Kukongola, kulimba mtima ndi ukulu wa mphamba zidawapangitsa kukhala ulemerero wa wolamulira wa mlengalenga. Amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama pokhapokha ndi dzino lowonjezera lomwe lili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mlomo.
Kestrel ndi membala wocheperako pamtundu wa falcon. Komabe, ili ndi mitundu yopitilira khumi.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Falcon ya Kestrel - mbalame yodziwika bwino. Amapezeka ku Europe, Africa ndi Asia. M'makontinenti awa, sapezeka kokha kumadera akumpoto ndi kuzilumba.
M'madera a Russia, pali mitundu iwiri ya mbalamezi:wamba wamba ndiposteppe kestrel... Lachiwiri lili pafupi kutha ndipo likutetezedwa ndi boma.
Okhala kumpoto kwa Europe nthawi yophukira amasamukira kumadera ofunda a Central Europe, Mediterranean ndi North Africa, ndikubwerera kwawo masika.
Mwa mtundu wake, kestrel ndi wocheperako kukula
Nzika zakumwera zimakhalabe m'malo awo kwamuyaya. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti kestrel ndi pang'onombalame zosamukasamuka.
Mitundu yonse ya mbalameyi imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Kufikira theka la mita kukula, ali ndi mapiko otalika pafupifupi 70 sentimita.
Mkazi amalemera pafupifupi 300 g ndipo amatha kuchulukitsa nthawi yogona, pomwe amuna amakhala pafupifupi 200 g. Amuna ndi akazi komanso amuna amasiyana mitundu.
Wamphongo amakhala ndi mtundu wofiyira komanso mikwingwirima yakuda, mutu ndi mmero wake ndizopepuka kwambiri, nthawi zina ngakhale zoyera. Akazi ndi owala komanso akuda, mitu yawo ndi yofiirira.
Ziphuphu zimakhala ndi michira ndi mapiko ataliatali, pomwe mitundu ina ya mphamba ili ndi mchira wawufupi ndi mapiko atali. Zala zachikaso zimathera ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Mlomo wokhotakhota ndi woyera pansi ndipo wakuda kapena imvi kumapeto.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mbalame zimakhazikitsa malo awo okhala m'nkhalango (makamaka coniferous), madera akumapiri, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'minda, m'chigwa.Wopambana angathe khalani m'maenje kapena maenje a mitengo, pakati pamiyala ndi m'maenje osiyanasiyana. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi kupezeka kwa malo otseguka pafupi posaka.
Mongaperegrine falcon, kestrel amakhala mosavuta m'mizinda. Zisa za mbalamezi zimapezeka pamakonde, pansi pa eves, m'mapaipi kapena m'malo ena osayembekezereka. Nyamayi imapezekanso m'mapaki komanso m'malo okhala anthu.
Panjira, mbalameyo imangokhala pansi ndikuwona kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. Pamalokestrel amakhala kuti, payenera kukhala chakudya, apo ayi chikakamizidwa kusuntha.
Achifwamba samanga zisa zawo. Amasamalira nyumbayo ndikudikirira mpaka okhalamo atulukemo kapena kungothamangitsa eni nyumbayo. Nthawi zina amatha kukonza malo omwe amakhala. Zabodza zimachita nkhanza makamaka kwa agalu.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya komwe dzina la mbalameyi limachokera:
Dzina la mbalameyo limabwera chifukwa cholephera anthu kuti aziweta posaka, mwa lingaliro lawo, mbalameyi ndiyosagwiritsika ntchito komanso yopanda kanthu.
Dzinalo lachi Latin la kestrel ndi "kulira mphamba", ndipo lili ndi mawu okongola kwambiri, ofanana ndi kulira kwa mabelu.
Chakudya
Mbalame zam'mlengalenga ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala zachisawawa. Malo awo nthawi zambiri amakhala osapitilira mahekitala 30, ndipo nyama zolusa sizimathawa patali kupitirira theka la kilomita.
Mbalame zazing'ono sizimayang'anira madera awo ndipo mabanja angapo amatha kupeza malo amodzi nthawi imodzi.
Kestrel - mbalame yodya nyama. Pakhala pali zochitika za kestrel zakuba nsomba zazing'ono kuchokera kwa asodzi kapena kutola zotsalira kuchokera pikiniki.
Kusaka kosalekeza komanso kosatopa kwa nkhonozi kumawapangitsa kukhala othandiza kwambiri pantchito yolima polimbana ndi tizirombo. Mbalame zimawononga ma voles, mbewa, makoswe, agologolo agulu ndi makoswe ena.
Chisa cha Kestrel ndi anapiye
Kufikira nyama 30 zitha kugwidwa patsiku. Nthawi zina pamakhala chakudya chochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti anapiye ang'onoang'ono samatha kudya chilichonse ndipo nyumbayo imakhala yodzaza ndi nyama.
Pofuna kusaka, mphamba amafunika malo akulu; sazifunafuna chakudya m'nkhalango. Kestrel amawuluka kukafunafuna chakudya pamalo otsika, nthawi zambiri amakwera mamita 10-40.
Mbalameyi ikangoyima m'mwamba ndi kukupiza mapiko ake m'mlengalenga, imayang'ana kwa mbalameyi. Nthawi zina chilombo chimangosankha posungira ndipo makoswe adzawonekera pamenepo. Nyama ikangowonekera, kestrel amatsikira pansi, ndipo mamitala angapo kuchokera pansi amapinda mapiko ake, amagwa pansi ngati mwala ndikugwira "nkhomaliro".
Mbalame imatha kuzizira mlengalenga osasuntha, mwa njira, kuwona chodabwitsa chotere ndichopambana kwambiri. Mphepo ikakhala kuti ndiyolondola, mwana wamphongoyo amaimika mapiko ake ndi mchira wake panjira yoti izitha kukhala bata mlengalenga.
Tizilombo toyendetsa ndegembalame ya kestrel kugwira mlengalenga. Poyenda pansi, khwimbi amatha kugwira dzombe kapena tizilombo tina tomwe timakhala pansi pano. Nthawi zina amawadya kwambiri mpaka samakwera kumwamba.
Nthawi zambiri mbalameyi imagwira chakudya pansi, chifukwa chake sichingathe kuwongoleredwa posaka. Kawirikawiri, amagwiritsa ntchito machenjerero a mbewa - pobera, kenako makamaka pa mbalame zazing'ono. Mwana wamphongo wamphongo amatenga moyo wake ndi mlomo wakuthwa komanso wamphamvu, ndikupyoza mutu wake kapena kuthyola mafupa ake am'mimba.
Falcon ili ndi chizolowezi chodzaza chakudya. Ngakhale pakakhala kuti sipafunikira chakudya, mbalameyo imamenya mbalameyo ndikuibisa kuti idzagwiritse ntchito mtsogolo. Pambuyo posaka bwino, nyama zonse zomwe zagwidwa zimabwezeredwa ku chisa. Ochita mpikisanoopusa pakusaka ali kadzidzi... Ndi nkhandwe zokha zomwe zimapeza chakudya masana, ndi akadzidzi usiku.
Mphamvu ya kestrel yowoneka bwino ndi 2,5 kuposa kuposa anthu. Ngati anthu atha kuwona motere, ndiye kuti tebulo loyang'ana m'maso limawerengedwa ndi iwo pamtunda wa mita zana.
Kestrel wamba amatha kuzindikira kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi maso. Izi zimamulola kuti apeze makoswe kuti azidya, chifukwa mkodzo wawo umawala.
Kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumadalira kupezeka kwa chakudya. Makoswe ambiri pamalo opatsidwa, mbalame zimachuluka. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa mbalame zambalame chifukwa kulibe chakudya.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Achibale amakula msinkhu chaka chimodzi atabadwa. Nthawi yoti mbalame zizikwerana msanga imayamba mchaka. Mkazi amakopa wamphongo ndi mawu achilendo ndipo amamudziwitsa kuti ali wokonzeka kuti apange ubwamuna.
Amuna amayamba kupanga ma pirouette osiyanasiyana mlengalenga ndikubweretsa chakudya kwa mayiyo, ndikupambana. Mwamuna amasankha malo okhala ndikubweretsa wosankhidwa wake kumeneko.
Pakati pa mazira ndi kukula kwa ana, mbalame zimatha kupanga zigawo, kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo. Amakhala limodzi mwamtendere m'dera lomwelo.
Kwa mwezi wathunthu, yankazi imasamira mazira, nthawi zina yamphongo imalowa m'malo mwake, koma makamaka imabweretsa chakudya. Mazira ocheperako omwe amaikidwa ndi 2, pazipita ndi 8. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira 3-6 pachisa.
Anapiye ofiira oyera. Milomo ndi zikhadabo ndi zamtundu umodzi. Pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi awiri okha amayamba kutuwa, ndipo zikhadazo - zakuda. Kwa mlungu umodzi mayi amadyetsa ana yekha, ndiye kuti bambo amaphatikizana ndi izi.
Anapiye amadya kwambiri. Tsiku lililonse amadya chakudya chofanana ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwawo. Mu nthawi yabwino, anapiye amalandira makoswe angapo patsiku, nthawi zina amayenera kukhala okhutira ndi zochepa.
Amakula msanga ndikutuluka mchisa m'mwezi umodzi, koma osasiya makolo awo. Kwa mwezi wina amaphunzira kupeza chakudya ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amafunikira thandizo kuchokera kwa akulu.
Theka la anapiye silikwanitsa kukula. Amphaka amatha kuwononga nyumba, ndipo marten amatha kuwononga chisa; ma midge ambiri ndi majeremusi amachepetsanso kupulumuka kwawo.
Nthawi zina, akulu amatulutsidwa mwapadera mu nthenga za nyerere ndi milomo yawo kuti athandize kuthana ndi tizirombo. Mwachilengedwe, kestrel amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 16, ndipo ali mu ukapolo mpaka 24.
Kabawi kakang'ono kamakhala kofulumira kwambiri, nthawi zina amasintha kukhala malo osavomerezeka ndipo amatha kuzolowera anthu mosavuta.
Tsopano zakhala zotchuka kwambiri kusunga mbalame zazing'ono panyumba.Gulani kestrel sivuta kwambiri, ndipo mudzapeza wina m'banja komanso wokondedwa ndi aliyense.
