Macaque achijapani Ndi nyani wachilendo kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mosiyana ndi anzawo odekha komanso otentha kwambiri, amakhala m'malo ovuta a kuphulika kwa Kuttara komanso nyengo yachisanu. Macaca fuscata ikukhazikika pagawo lalikulu kwambiri la kutentha kwa nthaka ..
Chipale chofewa ndi kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira zimakhalira pamodzi ndi utsi ndi nthunzi zotuluka m'matumbo a dziko lapansi. Nyani sizinangophunzira kukhala m'malo ovuta pachilumbachi, komanso zimasinthidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zapadziko lapansi. Zithunzi zachilendo za anyani omwe amakhala m'madzi pakati pa chipale chofewa ndi nthunzi amadabwitsika. Alendo ochokera konsekonse padziko lapansi amasirira chithunzi chachilendo chonchi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Japan macaque
Macaca fuscata ndi nyama yoyamwa yochokera ku dongosolo la anyani. Ndi a banja lalikulu la anyani, omwe ali ndi mitundu yoposa 20. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 19, asayansi adapeza ndikufotokozera zazing'ono ziwiri za macaque aku Japan, ndipo pambuyo pake adalumikiza mayina awa m'mabuku owerengera:
- Macaca fuscata fuscata, 1875;
- Macaca fuscata yakui Kuroda, 1941.
Anyani a chipale chofewa amapezeka pafupifupi m'chigawo chonse cha zilumba za Japan.
Madera akulu kwambiri amakhala m'malo osungira nyama:
- Hell Valley, Sikotsu-Toya wapachilumba cha Hokkaido;
- Jigokudani, Monkey Park Kumpoto Kachilumba ka Honshu;
- Meiji No Mori Mino Quasi-National Park pafupi ndi Osaka.
Zotsalira za ma macaque oyambilira zimayambira ku Pliocene woyambirira. Mitunduyi idatha zaka 5 miliyoni. Zotsalira za oimira akale amtunduwu zikuwonetsa kuti nyama zoyamwitsa izi zidapulumuka mammoth ndikuwona ma Neanderthal oyamba. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti macaque aku Japan amafika kuzilumba za Japan podutsa dziko lapansi kuchokera ku Korea nthawi ya Middle Pleistocene zaka 500,000 zapitazo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Macaque achi Japan komwe amachokera
Kunja, ma macaque aku Japan amasiyana ndi kubadwa kwawo ndi khungu lawo lalitali, lolimba sikisi komanso lofiira. Ku Japan, amatchedwa ofiira nkhope. Nkhope, mapazi ndi matako amakhalabe osavunduka anyani. Ubweya wakuda unawonekera chifukwa cha chisinthiko ndipo umathandizira kupulumuka nyengo yovuta yamtunduwu. Mtunduwo umayambira bulauni mpaka imvi mpaka bulauni wachikasu.
Ma Macaque ali ndi thupi laling'ono, lonyansa. Ali ndi mchira wawung'ono, makutu ang'onoang'ono ndi chigaza chachitali chofanana ndi ma macaque. Maso ndi ofunda bulauni ndi kulocha chikasu. Anyani amtunduwu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe anzeru modabwitsa.
Kanema: Macaque waku Japan
Kulemera kwa mitunduyi sikupitilira ma kilogalamu 12. Mu macaque achi Japan, mawonekedwe azakugonana amawonetsedwa. Amuna ndiwotalika komanso okulirapo kuposa akazi. Amuna akulu kwambiri amafikira makilogalamu 11.5 ndikukula mpaka 60 cm kutalika. Akazi amalemera pafupifupi 8.4 kg ndi kutalika kwa 52-53 cm.
Asayansi akuwona ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kulemera kwa thupi kwa ma macaque aku Japan ndi nyengo. Ma macaque aku Japan akumadera akumwera amakonda kulemera pang'ono kuposa madera akumpoto okwera kwambiri, komwe kumakhala chisanu chochuluka m'miyezi yachisanu.
Ma macaque aku Japan omwe amakhala m'malo abwino ali ndi chigaza chachikulu kuposa omwe amakhala m'malo ovuta. M'mbuyomu, kutalika kwa chigaza champhongo kumakhala pafupifupi 13.4 cm, akazi 11. 11. M'gulu lachiwiri, chigaza chimachepa pang'ono: mwa amuna - 12.9 cm, mwa akazi - 1.5 cm.
Kodi ma macaque achi Japan amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Japan macaque m'nyengo yozizira
Habitat ya Macaca fuscata - zilumba zaku Japan. Ma Macaque amtunduwu amapezeka m'chigawo chonse cha chisumbucho ndi zilumbazi. Amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha kwambiri. Gawo lakumpoto chakumtunda limagwera m'nkhalango zozizira bwino komanso zowuma. Chigawochi chimakhala ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 10.9 ˚C komanso mvula yapachaka ya 1,500 mm.
Kummwera chakummwera kwawo, ma macaque aku Japan amakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Kudera lino, kutentha kwapakati ndi 20 ˚C, ndipo mvula yapachaka imafika 3000 mm. Mtundu wonsewo umadziwika ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Magulu anyani amatsika 2000 m nthawi yozizira. Ma macaque onse aku Japan amakhala m'nyengo yachisanu m'zigwa.
M'nyengo yotentha, anyani amatha kuwona kumtunda mpaka 3200 mita. M'miyezi yozizira, magulu nthawi zambiri amapita kumalo otentha, pamtunda wa mamita 1800 pamwamba pa nyanja. Ma macaque aku Japan amapezeka osati kokha pakatikati pazilumbazi. Amakhazikika m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'chigawo cha nyanja ngakhale m'madambo.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 70, monga kuyesa, magulu awiri a Macaca fuscata adasamutsidwa kupita ku famu ku Texas. Anyaniwa adapezeka ali m'malo omwe sanali ofanana ndi mitundu yawo. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo ndi zakudya zomwe zikuwopseza kuti zitha. Ambiri a iwo adamwalira. Koma nyani wachisanu akuwonetsa kupulumuka kwapadera. Mabanja asintha ndikuwonjezeka.
Pambuyo pazaka 20, anthu adachira ndikukula. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusasamala kwa anthu omwe samatha kuwongolera gululi, nyamazo zidathawira munyama zakutchire ku Texas. Anyani omwe adagwa kuthengo adamva njala ndi ludzu. Anasakidwa ndi anthu komanso nyama. Atsogoleri achitetezo atalowererapo, anyaniwo adagwidwa ndikubwerera kumalo otetezedwa.
Kodi macaque achi Japan amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Japan Snow Macaque
Macaque aku Japan ndiopatsa chidwi ndipo amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu yoposa 200 yazomera pazakudya zawo. Zakudyazi zimakhala ndi chakudya cham'masika, chilimwe komanso nthawi yophukira. Pali nkhalango zambiri ku Japan nthawi yophukira. Msuzi wamasamba wambiri, zipatso zakupsa komanso zopyola. Ma Macaque samanyalanyaza masamba okhwima, mbewu, mtedza ndi mizu onunkhira.
Mu kasupe, anyani amayang'ana mphukira zoyambirira za nsungwi ndi fern m'masamba a chaka chatha. Kukumba udzu watsopano, ali otanganidwa kufunafuna masamba amitengo ndi zitsamba. Zakudya zina zatsalira kunkhalango kuyambira chaka chatha. Anyani amachipeza pansi pa chipale chofewa, masamba omwe agwa, moss. Pofika masika, nyama zimayamba kusowa chakudya. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapita pachakudya, chomwe poyembekezera kutentha kumadzauka chifukwa cha kuzizira.
Masika, anyani amadya mazira, omwe mbalame zimagona m'mitengo ndi m'mapiri. Anyani a chipale chofewa amakonda bowa, omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zachinyezi ku Japan chaka chonse. Bowa limamera pansi komanso m'mitengo. Anyani amadziwa momwe angawapezere nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Pafupifupi chaka chonse, chakudyacho chimachokera ku mtedza ndi zipatso. M'nyengo yozizira komanso kumayambiriro kwa masika, mtedza wotsalira kuchokera kugwa ndi kuzizira, zipatso zosadyedwa zimagwera ndikulemba. Kwawonedwa kuti anyani samadana ndi khungwa komanso nthaka. Amasaka nyama zopanda mafupa. Ma macaque am'mphepete mwa nyanja amakonda kusaka nkhono, nsomba, nkhanu ndi zolengedwa zina zam'nyanja.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Macaque achi Japan
Macaque achi Japan ndi nyama yanzeru kwambiri, yodekha komanso ochezeka yomwe ili ndi njira yake yamoyo. Nzeru zapamwamba zimalola Macaca fuscata kupulumuka nyengo yozizira kwa masiku opitilira 120. Gulu ndi malamulo opangidwa m'magulu anyani amathandizira kuti kuzizira kuzizira.
Ngakhale ma macaque aku Japan ali ndi ubweya wokulirapo komanso wobiriwira, samathamangitsa madzi. Kutuluka m'malo osambira otentha m'nyengo yozizira, anyani amaundana ndipo amatha kudwala. Kuti anthu amtundu anzawo azitha kukhala m'madzi ofunda nthawi yayitali, aliyense payekha ali pantchito. Kupatula pamadzi, amayang'anira magawidwe, amayang'anira chitetezo, ndikupereka chakudya kwa iwo omwe amakhala osambira. Akapeza nthawi yopuma, amalowa m'madzi.
Ma macaque aku Japan amadziwa bwino ukhondo. Amatsuka chakudya chawo, kutsuka nthaka yotsalira, komanso amayeretsa asanadye. Kuphatikiza apo, ma macaque aku Japan amatha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuti afewetse chakudya. Asayansi awona kuti amadya chimanga asanadye.
Zosangalatsa: Macaca fuscata amadziwa momwe amasangalalira ndikusangalala. Kusangalala kwawo kumakhala nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, amasangalala kutsetsereka pansi pa phirilo ndikusewera ma snowball. Luntha lalikululi ladziwika m'chipembedzo, zikhalidwe ndi zaluso zaku Japan, komanso m'miyambi ndi zofananira.
Nyani wa chipale chofewa amakhala ndi moyo wosakondera, womwe umachitika kwambiri mumitengo. Ma macaque aku Japan ali ndi njira zawo zolankhulirana. Asayansi apeza kuti anyani ali ndi chilankhulo chawo akamasewera phokoso. Kuphatikiza apo, amagwiritsa ntchito nkhope ndi manja mothandizidwa ndi momwe amafotokozera komanso kulumikizana. Pofotokoza malingaliro ndi momwe akumvera, ma macaque amagwiritsa ntchito nkhope zosiyanasiyana, kuwonetsa mano, kutulutsa nsidze, ngakhale kutulutsa makutu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Baby Japanese Macaque
Anyani amakhala m'magulu. Akhazikitsa maudindo okhwima. Amuna a Alpha amakhala ndi mwayi wopeza chakudya, kenako mamembala ena a paketiyo, kutengera momwe alili.
Macaques amapatsira ana awo maluso ndi chidziwitso. Tetezani achinyamata, mugawane chakudya, mugawane nawo zizindikilo zodziwitsidwa za ngozi. Mamembala am'magulu amasamalirana, amathandizira kusaka tiziromboti, ndikupanga ndikusunga mgwirizano mgululi. Chisamaliro chambiri chimachitika pakati pa abale, makamaka amayi ndi ana aakazi.
Macaques amapanga mgwirizano pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, kukhwima, kudyetsa, kupumula, komanso kuyenda nthawi yokomana. Alefa amuna ali ndi mwayi wosankha wamkazi. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amaswa mgwirizano ndi amuna omwe ali pansi pawo m'malo olamulira. Akazi okwatirana ndi amuna amtundu uliwonse, koma amakonda kupambana. Komabe, chisankho chokwatirana chimapangidwa ndi mkazi.
Mimba imatha pobereka patatha masiku 180 kuchokera pakubereka. Mkazi amabereka mwana mmodzi, makamaka kawiri. Amuna amakula msinkhu atatha zaka 6, akazi atatha zaka 4. Ana amabadwa ndi tsitsi lofiirira. Pakati pa milungu isanu ndi isanu ndi umodzi yakubadwa, anawo amayamba kudya chakudya chotafuna ndipo amatha kudya mosadalira amayi awo mpaka milungu isanu ndi iwiri.
Amayi amanyamula ana awo m'mimba kwa milungu inayi yoyambirira. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi kumbuyo. Amuna okalamba nawonso amatenga nawo gawo polera achinyamata. Amagwira ntchito ndi ana, amawadyetsa komanso amawanyamula pamsana pawo, monga akazi.
Adani achilengedwe a macaque achi Japan
Chithunzi: Japanese Macaque Red Book
Chifukwa chakuchepa kwachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa adani achilengedwe anyaniwo m'chilengedwe ndi ochepa. Magulu anyani amatha kukhala ndi ziwopsezo zosiyanasiyana kutengera komwe kuli adani awo.
Kuopsa kumatha kubwera pansi, mitengo ngakhale kumwamba:
- Tanuki ndi agalu amisala. Amakhala pafupifupi ku Japan konse;
- Amphaka amtchire - amapezeka pazilumba za Tsushima ndi Iriomote. Pali osachepera 250 a iwo otsalira kuthengo;
- Njoka zapoizoni zimakhala mdera lonselo lomwe lili ndi nkhalango ndi chithaphwi;
- Nkhandwe za pachilumba cha Honshu;
- Mountain Eagle - mbalame zimakhazikika kumapiri azilumbazi.
Choopsa chachikulu kwa anyani, komabe, ndi anthu. Amavutika ndi alimi, anthu odula mitengo komanso osaka nyama. Mitundu ya nyama ikuchepa chifukwa chakukula kwa minda, kumanga ndi kukonza misewu.
Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa ma macaque aku Japan ndikuwonongeka kwa malo awo. Izi zimapangitsa nyani kuti azolowere ndikupeza chakudya kunja kwa gawo lake. Pafupifupi ma macaque 5,000 amaphedwa chaka chilichonse, ngakhale anali otetezedwa, chifukwa amawononga minda yapafupi posaka chakudya ndikuwononga mbewu.
Popeza ma macaque amawerengedwa ngati tizirombo taulimi ndipo amawononga anthu wamba, kusaka kosalamulirika kunatsegulidwa kwa iwo. Mu 1998, ma macaque opitilira 10,000 aku Japan adaphedwa. Pambuyo powononga mosaganizira, boma la dzikolo lidatenga vuto loteteza macaque aku Japan.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Monkey waku Japan macaque
Chiwerengero chonse cha ma macaque amtchire azilumba pazilumba za Nyanja ya Japan m'malo awo achilengedwe ndi anyani opitilira 114,430. Kwa zaka zambiri, chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kutengera chilengedwe.
Nyama ndizofala kuzilumba zonse zazikulu ku Japan:
- Hokkaido;
- Honshu;
- Shikoku;
- Kyushu;
- Yakushima.
Kumpoto kwambiri kwa ma macaque aku Japan amapezeka kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Honshu - mitu yopitilira 160. Kummwera kwenikweni kuli pachilumba cha Yakushima kufupi ndi gombe lakumwera kwa Japan. Anthu adapatsidwa magawo awo - M.f. Yakui. Pali anthu opitilira 150 mgululi ku Yakushima. Anthu ochepa 600 amakhala ku Texas, USA ndipo amatetezedwa ndi mabungwe azachilengedwe.
Kuphatikiza pa nyama zamtchire, ma macaque aku Japan amakhala m'malo awo wamba kudera lamapaki aku Japan. Makamaka, mutha kuwona anyani achisanu atafika ku National Park ya Sikotsu-Toya pachilumba cha Hokkaido, Meiji No Mori Mino Quasi-National Park pansi pa Phiri la Mino kumpoto kwa Osaka kapena pachilumba cha Honshu ku Jigokudhani Park.
Malinga ndi asayansi, chiwerengerochi ndi chokhazikika, sichimayambitsa nkhawa zambiri, koma chimafuna kuwongolera ndi kusamalira anthu.
Kusunga macaque aku Japan
Chithunzi: Ma macaque achi Japan ochokera ku Red Book
Boma la Japan limaonetsetsa kuti mitundu ya zamoyo ndiyotetezeka. Zilumba zitatu zaku Japan zaku Honshu, Shikoku ndi Kyushu zili ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe komanso malo osungira nyama komwe anyani amatha kupanga ndikuberekana m'malo awo achilengedwe. Madera ang'onoang'ono a macaque amakhala m'zilumba zonse za Nyanja ya Japan.
Macaca fuscata adalembedwa mu Red Book. Udindo wa mitunduyi ndiwokhazikika ndipo sukhudzidwa kwenikweni malinga ndi mulingo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, koyambirira kwa zaka zapitazo, chifukwa chamakhalidwe osayenera a anthu, macaque aku Japan anali pafupi kutha.
Malinga ndi US ESA, nyani wachisanu amatchulidwa kuti ali pangozi. Subpecies Macaca fuscata yakui ochokera ku Yakushima Island adatchulidwa kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi ndi IUCN. Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, kunali ma macaque pakati pa 35,000 ndi 50,000 ku Japan. Mwanjira ina iliyonse, zochitika za anthu zimakhudza kukula ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa.
Zosangalatsa: Pali zochitika zodziwika bwino zamagulu aku macaque omwe akuukira midzi ndikuwopseza anthu akumudzi, kuwathamangitsa ndikulanda chakudya m'manja mwa ana. Macaque amalowa m'dera la anthu osati kuti angopeza chakudya, komanso posaka magwero ofunda. Pofuna kupewa nyani, anaganiza zokonzekeretsa magwero angapo a macaque ochokera ku Nagano. Izi zidachitika nyani atayesa kulanda gawo la malo odziwika bwino.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo operekera chakudya kuti apulumutse ma macaque ndikutchingira malo awo m'mafamu oyandikira kwabwerera m'mbuyo pang'ono, popeza kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'malo amenewa kudapangidwa mwanzeru.
Macaque achijapani Ndi nyama yapadera. Ichi ndiye chamoyo chokhacho padziko lapansi kupatula anthu, chanzeru kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa dziko lapansi kwa moyo. Ali ndi luso lotsogola kwambiri. Simaopa madzi ndikusambira kunyanja yayikulu koposa kilomita imodzi kufunafuna chakudya ndipo nthawi zina zosangalatsa. Nyani wa chipale chofewa amalumikizana bwino ndi anthu komanso nyama zina.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04/14/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 20:37
