Kusinthidwa. Red Book of Animals ku Russia sinasinthidwe kuyambira pomwe linakhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti, kuyambira 1997. Mu 2016, vutoli lidasokonekera. Mtundu wosinthidwa udaperekedwa mu Novembala. Mndandanda wa nyama zotetezedwa wasintha ndi 30%.
Unduna wa Zachilengedwe mdzikolo ndiye woyamba kufotokozera izi. Kenako, nkhaniyi inafalikira ndi Izvestia. Bukuli lidasindikiza kuti saiga, Himalayan chimbalangondo ndi mphalapala adachotsedwa mu Red Book of Russia. Sanapereke mwatsatanetsatane za mbalame. Koma, mtundu watsopanowu uli kale m'mashelufu ogulitsa. Yakwana nthawi kuti musinthenso zomwe zili pa intaneti.
Bukhu Lofiira la Russia
Mu 2016, Boma la dzikolo lidalengeza kuti lamulo la State Committee la Federation for Environmental Protection ndi lovomerezeka pa Okutobala 3, 1997. M'malo mwake, njira yatsopano yosunga Red Book idavomerezedwa. Zatengera gawo lachitatu la lamulo la Boma la 1219 la Novembala 11, 2015.
M'kope latsopanoli, lomwe limaphatikizapo nyama zopanda mafupa ndi zamoyo zopanda mafupa monga muyezo, zosinthazi zidakhudza koyambirira. Izi ndi molluscs ndi tizilombo. Mwa zinyama, mndandanda wa zokwawa zakula kwambiri.
Awonjezera zokwawa 17. Zinali pamndandanda wa 21. Mndandanda wa mbalame zomwe zimatetezedwa wakula kupitirira gawo limodzi mwamagawo atatu. M'buku lakale la Red Book, panali 76 za izo. Tsopano zilipo 126. Zonse pamodzi, mitundu 760 ya mbalame imakhala m'malo obisika, ndipo pali pafupifupi 9000 za padziko lapansi.
M'mbuyomu ya Red Book of Russia, masambawo adagawika malinga ndi miyambo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu yofiira ndi yomwe ili pangozi, ndipo yakuda yatha kale. Utoto wachikaso m'bukuli umawonetsa nyama zosatetezeka komanso zosowa, pomwe utoto woyera umawonetsa osaphunzira bwino. Imakhalabe yobiriwira. Amasankha mitundu yomwe imatha kubwezeretsanso.
Buku latsopanoli limasunga momwe limapangidwira, koma "makhadi" amasinthidwa. "Oseketsa" atsopano adawoneka, ndipo mbalame zina zidataya "korona" wawo wa Buku Lofiira. Tiyeni tiwone mndandanda womwe wasinthidwa.
Mbalame za Red Book of Russia
Dikusha
Dzina lake silimalumikizidwa ndi mantha a aliyense ndi chilichonse, koma ndi chinyengo chamtchire. Chidwi cha mbalameyi ndi mkhalidwe wawo wabwino "imachikankhira" m'malupu omwe asakawo adayika. Chotsalira ndicho kumangirira chingwe pakhosi lanthenga.
Alenje sagwiritsa ntchito mfuti popita ku grouse. Mbalame yomweyi imapita m'manja. Izi, makamaka, zimakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa anthu. Nthenga kuchokera ku dongosolo la nkhuku ndizokoma komanso zimakhala ndi mnofu. Kukula kwa Red Book kumakhala pakati pa hazel grouse ndi grouse yakuda. Kunja, Siberia Grouse ili ngati yotsirizira.
Chimandarini bakha
Bakha ameneyu, mosiyana ndi ena, amakhala m'mitengo. Nthawi zina, bakha la Chimandarini limakhazikika m'mapanga, ma 5-6 mita kuchokera pansi. Anapiyewo amagwera pansi potambasula ulusiwo pamapazi awo. "Mitolo" iyi imagwira ntchito ngati zopalasa m'madzi, komanso mlengalenga - chowonjezera chowonjezera pamlengalenga.
Dzinalo lokha la Mandarin bakha limakhala chifukwa cha kukongola kwa ma drakes. Ngati abakha amakhala otuwa, ndiye kuti amuna amtunduwo ndi nkhanga pakati pa mbalame zam'madzi. Pa thupi la ma drakes, zofiirira, lalanje, zobiriwira, zofiira, zachikasu, zoyera, mitundu ya buluu zimaphatikizidwa. Komanso, nyama ndi zosaposa 700 magalamu.
Steppe kestrel
Imasaka yopanda kanthu. Dzina la mitunduyo limalumikizidwa ndi chiphunzitsochi. Kestrel ndi wa mphamba, koma amasaka ndege, ndi Red Book - pansi. Mphaka sangathe kukwera kupitirira mita 20 mlengalenga.
Nthawi zambiri, mbalameyi imawuluka mita 5-10 kuchokera pamwamba. Chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimauluka, mbalameyi imakonda kusayang'ana nyama kuchokera kumwamba, koma imabisalira ndikudikirira omwe akuthamanga.
Mu Julayi chaka chino, mbalame imodzi mu Red Book idapulumutsidwa ndi anthu okhala mdera la Volgograd. Anaona mbalame ikumira m'nyanjamo. Mnyamata wamwamuna, pafupifupi mwana wankhuku, anali pamavuto. Chilimwe m'derali chidawuma ndipo ngakhale mbalame zosakhala zamadzi zinafika kumadziwe.
Mbalame ya Jankowski
Buntunt amakhala awiriawiri komanso chisa muudzu. Amawotcha chaka chilichonse. Mbalame sizingathe kukhala m'malo omwe amafunsira zisa. Palibe mazira - palibe ana. Chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa ma buntings ndikutsika mpaka pa Red Book.
Oatmeal ndi kambalame kakang'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi lanyama, kuphatikiza mchira, ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15. Mutha kukumana ndi mbalameyi kumadera akumwera kwa Russia Far East.
Jack mbalame
Jack ndi dzina lomwe limaperekedwa kwa wokongola wokongola. Mitundu ya thupi la mbalameyi ndi yochenjera, koma imagawidwa bwino. Pamwamba pa bere loyera pali chipewa cha beige chokhala ndi mtundu wakuda wakasesedwa. Mikwingwirima yakuda imatsika mozungulira pansi pakhosi loyera la Jack. Mutu wa mbalameyi ndi korona wonyezimira, ukugwa mmbuyo bwinobwino. Amapangidwa ndi nthenga zodulidwa za mitundu yoyera ndi yakuda.
Jack amapezeka m'zipululu zadothi, zamiyala ndi zamchere kumwera kwa Russia. Thupi laling'ono lokhala ndi miyendo yayitali ndi khosi lolumikizidwa limatulutsa mayanjano ndi magirane. Kwa mbalame monga iwo, mbalame zokongola ndi zawo.
Mbalame ya Avdotka
Atha kukhala ofanana ndi jackbird. Oyang'anira mbalame amagawika. Ena amaganiza za avdotka kwa ma bustards, pomwe ena amawona mbalame zam'madzi. Mosiyana ndi Siberia Grouse, Avdotka imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusamala kwake.
Kuwona Red Book ndi mwayi. Chifukwa chake, zambiri za avdotka ndizochepa. Zimadziwika kuti nyama imadyetsa tizilombo ndi mphutsi, imakhala usiku, komanso zisa pansi, pakati paudzu ndi tchire.
Mbalame ya Bustard
Ku Russia, ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri yothamanga kwambiri. Mabasiketi ambiri ali mdera la Saratov. Mbalame za Red Book zakhala chizindikiro cha dera. Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Region ndiye wankhondo wamkulu wobwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa mbalame.
Amasamukira kudziko lina, nthawi yachisanu amapita ku Africa, komwe amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha chonde. Komabe, zomangira za bustard ndizochepa. Mazira 2-3 amaikidwa mu chisa. Amayi amawasakaniza. Samasiya zowalamulira masiku 30, owonda komanso osagonjera zoopsa.
Pofuna kuti asataye mazira, ma bustards amaponderezedwa pansi. Mtundu wa nthenga umakupatsani mwayi wophatikizana ndi chilengedwe. Ngati sichingathandize, mbalame imafa, koma siyisiya zowalamulira. Abambo, mbali inayi, amukana atangokwatirana, ndikupita ndi abambo ena opita kumalo osungunuka.
Mtsinje wakuda wakuda
Mbalame paunyamata si yosiyana kwambiri ndi mphalapala wofiyira wofiira. Ana a mitundu iwiri ali ndi mtundu wofanana. Akuluakulu ayamba kale kuda. Yuntsov amaperekanso mlomo. Mu khosi lofiira ndi "snub-nosed", ndipo pakhosi lakuda ndilowongoka.
Ng'ombe zakuda zapakhosi zimakhazikika m'nkhalango zazikulu m'nkhalango. Kalelo, Buku Lofiira lidagawidwa mdera la Leningrad. Tsopano, kuli mbalame zochepa chabe zakuda pakhosi. Amasinthidwa mofananira ndikusambira ndikuuluka, zolemera pafupifupi 3 kilos, ndikufika mainchesi 75 m'litali.
Wopanga Caspian
Akhazikika m'zipululu zouma zadongo. Pali anthu otere kumwera kwa dzikolo. Zomwe zimayambira kuuma ndi kutentha sizofanana ndi mbalame zam'madzi, zomwe zimayambira. Nthawi zambiri, oimira gulu amakhala m'madambo. Komanso, mitundu ya Caspian ndi yayikulupo kuposa ambiri otola mchenga, mpaka kutalika masentimita 20.
Dzina lachiwiri la Caspian plover ndi Khrustan. Oimira mitunduyo amapanga awiriawiri ndipo samapatukana, kusamalira anawo. Komabe, mosiyana ndi zotsekemera, nkhuku zimauluka mosavuta kuchokera pa ndalamazo kupita pa kabowo, kukafunafuna chakudya.
Zingawoneke ngati mwano. Komabe, kuchepa kwa thupi kwa Red Book sikukumulola kuti awotche mafuta kwama sabata. Mbalame idzafa basi. Ma bustards akulu amakhala ndi malo ambiri osungira tsiku lamvula.
Albatross yoyera yoyera
Mitundu yam'mbali yoyera ndi albatross yayikulu kwambiri kumpoto chakumadzulo. Mapiko a mbalame zam nthenga nthawi zambiri amapitilira masentimita 220. Buku Lofiira limakhala m'malo am'madzi. Kuwona mbalame ndi mwayi.
Kubwerera ku 1949, zamoyozi zidanenedwa kuti zatha. Pambuyo pake, uthengawu udakanidwa, komabe, sizinatheke kuti abwezeretse anthu mpaka lero. Mu 1951 akatswiri odziwa za mbalame anapeza mbalame 20 zomwe zidatsalira pachilumba cha Torishima. Tsopano pali zimphona 300 za albatross.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zakutha kwa mitunduyo. Zimphona zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zifike msinkhu. Ndi ochepa okha amene amakhala ndi moyo kufikira msinkhu wobereka, popeza anapiye amadya ndi makoswe ndi nyama zina zolusa. Ozunza nyama nawonso amakhala tcheru. Mbalame yotchedwa albatross yoyera ndi nkhokwe ya nyama yokoma komanso yopatsa thanzi.
Vuto lina la ziphalaphala zazikulu ndi mapiri. Mbalame zimakhala m'malo mwa ntchito zawo, kukhala pafupi ndi kutentha. Komabe, pamene chiphalaphala ndi mpweya wa incandescent ukuyamba kutuluka m'matumbo a dziko lapansi, a Red Books agwera pansi pa "kuwomba".
Chiwombankhanga cha pinki
Poyamba ndi yoyera. Nthenga za mbalamezi zimapeza utoto wa pinki zaka zitatu zitabadwa. Sikuti aliyense ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka zothimbirira. Dziko lanyanja ndilovuta, ngakhale lili ndi dzina "lachikazi" la mitunduyo.
Ngati anapiye angapo abadwa, olimba kwambiri, monga lamulo, amatenga chakudya kwa ofooka. Omwe amafooka kwambiri ndikuponyedwa kunja kwa chisa. Apa ndi pamene mbalame zimafa. Kupatula ndi zinyalala zobadwira kumalo osungira nyama.
Ku Moscow, mwachitsanzo, mwana wamatemba wamphanvu waswedwa ndi mkazi. Khungu ili ndi wachibale wa Buku Lofiira. Mwa munthu wometa tsitsi, mazira omwe anali atayikidwa anali opanda kanthu, ndipo mu pinki, ana amatuluka kuchokera onse atatu.
M'modzi mwa anawo adalandira mphamvu. Wachiwiri adatha kuteteza chidutswa chake. Mwana wankhuku wachitatu anamwalira. Kenako ogwira ntchito ku zoo adapatsa mwanayo kwa amayi olephera a nkhwazi yopindika.
Mpikisano pakati pa mbalamezi, kuphatikizapo kupha nyama, komanso kuchepetsa malo awo achilengedwe, ndi zinthu zomwe "zidabweretsa" mbalameyo mu Red Book of Russia. Komabe, kunja kwa dzikolo, zamoyozi zikuwopsezanso kuti zitha.
Mbalame yotchedwa crestor cormorant
Cormorant uyu ndi wakuda komanso wamutu wopindika, amakhala ku Black Sea. Mdima wakuda umakhala pachiwopsezo chotayika. Pali Russia pafupifupi pawiri awiriawiri. Mutha kukumana ndi Red Book, mwachitsanzo, pa thanthwe la Parus ku Krasnodar Territory.
Kusaka nthumwi za mitunduyo kudaletsedwa kuyambira 1979. Koma akupitilizabe kusaka ndi crested. Mphete yokhala ndi chingwe chachitali imamangiriridwa ku khosi la mbalamezo. Yomweyo nthengayo imagwira nsomba, koma imalephera kuyimeza, ndikupita nayo kwa mwiniwake. M'masiku akale, a ku Japan anali kufunafuna chakudya. Pa Nyanja Yakuda, kusaka ndi cormorants ndizosangalatsa kwa alendo.
Mbalame zofiira
Mbalameyi ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri osati ku Russia kokha, komanso padziko lapansi. Buku Lofiira limakonda madambo, nyanja ndi madambo. Kumeneko mbalameyi imasaka nyama zopanda msana ndi tinsomba tating'onoting'ono. Ku Russia, mutha kulingalira zosaka pafupi ndi Amur nthawi yotentha. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akupitilira kunja kwa dziko lino.
Kuchepa kwa ma ibises mwina chifukwa chosowa kwa nyumba zawo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu aku China adasowa chifukwa chodula mitengo ikuluikulu yomwe ibise idakhazikika. Anthu ofiira ofiira savomereza kusintha "nyumba" zawo.
Ndiponso, mbalamezo zinawomberedwa. Ambiri mwa ma ibise amakhala ku Japan, komwe kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 adapereka zilolezo zakusaka, "kuyambitsa" kuwononga kwakukulu kwa mbalame zamiyendo yofiira. Tsopano palibe opitilira 250 padziko lonse lapansi.
Zambiri pamsonkhano wa Red Book mzaka zaposachedwa zilibe chitsimikizo chodalirika. Nthawi yomaliza kujambula mbalame ku Russia inali m'ma 80s. Koma, zambiri zosadziwika za misonkhano ndi ibis zimapereka chifukwa choti azisiye mu Red Book la dzikolo.
Mbalame ya Spoonbill
Zitsulo zopangira shuga m'malo mwa mulomo. Ngati sichoncho kwa omaliza, supuni yam'madzi ikadakhala ngati dokowe. M'malo mwake, Red Book ndi la dongosolo la adokowe. Mlomo wa nyamayo umakulitsidwa ndikuthyoka kumapeto. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandiza kugwira nsomba zazing'ono ndi mbozi kuchokera m'madzi.
Spoonbill, titero kunena kwake, imameta madzi ndi mlomo wake, pang'onopang'ono ukuyenda pambali pake. M'mitsinje, mbalame zimagwira ntchito m'magulu, zikufola mozungulira. Ma Spoonbill amasaka okha m'madzi osasunthika. Mlomo wokulirapo umakhala wokutidwa ndi mathero a mitsempha. Amagwira pang'ono pang'ono.
Dokowe wakuda
Nthenga zakuda za mbalameyi zimawala zofiirira komanso zobiriwira. Miyendo ndi milomo ya dokowe ndi yofiira ndipo bere ndi loyera. Maonekedwe ovala sapangidwe kokasangalala. Buku Lofiira limakonda kukhala lokhalo, kumafikira adokowe ena nthawi yokhwima yokha.
Popeza adabereka ana, mbalamezi zimabalalikira "m'makona" awo. Ma ngodya awa akucheperachepera, zomwe ndizosamvetsetseka kwa oyang'anira mbalame. Mwachilengedwe, mbalame yayikulu ilibe adani.
Kupha nyama mwachangu sikukuchitika, chifukwa nthenga imakhala yopyapyala komanso yosamala. Pali malo osokonekera oyenera kukhala ku Russia. Komabe, chiwerengero cha anthu chikuchepa. Popanda kumvetsetsa zifukwa, asayansi sadziwa momwe angatetezere zamoyozo.
Goose wamapiri
Kuwona kwamapiri chifukwa zimauluka pamtunda wamamita 6000. Makilomita 500 m'mbuyomu, mpweya wabwino mumlengalenga ndi theka. Ndi tsekwe zam'mapiri zokha zomwe zitha kukhala m'malo otere, ngakhale pazithunzizo ajambula maphukusi ndi cranes zowuluka padzuwa.
Wopambana weniweni wa nsonga ndi Bukhu Lathu Lofiira. Kukhoza kuyendetsa magazi mwachangu mthupi kumathandiza kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa oxygen. Mitsinje yotsegulidwa imatha kuperekera mpweya wofunikira m'maselo.
Komabe, makinawo samamveka bwino. Asayansi akulimbana ndi ntchitoyi. Ngati ingathetsedwe, itha kuthandizira kuthandizira mavuto amomwe munthu amapumira. Kuchokera apa, cholinga chopulumutsa atsekwe akumapiri chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri.
Flamingo
Karoti mbalame. Chifukwa chake mutha kuyimbira flamingo, podziwa kuti carotene imadziphatika nthenga za nyama. Mtundu uwu umapezeka osati mu kaloti wokha, komanso m'ma molluscs ena, mwachitsanzo, shrimp, crustaceans. Ichi ndi chakudya cha flamingo.
Carotene imayikidwa m'mapiko awo, ndikuipatsa mawu amchere. Koma "kamvekedwe" ka tsogolo la mbalame kukuyamba kuda. Chiwerengero cha anthu aku Russia chikuchepa. Njirayi ndiyosachedwa, koma mu mtundu womaliza wa Red Book kunalibe zamoyo.
Mbalame Yoyera Yoyera Yoyera Yoyera
Ndi za Anseriformes, zisa zawo kumpoto kwa taiga. Mbalameyi imasowa nkhalango yolimba. Kudulidwa kwake ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Opha nyama moperewera sikuti nthawi zonse amaimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha zomwe adachita, ndipo si nthawi zonse omwe amapha nyama mosaka nyama.
Goose Wamng'onoting'ono Oyera amawoneka ngati tsekwe zoyera. Kuwombera kumeneku kumachitika mwalamulo. Kuchokera patali, alenje amaganiza kuti akupha tsekwe wamba. Ndi chokulirapo ndipo chili ndi malo oyera oyera pamphumi. Ndiko kusiyana konse pakati pa mitunduyo.
American tsekwe
Imeneyi ndi mbalame ya anseriform yomwe imakhala mumtunda wa Arctic tundra. Kunja kwa Russia, tsekwe ndizofala ku Canada komanso kumpoto kwa United States, komwe kumafotokoza dzina la nthenga. Mwa njira, ndi herbivorous, pali plantain ndi sedge.
Khalidwe losavulaza ndi nyama yokoma ndi zifukwa zowonongera anthu, ngakhale kuletsa kusaka. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koopsa, mtunduwu umataya anthu 4,000 pachaka chifukwa cha omwe amapha nyama moperewera.
Mbalame ya Sukhonos
Banja la bakha lalikulu kwambiri. Zimasiyana ndi nkhuku osati kukula kokha, komanso kutalika kwake kwa khosi ndi mulomo wakuda. Wotsikirayo amatambasula masentimita 10, amenenso amasiyanitsa mphuno youma ndi atsekwe ena. Koma chakudya cha mbalamechi chimafanana. Bukhu Lofiira liri ndi mbewu ndi zomera.
Pokhala wamtchire, Sukhonos samachedwa kuwongoleredwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti poyambira amangopeka. Mbalameyi siyibisalira anthu, nchifukwa chake imawomberedwa, ngakhale kuti inkaletsa. Tinene kuti malingalirowa amakwiyitsa osaka.
Nkhumba yaying'ono
Dzina lachiwiri ndi tundra, chifukwa limakhazikika kumpoto. Apa mbalame imatha kutalika masentimita 130. Mapiko a mapiko samatha mita 2. Swans ena ndi akulu.
Mitunduyi ikubwezeretsedwanso, koma sanatulutsidwebe mu Red Book. Pakati pa anthu, anthu ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwa swan. Awiriwo amamaliza kumaliza ali achinyamata, osakwana chaka chimodzi. Uku ndikutengana. Nyama zidzakhala paubwenzi wathunthu pambuyo pake, koma zimadziwa omwe adapangidwira kuyambira ali aang'ono.
Mbalame ya Osprey
Nyamayi imadyetsa nsomba zokha. Kuti akaigwire, umodzi mwamakhola a mbewa unayamba kuzungulira. Ndikosavuta kugwira nyama motere. Malingalirowo ndi apadera chifukwa alibe achibale apafupi.
Mbalameyi ikufa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala zisa. Osprey amakhala ndi moyo wautali, akufika zaka 40-46. Zonse kupatula paunyamata, nyama zolusa zimagwiritsa ntchito chisa chimodzi, chaka chilichonse kukachikonza. Mukachotsa chisa, muchotsa gawo la nkhono padziko lapansi. Awiriwa akana kufunafuna "nyumba" yatsopano.
Njoka
Mbalameyi ndi ya mphamba, imadyetsa njoka. Mbalame ya nthenga imanyamula anapiye, yomwe imameza pang'ono. Mwana wagwira kumapeto kwa chokwawa chotuluka pakamwa pa kholo ndikukoka, kukoka. Nthawi zina zimatenga mphindi 5-10 kuti mupeze chakudya kuchokera m'mimba mwa abambo kapena amayi.
Mu Russia yense, anthu omwe amadya njoka amawerengedwa ngati 3,000. Poganizira kuti mbalame zodya nyama ndizodutsa m'nkhalango, kusabereka kwachilengedwe kumatha limodzi ndi mitundu yokonda magazi. Ngakhale a Red Book amakonda njoka, amatha kudya mbewa yofooketsedwa ndi matendawa. Izi zimaletsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka.
Lopaten
Zimatanthauza waders. Mlomo wa mbalame yaying'ono umakhala wosalala kumapeto kwake, wofanana ndi tsamba lamapewa. Nthenga zimazigwiritsa ntchito ngati zopalira, kugwira tizilombo tikamauluka. Komanso, mlomo wa fosholo umathandizira kuyang'ana chakudya m'nyanjayi.
Malo okhala kwambiri a Red Book ndi Chukotka. Mbalame zimamangiriridwa kumalo opangira zisa, ndichifukwa chake zimavutika. Komanso, mbalame zimafa chifukwa cha kuipitsa malo osungira mafuta komanso kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe.
Spatula imakhudzidwa kwambiri nayo kuposa mbalame zambiri. Akatswiri a zanyengo amalosera kutha kwathunthu kwa mitunduyo m'zaka 10. Ngati ndi choncho, mtundu wotsatira wa Red Book of Russia sudzakhalanso ndi fosholo. Padakali pano, pali anthu pafupifupi 2,000 padziko lonse lapansi.
Mphungu yagolide
Mbalameyi ndi ya mtundu wa ziwombankhanga, imatambasula masentimita 70-90, ndipo imapiza mapiko ake mamita awiri kapena kupitirira apo. Zimphona zimakhala kutali ndi anthu. Malo oterewa akucheperachepera ndipo amafunika kugawidwa pakati pa ziwombankhanga zagolide. Nthawi zonse amakhala limodzi ndi mnzake wosankhidwa. Zinthu zoterezi ndichimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchepa kwa chiwerengerochi, ndi mitundu 6 yonse ya ziwombankhanga zagolide.
Mphungu yoyera-yoyera
Amakhala m'madera akutali kwambiri ku Far East, ndipo amafunikira gawo lochulukirapo kuposa chiwombankhanga chagolide. Ku Russia, Orolan ndiye mbalame zazikuluzikulu kwambiri. Chimphona chili ndi mayina ena awiri - zoyera-zoyera ndi zoyera.
Chowonadi ndichakuti si mapiko onse a mbalame opepuka, koma madera okha kumtunda kwawo. Komanso chiwombankhanga chimakhala ndi mchira woyera. Ngati simukufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane, mtundu wa Red Book umafanana ndi wa magpie. Chifukwa chake, katswiri wazachilengedwe a Georg Steller, yemwe nthawi ina adapeza chiwombankhanga, adaitcha magpie. Nayi dzina lina la mbalame yosowa.
Nyanja yam'madzi
Sikuti ndizochepa chabe, komanso zapezedwa posachedwa. Mbalame zambiri zidapezeka mu 1965 ku Torey Lakes. Amapezeka m'chigawo cha Trans-Baikal. Kupezeka kwa anthu 100 kunapangitsa kuti ziwonekere kuti uwu ndi mtundu wosiyana, osati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadziwika kale.
Mpaka 1965, mafupa amodzi okha a nyama zotsalira adapezeka. Zotsalazo zidatengedwa kuchokera ku Asia. Mafupa amodzi okha omwe sanapatse asayansi chidziwitso chokwanira. Pambuyo pa 1965, madera okhala ndi zotsalira adalembetsa kunja kwa Russia. Tsopano chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi ndi anthu 10,000-12,000.
Crane ya Daursky
Mbalameyi ili ndi miyendo ya pinki, mipiringidzo yamaso ofiira, mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera yamutu ndi nthenga zaimvi ndi zoyera. Amuna owoneka bwino ndi ochepa komanso ataliatali. Ku Russia, Red Book limapezeka kumalire akumwera ndi PRC komanso kugombe lakummawa. Ndizovuta kuwona ma cranes, chifukwa ndi achinsinsi komanso ochepa. Anthu angapo adalembedwa ku Russia, ndipo ochepera 5000 padziko lapansi.
Mbalame yokhazikika
Amaswana kumunsi kwenikweni kwa Dnieper, ku Crimea, Kamchatka. Kumeneko, khola limayang'ana malo onyowa, ndikukhala m'madambo osefukira, nyanja, madambo. Ndi madera ngati omwe opha nyama mopanda chilolezo amapita kukafunafuna Buku Lofiira. Turkey imakhala ndi nyama yokhazikika, yazakudya, yokoma komanso yamtengo wapatali.
Khola limakhala la shiloklyuvkovy. Dzinalo limabisa mbali yakunja ya nthenga. Mlomo wake ndi woonda komanso wakuthwa ngati singano. Komanso, mbalameyi imakhala ndi miyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala yofiirira. Pamodzi ndi iwo ndi mulomo, kuchuluka kwa khomalo sikupitilira magalamu 200.
Kutulutsa
Kwa amateur ndizovuta kusiyanitsa ndi chiwombankhanga. Akatswiri ofufuza za mbalame, mbali inayi, awona njerwa ikumera m'mapiko, utoto wofiyira mchira ndi mawanga oyera pamapiko a Red Book. Zotsatirazi zimawoneka panthawi yomwe Buzzard ikuuluka.
Mwa njira, kuthawa kwake ndikunjenjemera. Mbalameyi imawoneka ngati ikunjenjemera m'mwamba, nthawi zina imawundana. Choncho nthenga imasakasaka nyama kuthengo. Buzzard amakonda kuti asamawuluke m'nkhalango, posankha madera osatha ndi tundra.
Mbalame ya Avocet
Ali ndi mawonekedwe owonjezera. Nthenga za mbalameyi ndizakuda komanso zoyera. Kuwala kowonjezera. Mdima wakuda umakhala ndi mawu omveka pamutu, mapiko ndi mchira. Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi wakuda, wakuthwa, ndi nsonga yokhota. Chifukwa chake, mtunduwo umatchedwa awl. Mphuno ya mbalameyi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake msinkhu. Achichepere ali ndi mulomo wofewa, wamfupi, wowongoka.
Chiwerengero cha mitunduyo chimachepetsedwa ndi kusakhazikika komwe amakhala. Shiloklyuv imafunikira nyanja zamchere zokha. Nyanja ndizoyeneranso, koma mosabisa komanso zotseguka. Payenera kukhala mchenga wambiri ndi zomera zochepa. Malo otere ndi anthu amawakonda. Mbalame sizingathe kupikisana nawo.
Tern yaying'ono
Kwa Russia yense, anthu 15,000 adawerengedwa. Zovuta pazifukwa zimapondereza malingaliro. Choyamba, kusefukira kwamadzi kumatsuka zisa za mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi madzi, m'mphepete mwawo. Kachiwiri, tern tating'ono timazindikira za chilengedwe, komanso chilengedwe chikuwonongeka.
Komanso, mbalame sizimakonda kupezeka kwa anthu, ndipo apa pali unyinji wa alendo othamanga komanso achisangalalo. Mwachitsanzo, amayang'anitsitsa kusaka mbalame. Mbalame za Terns zimayang'ana nyama yomwe ili m'madzi, kuuluka pamwamba pake ndi kuthamanga mofulumira, ikubisala m'madzi. Mbalame zamapiko zimawonekeranso pamphindi 3-7.
Bango sutora
Amagawidwa ngati wodutsa. Sutore, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, amafunikira mabedi abango. Wokhuthala komanso wobisika kwambiri amakhala wabwino. Pakati pawo, mbalame zamasentimita 16 zokhala ndi nthenga zofiira-mabokosi zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira.
Mlomo wakuda wachikaso ndi kansalu kotuwa pamutu umaonekera. Mutha kukumana ndi mbalame ngati imeneyi pafupi ndi Ussuriisk. Sutora adalembedweratu pano, chifukwa amakhala moyo wongokhala.
Izi zidachitika kuti madera osankhidwa ndi Red Book amapezeka mgawo la masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuphulikaku kuphulitsa moto, kuwononga bango lokondedwa ndi mbalame.
Kadzidzi wa mphungu
Woimira wamkulu wa kadzidzi akulemera pafupifupi 4 kilogalamu. Bukhu Lofiira limasiyana ndi akadzidzi ena mwa kupezeka kwa kankhuni pamapazi ake ndi makutu a nthenga pamutu pake. Mbalameyi imasinthidwa ndi malo aliwonse, koma imakonda mitengo yopanda pake.
Izi ndi zomwe zimadulidwa poyeretsa nkhalango. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kudula mitengo ikuluikulu yodwala, yopsereza komanso yakale. Akadzidzi alibe malo okhala. Mitundu yomwe idafalikira idakhala Red Book.
Mbalame ya Bustard
Mbalameyi inali ndi dzina chifukwa cha njira yomwe inanyamuka. Asanadzuke, nthengayo imakuwa, kulira. Popanda mwambowu, Buku Lofiira silipita kumwamba. Bustard amasamala. Popeza palibe njira yoti mungonyamuka mwakachetechete, wamapiko amayesetsa kuti asachite izi, kutsogolera makamaka moyo wapadziko lapansi.
Apa, utoto wowoneka bwino wa beige umathandiza kuti nyamayo iphatikane ndi nthaka ndi zitsamba. Mbalame ikakwera m'mwamba, imayamba kukupiza mapiko ake pafupipafupi kotero kuti imathamanga liwiro la makilomita 80 pa ola limodzi.
Great piebald kingfisher
Mutha kuwona mbalameyi pazilumba za Kuril. Anthu ambiri adakhazikika pa Kunashir. Pakati pachilumbachi, mbalame zazikuluzikulu zimadziwika ndi mutu wake wokulirapo wokhala ndi utoto waukulu komanso utoto wosiyanasiyana. Pamaso akuda, mawanga oyera oyera amabalalika, ngati mtundu wa "nsawawa".
Ku Kunashir yense, asodzi a piebald adawerengedwa awiriawiri 20. Zimakhala zovuta kuzilemba. Mbalamezi zimauluka ndikuwona anthu patali ndi 100 mita. Mbalame zikaganiza kuti zikuwathamangitsa, ndiye kuti amachoka kwawo konse.
Anthu akuda aku Caucasus
Mbalame iyi yamapiri imapezeka ku Krasnodar Territory ndipo, monga dzinalo likusonyezera, ku Caucasus. Pamtunda wa mamita 2000-2200 pamwamba pa nyanja, mbalameyi imangokhala.
Zinyama zimadikirira zikopa m'malo omwe amakonda. Mbalameyi ili ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu awonongeka chifukwa chokhazikitsa misewu ndi njanji kudzera m'mapiri, bungwe lodyetserako ziweto.
Wosaka Paradaiso
Ndi za munthu wodutsa, woonekera pakati pawo kukula kwake kodabwitsa. Kutalika kwa thupi la nsombayo kumafika masentimita 24, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 23. Chilengedwe chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake a paradaiso chifukwa cha nthenga zake zokongola.
Chifuwa cha wogwira ntchentche ndi choyera ndipo kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiira. Mutu wa Red Book ndi wakuda ndikuwoneka kwa korona wa nthenga. Nthenga zazitali zazingwe zimadziwikanso. Nsonga yake ndi yopindika ngati yopiringa.
Mutha kukumana ndi wowerenga ntchentche kumadzulo kwa Primorye. Pamenepo, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimakhala m'nkhalango zomwe zimasefukira madzi. Izi, komanso moto, zimawerengedwa kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa kutha kwa osaka ntchentche. Pamene owonera mbalame amamva chisoni, tizilombo timasangalala. Monga zikuwonekera kuchokera ku dzina la Red Book, imadyetsa ntchentche.
Mbalame ya Shaggy nuthatch
Amakhala m'dera la Primorsky. Mbalameyi ndi yolimba. Miyendo yolimba komanso yolimba imathandizira kuthamanga pamtengo, pomwe mtedzawo umafunafuna chakudya. Ndi tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo. Mtedzawu umapeza chakudya ngati chosemesa nkhuni, kuphwanya khungwa ndi mlomo wolimba komanso wolimba.
Kubwerera mzaka za m'ma 1980, ma Primatye okhaokha anali 20 okhaokha. Kuphatikiza apo, tinapeza amuna angapo osakwatira, chomwe ndi chizindikiro cha anthu osauka. Sanakonze malingaliro ake. M'buku laposachedwa la Red Book, shaggy nuthatches patsamba lofiira.
Khungu lachifwamba
Imodzi mwa sitima zothamanga kwambiri ku Russia idatchulidwa ndi mbalameyi. Amasewera, koma osati othamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi. Falcon ya peregrine ndiyomwe imathamanga kwambiri pakati pa mbalame, imafika pamtunda wa makilomita 322 pa ola limodzi. Chifukwa chake kumakhala kovuta kuwona kapena kuzindikira nyama ikuuluka. China chake chidathamangira, koma chiyani? ..
Mbalame yothamanga kwambiri ndi ya mphamba ndipo pang'onopang'ono ikukula pansi. M'magazini yosinthidwa ya Red Book, falcon ya peregrine ili patsamba lobiriwira. Mitunduyo imabwezeretsedwanso. "Chidziwitso" chabwino ichi ndichomaliza chomaliza cha nkhaniyi, chomwe chimapereka lingaliro la kusiyanasiyana kwa mbalame zaku Russia komanso chiopsezo chawo.
