Okapi

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Okapi Ndi chilombo chodabwitsa. Mofanana ndi mbidzi, gwape, ndi pang'ono ngati nyama, imafanana ndi chithunzi chosalumikizidwa molakwika. Mukakumana koyamba ndi chirombocho, funso limabuka: kavalo wotereyu adawoneka bwanji? Ndipo ndi kavalo? Asayansi amati ayi. Okapi ndi wachibale wakutali wa chithaphwi. Anthu okhala ku equatorial Africa adziwa chirombo chozizwitsa ichi kwa zaka masauzande, koma aku Europe adangochidziwa kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th ndi 20th.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Okapi

Mbiri yakukula kwa okapi monga mtundu ukuphunziridwabe, palibe chilichonse chokhudza komwe mtunduwo udachokera. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa zaka za zana la 20, asayansi ku London adalandira zotsalira za nyama. Kuwunika koyamba kudawonetsa kuti kulibe ubale ndi kavalo. Chachiwiri ndi chakuti kholo lokhalo loyandikira kwambiri la okapi ndi mlongoti adamwalira kalekale. Palibe chidziwitso chatsopano chomwe chalandiridwa chomwe chingatsutse kapena kusintha zomwe amalandila aku Britain.

Kanema: Okapi

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, mbadwa zaku Congo zidamuuza woyenda G. Stanley za nyama zamtchire zofanana ndi akavalo. Potengera malipoti ake, kazembe wa dziko la England ku Uganda, a Johnston, adayamba kafukufuku wofufuza. Ndi amene adapatsa asayansi zikopa za okapi kuti aphunzire. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, nyamayo, yatsopano ku Europe, idatchedwa "kavalo wa Johnston". Koma kupenda zotsalira kunawonetsa kuti okapi sanali okhudzana ndi kavalo kapena mtundu wina uliwonse wodziwika. Dzina loyambirira "okapi" lidayamba kukhala lovomerezeka.

Asayansi amati nyamayo ndi gulu la nyama zoyamwitsa, dongosolo la artiodactyl, ndi nyama zowalamulira. Potengera kufanana kwa mafupa ndi makolo amtchire omwe adatha, okapi amadziwika kuti ndi membala wa gulu la akadyamsonga. Koma mtundu wake ndi mitundu yake ndiyokha, kavalo wakale wa Johnston ndiye yekha amene amayimira mitundu ya okapi.

Mbadwa ya nyamayo ili ndi nthumwi ziwiri za banja la nyamalikiti, zomwe sizimathandizira kuphunzira kwake. M'zaka zonse za zana la 20, malo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi amalimbikitsa kugwidwa kwa nyama kuti zizikhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa. Okapi - wamanyazi modabwitsa komanso wosasunthika kupsinjika nyama, ana ndi akulu adamwalira ali mu ukapolo. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920, malo osungira nyama akuluakulu ku Belgium adakwanitsa kupanga zikhalidwe zomwe mkazi wamkazi Tele amakhala zaka 15, kenako adamwalira ndi njala mkati mwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Animal okapi

Maonekedwe a chirombo chodabwitsa ku Africa ndichapadera. Ndi mtundu wa bulauni, wokhala ndi utoto wochokera ku chokoleti chakuda mpaka kufiyira. Miyendo ndi yoyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kumtunda, mutu ndiyoyera-imvi ndikuthwa kwakukulu kumtunda, kuzungulira kwa kamwa ndi mphuno yayikulu yayitali ndi yakuda. Mchira wofiirira wokhala ndi ngayaye ndi wautali masentimita 40. Palibe kusintha kosalala kuchoka pamtundu wina kupita utoto, zilumba zaubweya wa mthunzi umodzi ndizowonekeratu.

Amuna ali ndi nyanga zazing'ono, zomwe zikusonyeza ubale ndi mphalapala. Chaka chilichonse nsonga za nyanga zimathothoka ndipo zatsopano zimakula. Kukula kwa nyama kumakhala pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka, pomwe khosi ndi lalifupi kuposa lachibale, koma lotalika motalika. Akazi mwachikhalidwe amakhala ataliatali masentimita makumi angapo ndipo alibe nyanga. Kulemera kwapakati pa munthu wamkulu ndi 250 kg, mwana wakhanda wobadwa kumene ndi 30 kg. Nyama imatha kutalika kwa mita 2 kapena kupitilira apo.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Imvi buluu, monga ya nyamalikiti, lilime la okapi limafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 35. Nyama yoyera imatha kutsuka dothi mosavuta m'maso ndi m'makutu.

Okapi alibe zida zotsutsana ndi adani. Njira yokhayo yopulumukira ndikuthawa. Chisinthiko chinamupatsa kumvetsera mwachidwi, kumamupatsa mwayi wodziwa za ngozi zomwe zingachitike pasadakhale. Makutu ndi akulu, otalikirana, osunthika modabwitsa. Kuti makutu azisungika bwino, kuwayeretsa nthawi zonse ndi lilime, chilombocho chimakakamizidwa kuti chisamve bwino. Ukhondo ndi chitetezo china cholimbana ndi nyama zolusa.

Oimira mitunduyo alibe zingwe zamawu. Akamatulutsa mpweya mwamphamvu, amatulutsa mawu ofanana ndi chifuwa kapena mluzu. Makanda obadwa kumene amagwiritsa ntchito kulira pafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, okapi alibe ndulu. Njira ina yakhala thumba lapadera kumbuyo kwa masaya, pomwe nyama imatha kusunga chakudya kwakanthawi.

Kodi okapi amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Okapi ku Africa

Malo okhala amakhala ochepa. Kuthengo, akavalo akale a Johnston amapezeka kokha kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo. M'zaka zapitazi, kulandidwa kwa okapi kudafikira kumalire a dziko loyandikana nalo - Uganda. Kudula mitengo yonse pang'onopang'ono kumathamangitsa nyama kuchokera kumadera omwe amazolowera. Ndipo okapis amanyazi sangathe kupeza nyumba yatsopano.

Nyama zimasankha malo okhala mosamala. Iyenera kukhala malo achonde pafupifupi kilomita pamwamba pa nyanja. Nyama sizimayang'ana chizindikirochi, kutengera chibadwa. Chigwa ndichowopsa kwa iwo; ndizosowa kwambiri kuwona kavalo wamtchire m'malo opanda kanthu. Okapi amakhala kumadera okutidwa ndi tchire lalitali, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kubisala ndikumva chilombo chikudutsa munthambi.

Nkhalango zamvula za m'chigawo chapakati cha Africa zakhala malo abwino oti okapi azikhalamo. Nyama zamtengo wapatali zimasankha nyumba osati ndi tchire lokha, komanso kutalika kwa masamba omwe amakula. Ndikofunikanso kuti nkhalango zikhale ndi gawo lalikulu - ng'ombe sizikhala mulu, aliyense ali ndi ngodya. Ali mu ukapolo, zofunikira kuti okapi apulumuke zimapangidwa mwanzeru.

Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa:

  • Mdima wamdima wokhala ndi malo ochepa owunikira;
  • Kusapezeka kwa nyama zina pafupi;
  • Chakudya chokwanira kuchokera masamba, chomwe munthu amadya kuthengo;
  • Kwa mayi wokhala ndi mwana - ngodya yakuda kutsanzira nkhalango yakuya, ndi mtendere wathunthu;
  • Kuyanjana pang'ono ndi munthu mpaka munthuyo atazolowera zikhalidwe zatsopano;
  • Mkhalidwe wanyengo - kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha kumatha kupha nyama.

Pali ma zoo ochepera 50 padziko lapansi momwe okapi amakhala. Kuweta ndi njira yovuta komanso yovuta. Zotsatira zake zinali kuwonjezeka kwa chiyembekezo cha moyo wa nyama mpaka zaka 30. Kutalika kwa kavalo wamtchire muufulu ndikovuta kunena, asayansi amavomereza pakadutsa zaka 20 - 25.

Kodi okapi amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Okapi - ndira ya m'nkhalango

Zakudya za Okapi, monga ndira, amapangidwa ndi masamba, masamba, zipatso. Girafira wamtali kwambiri, yemwe sakonda kugwada pansi, amasankha mitengo yayitali kapena nthambi zakumtunda za wamba. Okapi, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa ku Europe wamba, amakonda kudyetsa mpaka 3 mita kumtunda. Amagwira nthambi ya mtengo kapena chitsamba ndi lilime lake lalitali ndikukoka masambawo pakamwa pake. Ataweramira pansi, amasula udzu wachinyamatayo.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Mndandanda wa okapi uli ndi zomera zakupha ndi bowa woopsa. Pofuna kuchepetsa mphamvu ya zinthu zovulaza, amadya makala. Mitengo yowotchedwa pambuyo pa kuwomba kwa mphezi imayamba kukhala nkhani yazokonda nkhalango.

Zakudya za Okapi zimaphatikizapo mitundu 30 mpaka 100 yazomera zam'madera otentha, kuphatikiza fern, zipatso komanso bowa. Amalandira mchere kuchokera ku dothi lakunyanja, lomwe amadya mosamala kwambiri - malo otseguka komanso kuyandikira kwa madzi kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu. Nyama zimadya masana. Zochitika usiku ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo zimafunikira mwachangu.

Nyama zimadya, komanso kugona, mosamala kwambiri. Makutu awo amatenga mkombero, ndipo miyendo yawo yakonzeka kuthamanga nthawi iliyonse yakudya. Chifukwa chake, anthu adakwanitsa kuphunzira zamadyedwe a okapi m'malo osungira nyama okha. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya moyo, makanda amadyetsa mkaka, pambuyo pake amatha kupitiriza kudyetsa kuchokera kwa amayi awo kapena kuuletsa kwathunthu.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Njira yogaya chakudya ya ma okapis ang'onoang'ono imathandizira mkaka wa mayi popanda zotsalira. Anawa samasiya zinyalala, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti asamawonekere kwa adani.

Kusunga nyama kumalo osungira nyama kumafuna chisamaliro. Atagwidwa, achikulire amachita mantha kwambiri, ndipo machitidwe awo amanjenje samasinthidwa kuti azikhala opanikizika. Ndizotheka kupulumutsa moyo wa nyama pongotsanzira momwe moyo uliri kuthengo. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pakudya. Masamba osamalidwa bwino a masamba, masamba, zipatso ndi bowa amathandiza anthu kuwongolera okapi. Munthuyo akazolowera anthu, amasamutsidwira kumalo osungira nyama.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Okapi nyama yaku Africa

Okapi ndi amanyazi modabwitsa. Anthu amapeza zambiri zamakhalidwe awo atsiku ndi tsiku ali mu ukapolo. Ndizosatheka kuwona kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Africa - nkhondo zosalekeza zimapangitsa kuti ulendo uliwonse wasayansi ukhale wowopsa pamoyo wa ofufuza. Mikangano imakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa ziweto: opha nyama mozemba amalowa m'malo osungira ndi kumanga misampha ya nyama zamtengo wapatali.

Ndipo mu ukapolo, nyama zimachita mosiyana. Mwa kumanga maudindo omveka bwino, amuna amamenyera ufulu. Kudula anthu ena okhala ndi nyanga ndi ziboda, chachimuna cholimba kwambiri chimatanthauza mphamvu yake potambasula khosi lake mmwamba. Ena nthawi zambiri amagwada pansi. Koma mawonekedwe amtunduwu ndi achilendo kwa okapis, amakhala bwino m'makola amodzi. Kupatula kumapangidwa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi makanda.

Otsatirawa amadziwika pakhalidwe la okapi mu vivo:

  • Munthu aliyense amakhala m'dera linalake, amadyetsa palokha;
  • Akazi amatsatira malire omveka, osalola alendo kuti azikhala nawo;
  • Amuna samakhala osamala kumalire, nthawi zambiri amadyetsa pafupi;
  • Munthuyo amalemba zomwe ali nazo mothandizidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa miyendo ndi ziboda zake, komanso mkodzo;
  • Mzimayi amatha kudutsa momasuka malo amphongo. Ngati ali ndi mwana naye, sakhala pachiwopsezo kuchokera kwa woimira wamkulu;
  • Chotsatira cha mayi ndi mwana ndi champhamvu kwambiri, amateteza mwanayo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi atabadwa;
  • Nthawi yokwatirana, amapangika awiriawiri omwe amatha msanga pomwe wamkazi akawona kufunika koteteza mwana;
  • Nthawi zina amapanga magulu a anthu angapo, mwina kupita pachitsime chothirira. Koma palibe chitsimikiziro cha lingaliro ili;

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Okapi Cub

Okapi safuna mtsogoleri. Kubwezeretsa kuukira kwa adani, kuteteza gawo kuchokera kwa omwe akupikisana nawo, kulera ana limodzi - zonsezi sizomwe zili m'mahatchi amnkhalango. Sankhani nokha nkhalango, muiike chizindikiro ndikudyetserako msipu mpaka nthawi yakwana - izi ndi momwe nyama zosamala zimakhalira. Pokhala ndi gawo limodzi lokha, ma okapis ovuta amadzipatsa chete pafupi nawo, amachepetsa mwayi wa adani kuti azisaka bwino.

Nthawi yokhwima imakhala mu Meyi-Julayi, pomwe chachimuna ndi chachimuna chimagwirizana kuti apange awiriawiri. Kwa miyezi 15 yotsatira, mkazi amabereka mwana wosabadwayo. Ana amabadwa m'nyengo yamvula kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Ana ang'onoang'ono obadwa kumene amalemera makilogalamu 14, akulu - mpaka 30. Abambo kulibe pobereka, samachita chidwi ndi banja latsopano. Komabe, mkazi wazolowera ufulu amakumana ndi kuzizira kwa mnzake popanda kutengeka.

M'masiku omaliza okhala ndi pakati, mayi woyembekezera amapita m'nkhalango kuti akapeze malo ogontha, amdima. Kumeneko amasiya mwana, ndipo masiku angapo otsatira akubwera kudzadya. Mwana wakhanda amabowola m'masamba omwe agwa ndikuwundana, ndi yekhayo amene ali ndi vuto lakumva kwa okapi yemwe angamupeze. Khanda limapanga phokoso lofanana ndi kulira kuti mai ake amupeze mosavuta.

Mgwirizano wa banjali ukhala nsanje za mbalame zachikondi. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, okapi wamng'ono amakula kwa amayi ndipo amamutsatira kulikonse. Kutalika kwa banja ili idyll, munthuyo sakudziwa. Ana aamuna amakula msinkhu patatha chaka chimodzi ndi theka, anyamata achichepere amabwera kumeneku ali ndi miyezi 28. Komabe, kusasitsa kumapitilira mpaka zaka zitatu.

Adani achilengedwe a okapi

Chithunzi: Okapi

Okapi alibe abwenzi. Amawopa chilichonse chomwe chimapanga phokoso ndikununkhiza, kapena kungopereka mthunzi. M'malo mwa adani owopsa, nyalugwe ndiye woyamba. Mphaka wamkulu wam'banja la panther amazembera mwakachetechete mwakachetechete, ndipo amakula mwachangu posaka. Mphamvu ya kununkhiza kwa Okapi imakupatsani mwayi wowona kambuku akubisalira, koma nthawi zina izi zimachitika mochedwa kwambiri.

Fisi ndiwonso oopsa pa okapi. Alenje amasiku ano amasaka okha kapena m'matumba otsogozedwa ndi wamkazi wotsogola. Okapis ochulukirapo amaposa afisi mulingo ndi kulemera kwake, koma zilombo zochenjera zimadya nyama imodzi mwamphamvu mpaka kukhosi. Ngakhale amagona tulo pang'ono, akavalo am'nkhalango amapezeka pachakudya cha afisi, omwe nkhomaliro yawo imayamba pakati pausiku. Makhalidwe apadera m'mimba mwa chilombocho amalola kudya nyama yayikulu osapeza kanthu, ngakhale nyanga ndi ziboda zimatambasulidwa.

Nthawi zina mikango imamenya okapi. Kwa katsamba aka, zakudya zokometsera zokometsera zakudya ndizakonda kwambiri. Kudera la DR Congo, nyengo imalola kuti adani azikhala omasuka. Mikango ndi yotsika poyerekeza ndi akambuku omwe amatha kuyenda mwakachetechete, ndipo izi zimapangitsa okapi kugwera m'manja mwawo mobwerezabwereza. Pofuna kudutsa m'nkhalango, zilombo zolusa sizikhala ndi mwayi wopeza nyama zomwe zikugwidwa mwachangu, ndipo ma okapis ochenjera samakonda kupita kumadera otseguka.

Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu okapi kumachitika ndi anthu. Mtengo wa omwe amapha nyama mosaka nyama ndi nyama komanso khungu la nyama. Anthu aku Africa akulephera kugonjetsa wozunzidwayo pankhondo yapoyera, chifukwa chake amamanga misampha m'malo okhalamo nyama. Kusaka okapi kukupitilizabe ngakhale mayiko ena akuyesetsa kuti aletse.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, malo osungira nyama, poyesa kulanda okapi mosaganizira, sanadziwe momwe angawasungire amoyo mu ukapolo. Kuyesera kubereka ana m'malo osungira nyama kunalephera mpaka zaka za m'ma 60. Anthu omwe amafuna ndalama nthawi zambiri amakhala ankhanza.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Animal okapi

Chiwerengero cha mitunduyi chikuchepa mwachangu. Chifukwa chachinsinsi cha nyamazo, zinali zovuta kuwerengera kuchuluka kwawo panthawi yomwe mitunduyo imapezeka. Komabe, ngakhale zinali zodziwika kuti achifwambawo adawawononga ambiri. Khungu la Okapi limakhala ndi mtundu wokongola modabwitsa, velvety mpaka kukhudza, kotero kwakhala kukufunidwa nthawi zonse. Nyama yanyama nawonso sinasiye okonda chakudya chosakoma.

Mu 2013, kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtchire zomwe zimakhala kuthengo zikuyerekeza anthu 30-50,000. Pachiyambi cha 2019, panali 10,000 mwa iwo omwe adatsalira.Okapi omwe amakhala kumalo osungira nyama samapitilira makumi asanu. Kuyambira Seputembara 2018, mitunduyi sinaphatikizidwe mu Red Book, koma izi ndi nthawi chabe. Njira zoteteza zachilengedwe sizikuyenda bwino chifukwa chazovuta zandale ku DR Congo - malo okhawo okapi kuthengo.

Pali malo achilengedwe m'chigawo cha boma. Cholinga cha kulengedwa kwawo ndikusunga anthu okapi. Komabe, magulu okhala ndi zida okhala ku DR Congo nthawi zonse amaphwanya malire a malowa ndikupitilizabe kutchera nyama nyama. Kawirikawiri chandamale cha nkhanza zotere chimakhala chakudya. Anthu amadya nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuziletsa. Kuphatikiza pa osaka okapi, nkhokwezi zimakopanso alenje agolide ndi minyanga ya njovu.

Chifukwa china chakuchepa kwa anthu ndi kuwonongeka kwa mikhalidwe. Kudula mitengo mwachangu kwapangitsa kuti okapi asowe m'nkhalango zaku Uganda. Tsopano zinthu zikubwerezedwa kunkhalango zakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa DR Congo. Chifukwa cholephera kukhalabe kunja kwa nkhalango, okapi adzawonongedwa pokhapokha boma la dziko lankhondoli litachitapo kanthu mwachangu. Asayansi padziko lonse lapansi akuyesera kukakamiza Purezidenti wa DR Congo Felix Chisekedi.

Malingana ndi kupezeka kwa okapi, nzika zakomweko zakhazikitsa mfundo zokola nyama mwalamulo. Moyang'aniridwa ndi asayansi m'malo osungira nyama, nyama zimakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa zakutchire. Kuwonongedwa kwa mamembala amtundu wamtunduwu kumatha kupewedwa powapatsa malo okhala abwino. Central Africa ilibe mikhalidwe yotere, ndipo palibe chifukwa chodikirira kuti athetse msanga mikangano yankhondo mdzikolo.

Okapi ndi chilombo chodabwitsa. Mtundu wachilendo, khungu lofiirira-bulauni lokhala ndi utoto, kumva kosakhwima modabwitsa ndi kununkhiza - zonsezi zimapangitsa kavalo wamnkhalango kukhala wapadera.Amakonda malo awo okhala, chakudya, ngakhale kwa wina ndi mnzake, amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Koma ndizovuta kupeza nthumwi zowima palokha komanso zodziyimira pawokha za zinyama. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupewa kuwonongedwa kwa mitunduyo. Okapi - chilombo chothandiza pachilengedwe.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/10/2019

Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/25/2019 pa 21:58

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Onerani kanemayo: 5 Weird, Wild u0026 Wonderful Facts About Okapi (November 2024).