Mbalameyi Ndi za dongosolo la nkhandwe komanso banja la nkhamba. Amadziwikanso ndi dzina lakale lomwe "goshawk" (malinga ndi etymology ya chilankhulo cha Old Church Slavonic, "str" amatanthauza "mwachangu", ndi "rebъ" - "motley" kapena "pockmarked").
Mbalame mphungu ndi nkhwali amakhala m'malo olemekezeka m'nthano ndi nthano za anthu osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, pomwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi amithenga a milungu. Aigupto wakale amalambira fano la nthenga iyi, akukhulupirira kuti maso a chamba amatanthauza mwezi ndi dzuwa, ndipo mapiko akuimira thambo.
Magulu osankhika a magulu achi Slavic nthawi zambiri amaika chithunzi cha mbalame m'mabendera awo, zomwe zimatanthauza kulimba mtima, mphamvu komanso nkhanza kwa adani.
Makhalidwe ndi malo a nkhwangwa
Mwachidule pa chithunzi cha mphamba pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mbalame ndi yolemekezeka kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi thupi lowonda lomwe lili ndi mapiko otambalala komanso achidule ozungulira.
Chiwombankhanga chili ndi miyendo yolimba, pomwe pamakhala zala zazitali ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu ndi mchira wautali. Mbalameyi imakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera ngati "nsidze" zoyera zomwe zimakhala pamwamba pamaso, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalumikizana kumbuyo kwa mutu.
M'madera ena ndi mayiko, mutha kupeza pafupifupi hawk wakuda... Zosankha zamitundu mbalame za m'banja la mphamba pali zambiri, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala anthu omwe mtundu wawo umalamulidwa ndimabuluu, abulauni, akuda ndi oyera.
Maso a mbewa zazikulu ndi zazikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira kapena ofiira, miyendo ndi yachikasu. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa amuna, ndipo kulemera kwawo kumatha kufika 2 kg wokhala ndi thupi la 60-65 cm ndi mapiko opitilira mita imodzi. Kulemera kwa amuna kuyambira 650 mpaka 1150 magalamu.
Hawks ndi mbalame zodya nyamaomwe angapezeke m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Amapezeka kwambiri kumpoto (mpaka ku Alaska) ndi ku South America, kumapiri ndi m'nkhalango zamayiko aku Eurasia.
Ku Africa ndi Australia, makamaka akabawi ang'onoang'ono amakhala, mosiyana ndi zazikulu zomwe zimapezeka ku Asia ndi Europe. M'madera a Russia, nkhwangwa imapezeka kawirikawiri, kupatula ku Far East, Primorsky Territory komanso zigawo zina zakumwera kwa Siberia.
Masiku ano, nkhwangwa zimakhazikika pakatikati pa nkhalango zakale, popeza nthawi ina adasamutsidwa m'malo osawuka ndi osaka ambiri omwe adachita kuwombelera, chifukwa iwo, mwa iwo, adathetsa mwamphamvu zida zawo - zinziri ndi grouse wakuda.
Mverani mawu akambwe
Mawu a mbalame ndi ofanana ndi kulira kwamphamvu, ndipo pakadali pano mutha kumva "zokambirana" zawo zazikulu kunja kwa mudzi winawo.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nkhwangwa
Hawks ndi mbalame zothamanga kwambiri, zothamanga komanso zothamanga kwambiri. Amakhala makamaka moyo wamasana, kuwonetsa ntchito yayikulu ndikusaka chakudya masana.
Mwamuna ndi mkazi wokwatirana, amene amasankha kamodzi kwamoyo wonse. Gulu la Hawk lili ndi gawo lake lomwe malire ake amatha kufalikira mahekitala zikwi zitatu ndipo amatha kulumikizana ndi malire a anthu ena (kupatula malo obisalira mbalame).
Kawirikawiri nkhwangwa zimamanga zisa zawo m'nkhalango zamitengo yakale pamitengo yayitali kwambiri, pamtunda wamamita khumi mpaka makumi awiri kuchokera padziko lapansi.
Kujambula ndi chisa cha mphamba
Amatha kusiyanasiyana pakuwonekera kuchokera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana, komabe, mphamba wamphongo ndi wamkazi amawonetsa chidwi pakumanga chisa, kusokoneza mayendedwe awo, akuuluka pamtengo ndi mtengo ndikulankhulana wina ndi mzake m'mawu ena.
Hawk mbalame kulira amafanana ndi kukuwa, nthawi zina kumasandulika kunjenjemera (mwa amuna).
Chakudya cha Hawk
Mbalame ya Hawk - chilombo, amene chakudya chake chimakhala makamaka chakudya cha nyama. Anapiye ndi mbewa zazing'ono amadya mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, tizilombo, achule ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Pamene akukula, amayamba kusaka nyama zazikulu monga pheasants, agologolo, hares, akalulu ndi ma hazel grouses.
Ma Hawks amatha kusaka kamodzi masiku awiri aliwonse, popeza m'mimba mwawo muli thumba lapadera lomwe tikhoza kusungira nyama yake, pang'onopang'ono kulowa m'mimba.
Chiwombankhanga chimadya mbalame zina ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono
Masomphenya a mbewa ndiabwino kwambiri, ndipo akuuluka mlengalenga, amatha kuyang'ana nyama yawo pamtunda wa makilomita angapo. Ikasaka nyama yake, mbalameyo imachita kulira mwamphamvu, osayilola kuti ibwerere m'manja ndipo imagwira nyama yakeyo mwamphamvu.
Komabe, panthawi yothamangitsa, nkhwangwa imayang'ana kwambiri nyama yomwe imatha kulephera kuzindikiritsa chopinga chamtsogolo ngati mtengo, nyumba kapena ngakhale sitima.
Kulira kwa mphamba koopseza mbalame Lero imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi osaka nyama kuti atulutse nyama kuti abwerere mwachangu kwa nyamayo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame yokhayokha yokhala ndi moyo wokhazikika. Amakula msinkhu wokwanira chaka chimodzi, pambuyo pake amapanga awiriawiri ndikuyamba mgwirizano wopanga chisa.
Hawk mwana wankhuku
Nyengo ya mating imasiyanasiyana kwambiri kutengera dera lomwe amakhala ndipo nthawi zambiri imayamba kuyambira mkatikati mwa masika mpaka koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Mkazi amabweretsa ana osaposa kamodzi pachaka pamazira awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu, pomwe patatha masiku makumi atatu, anapiye amabadwa.
Zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimatengapo mbali pkuswa mazira. Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo, akalulu achichepere amaphunzira zonse zofunikira pakudziyimira pawokha ndikusiya chisa cha makolo.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbewa m'chilengedwe chake ndi zaka 15-20, komabe, pamakhala milandu pomwe anthu omwe amakhala mndende amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Gulani mbalame lero sikuli kovuta, ndi anapiye nkhwangwa zitha kugulidwa mosavuta pa intaneti $ 150-200. Amagulidwa nthawi zambiri ndi mafani a falconry komanso okonda nyama zakutchire.
