Chotupa (kapena monga amatchedwanso - lyska) ndi mbalame yapakatikati ya banja la abusa. Ili ndi dzina kuchokera pamalo oyera achikopa pamphumi, osakutidwa ndi nthenga. Nthenga za coot nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotuwa kapena zakuda. Mlomo wawung'ono koma wakuthwa bwino umasanduka dazi loyera lomweli pamutu pa mbalameyo. Maso a mbalameyi ndi ofiira kwambiri.
Mchira wamphako ndi wamfupi, nthenga ndizofewa. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa ku kapangidwe ka miyendo. Ngakhale kuti mphalapala ndi mbalame zam'madzi, zala zake sizimatulutsidwa ndi nembanemba, koma zili ndi masamba omwe amatseguka posambira. Mtundu wa miyendo ya coot umakhala wachikaso mpaka wakuda lalanje, zala zakuda, ndipo ma lobes nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera.
Kuphatikizana kumeneku ndi kapangidwe kake koyambirira kumakopa chidwi kwambiri cha miyendo ya mbalameyo kusiyana ndi dazi lowala pamutu pake. Mutha kudzionera nokha poyang'ana zithunzi zojambula.
Ngakhale kuti mapazi alibe kusiyana koonekera kwakunja pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, kugonana kwa mbalame imodzi kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi mamvekedwe omwe amapanga. Kuvota akazi zikopa mwadzidzidzi, mokweza, mokweza mawu. Ndipo kulira kwamphongo kumakhala chete, kugontha, kutsika, ndikumveka kokometsa.
Mverani kukuwa kwa chofunda:
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala chimbudzi
Khosilo limakhala ku Eurasia, komanso kumpoto kwa Africa, Australia, Papua New Guinea ndi New Zealand, m'malo osungira madzi abwino kapena amchere pang'ono. Amakonda chisa m'madzi osaya, pakati pazomera pafupipafupi komanso zazitali.
Coots ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka, chifukwa chake nthawi zonse amapanga ndege zosamukira. Gulu la September mpaka Novembala abakha abulu pangani ndege zazikulu kumadera otentha, ndipo kumapeto kwa dzinja - kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi - amabwerera. Komabe, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa njira zawo zosamukira, chifukwa nthawi zina ngakhale abakha amtundu womwewo amawuluka mosiyanasiyana.
Kutali konse kuchokera ku Western Europe mpaka kumpoto kwa Africa, komanso kuchokera kumwera kwa Asia kupita ku Australia, mbalame zimangokhala, zimangoyenda pang'ono.
Zozizira zaku Central ndi Eastern Europe zidagawika pakati pawo omwe amauluka kuti apulumuke nthawi yozizira ku Western Europe, komanso omwe amakonda kupanga maulendo ataliatali opita kumpoto kwa Africa. Mbalame zochokera kudera la Siberia ndi Far East zimauluka kuzizira kulowera ku India.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Moyo wa coot nthawi zambiri umakhala masana. Usiku, mbalame zimagwira ntchito m'miyezi yachisanu komanso nthawi yosamukira. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pamadzi. Mbalamezi zimasambira bwino kwambiri kuposa abusa ena, koma zimayenda pamtunda molimbika kwambiri.
Nthawi zoopsa, khola limakondanso kulowa m'madzi ndikubisala m'nkhalango, m'malo mouluka. Khosilo limayenda mozama mpaka kuzama kwa mita 4, komabe, silingasunthire pansi pamadzi, chifukwa chake silisaka omwe amakhala m'madzi. Imawuluka mwamphamvu, koma mwachangu kwambiri. Kuti inyamuke, mbalame iyenera kuthamanga kudzera m'madzi, ikuyenda pafupifupi mamita 8 motsutsana ndi mphepo.
Mbalame yotentha kudalira kwambiri. Ngakhale akumusaka, amalola anthu kuti amufikire pafupi momwe angathere. Chifukwa chake, pa netiweki mutha kupeza zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zowoneka bwino za mbalame yolira, yojambulidwa ndi omwe si akatswiri.
Pakusamukira kwakasupe, imakonda kupanga maulendo ataliatali usiku, osapumira kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono obalalika. Koma m'malo ozizira amasonkhana m'magulu akulu, omwe nthawi zina amafikira anthu zikwi mazana angapo.
Chakudya
Maziko azakudya zamatumba ndi chakudya chomera. Mphukira zazing'ono ndi zipatso za zomera zam'madzi, zomwe zimapezeka m'malo okhala mbalame - duckweed, petiolate, algae ndi ena.
Zachidziwikire, mabotolo amadyanso nyama, koma kuchuluka kwake sikupitilira 10% ya chakudya chonse chomwe mbalame imadya. Kawirikawiri, chakudya cha nyama chimaphatikizapo nkhono, nsomba zazing'ono, komanso mazira a mbalame zina. Nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti mabala amatenga chakudya kuchokera kwa abakha kapena ma swans, ngakhale kuti omalizirawo ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa abakha amphaka.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Zokongoletsa zimasiyanitsidwa ndiukwati wawo wokwatiwa. Atatha msinkhu, amapanga awiriawiri achimuna ndi achimuna. Nthawi yobereketsa siyikhala yokhazikika ndipo imadalira pazinthu zambiri, mwachitsanzo, nyengo kapena kuchuluka kwa chakudya pamalo obisalira. Nthawi zambiri nyengo yakumasirana imayamba masika mbalamezo zitangofika.
Pakadali pano mbalame zimakhala zokangalika, zaphokoso, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zankhanza kwa omwe akupikisana nawo. Pambuyo posankha wokwatirana naye, banjali limakonzekererana posenda nthenga ndikubweretsa chakudya. Nthawi yakusankha wokwatirana ikadzatha ndikumanga chisa kumayamba, machitidwe a mbalame amasintha modabwitsa.
Kuyambira pano mpaka kumapeto kwa kusamalira anapiye, mbalame zimayesetsa kuchita zinthu mwakachetechete komanso mwachinsinsi momwe zingathere kuti zisakope chidwi cha mbalame kapena nyama zomwe zingawononge malo awo obisalira. Chisa chimamangidwa pamadzi, chimatchinjiriza mosamala kwa akunja m'mitengo ikuluikulu ya chomera chomwe chimatuluka pansi pamadzi.
Kapangidwe ka chisa ayenera kulimbikitsidwa mpaka pansi, kapena ku nkhalango zokha, kuti asatengeke mwangozi ndi pano. Kukula kwake kwa chisa kumatha kufikira masentimita 40, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 20. Chifukwa chaukali kwambiri kwa mbalame zina nthawi yogona, mabanja ozizira amapezeka kotero kuti pali mamitala osachepera 30 pakati pa zisa.
Koma ikafika anthu osagwirizana, mbalame zimamugunda, kuteteza chisa, nthawi zina zimagwirizana ndikuukira m'magulu a anthu 6 mpaka 8. Mu nyengo imodzi, yaikazi imatha kuyala mpaka katatu. Clutch yoyamba imakhala ndi mazira 7 mpaka 12, mibulu yotsatirayi ndi yaying'ono. Mazirawo ndi ofiira amchenga wonyezimira, okhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono ofiira ofiira, mpaka kutalika kwa 5 cm.
Kujambula ndi chisa chokhazikika
Ngakhale kuti mkazi amakhala nthawi yayitali pachisa, akukhulupilira kuti onse awiriwo amathira ndewuzo mosinthana. Makulitsidwe amatha masiku 22. Coot anapiye amabadwa atakutidwa ndi madzi akuda okhala ndi milomo yofiira lalanje komanso mabotolo ofiira ofanana pakhosi ndi kumutu.
Pakatha tsiku limodzi, anapiye amatuluka m'chisa ndikutsatira makolo awo. Kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira, makolo amathandiza makanda powapatsa chakudya komanso kuwaphunzitsa maluso ofunikira. Pambuyo pa masabata 9 mpaka 11, anapiye okula ndi okhwima amadziwa kale momwe angadyetse ndikuwuluka pawokha.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, anapiye achichepere amabwera ndikuwuluka m'nyengo yozizira yoyamba m'maguluwa. Mbalame zazikulu zimadutsa molt panthawiyi. Pokhala opanda chochita, amakhala nthawi ino kubisala m'nkhalango zowirira zazitali. Pofika nyengo yotsatira, m'badwo watsopanowu utha msinkhu.
Pachithunzicho, mwana wankhuku
Khola ndi masewera okoma komanso nyama yabwino kwa alenje ambiri. Kusaka kwake kumathandizidwanso chifukwa chongopeka chabe kwa mbalameyo, yomwe sichiwopa kuyandikira kwa anthu. Nthawi yosaka imasintha nthawi zonse, chaka ndi chaka, ndipo imayendetsedwa pamalamulo ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe za Russian Federation.
Ngati alenje ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chinyengo potengera mawu a mbalame kuti akope abakha, ndiye kuti njirayi siyoyenera ndi chimbudzi. Koma m'masitolo ambiri osakira mutha kugula modzaza cootchomwe chingakhale nyambo yowonera mbalamezi.
