulibe, amapeza nsomba zakufa panthawi yomwe zimaswana. Koma nsomba siyofunikira kwambiri ku Himalayan, samayamba kusaka, chifukwa nthawi zonse amapeza chakudya chanyama kapena chinyama.
Pakakhala kuti palibe chakudya chokwanira, chimbalangondo chimatha kupha osatulutsa nyama, ng'ombe. Chimbalangondo chokhala ndi mawere oyera chimasaka, kugwiritsa ntchito luso lake ndikuthyola khosi la nyama yake msanga. Ziweto zazikulu zitha kugawidwa pakati pa mamembala a chimbalangondo, koma nthawi zambiri achikulire amadzipezera okha chakudya.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Himalaya chimbalangondo m'buku lofiira Russia idalembedwa kalekale, ndipo akatswiri akuyesetsa kuti awonjezere anthu. Chimbalangondo cha bere loyera chimayamba kuswana m'nyengo yotentha. Zonsezi, amayi amatha kubereka mwana mmodzi kapena awiri.
Iliyonse imalemera magalamu 400. Amphaka amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo amakhala opanda chochita kwa nthawi yayitali. M'mwezi umodzi sangathe kukhala opanda makolo awo.
Zimbalangondo zomwe zimakhala mdera la Sikhote-Alin zimayamba kuberekana pang'ono, kuyambira pakati pa Juni mpaka Ogasiti. Ana amabadwa mu Januware, m dzenje. Mkazi atakhala ndi pakati, amasuntha pang'ono.
Pofika Okutobala, kuchuluka kwa chiberekero kumatha kufikira masentimita 22, ndipo pofika Disembala mazirawo amayamba kukula mwachangu. Kubwezeretsa pakati pa kubala koyamba ndi kwachiwiri kwa chimbalangondo kumatenga zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Pafupifupi 14% ya zimbalangondo zonse za Himalaya ndi akazi apakati. Nthawi yonse yobereka imakhala mpaka masiku 240. Njira yoberekera imatha kuyambira pakati pa Januware ndi Marichi.
Anawo atabadwa, amayi awo amayamba kutuluka m'dzenjemo, koma panthawiyi amakhala aukali kwambiri komanso amateteza ana awo. Ngati pali mdani pafupi, chimbalangondo chimayendetsa ana ake pamtengo ndipo chimasokoneza chidwi chawo. Kukula msinkhu kwa zimbalangondo kumachitika zaka zitatu zokha atabadwa.
Anawo amakhala otakataka tsiku lachitatu, amatsegula maso awo, ndikuyamba kuyenda tsiku lachinayi. Pafupifupi 1 mpaka 4 ana anawonedwa zinyalala. Pofika Meyi, amatha kulemera makilogalamu 2.5, ndipo kudziyimira pawokha kumachitika pokhapokha ali ndi zaka 2-3. Mpaka nthawi ino, zimbalangondo zili pafupi ndi makolo awo.
Ana a chimbalangondo cha Himalaya amakhala otakataka kwambiri
Mwa mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo ya zimbalangondo, ya Himalayan pafupifupi siyodziwika. Kusiyana komwe kumawonekera kumakhudzana ndi moyo komanso zakudya. Chimbalangondo cha Himalayan chimabisala pangozi mumitengo ndipo sichidyetsa zinyama zokha, komanso zakudya zazomera, ngakhale zili zolusa.
Chiwerengero cha zimbalangondo za Himalayan chikuyenera kubwezeretsedwanso, chifukwa njira yoswana mwa nyama izi imachedwa - mkazi amabereka kamodzi kokha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse, ndipo mwana wamwamuna mmodzi yekha amabadwa. Nyama izi zimafunikira chitetezo ndi chitetezo ku chiwonongeko cha alenje ndi kupanga zinthu zoyenera kwa iwo - kuteteza nkhalango.
